冠心病患者健康教育前后效果分析

冠心病已成为发达国家的首要死因 ,我国近几年有增加的趋势。健康教育可降低其发病率和病死率[1] 。本文旨在对冠心病患者健康教育前后的认知效果及其对行动的指导进行探讨 ,同时对护理人员在住院患者健康教育中的作用进行了探讨。对象与方法1 对象　 1 999年 4～ 6月在北京大学第一附属医院住院的冠心病患者 40例 ,男 2 5例 ,女 1 5例 ;年龄最大 77岁 ,最小 3 2岁 ,以 60～ 69岁患者为多 ,占 52 5% ,其次为 50～ 59岁 ,占 3 0 % ,平均年龄 59± 1 4岁 ;患者学历以本科为主 ,为 1 7例 ,占 42 5% ,高中学历1 5人 ,初中以下 8人。并同时…     

广东省人民医院开展冠心病患者术前健康教育的效果分析

广东省人民医院从 2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 2年对住院的冠心病患者进行术前有计划、有步骤的健康教育 ,出院前进行康复评估收到了一定效果 ,情况报道如下。对象与方法1 对象　 2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 2年在广东省人民医院择期手术的冠心病患者 1 0 0例。其中实验组男 46例 ,女 4例 ,年龄 46± 7 2 4岁 ;对照组男 45例 ,女 5例 ,年龄 5 7± 8 61岁。两组患者临床资料无统计学差异 (见表 1 )。表 1　两组临床分布 (n =5 0例 )内　　容实验组对照组陈旧性心肌梗死 2 5 2 4不稳定心胶痛 2 0 2 2缺血性心脏病 5 4合并高血压病 2 82 7合并糖尿病 91 2心功能…     

慢性肾脏病伴冠心病冠状动脉介入后行血液透析护理

目的 分析慢性肾脏病合并冠心病患者接受冠状动脉介入术治疗后进行血液透析的护理方法与效果.方法 2019年3月-2020年3月选取本院收治的72例慢性肾脏病合并冠心病患者,全部患者都接受冠状动脉介入术治疗后进行血液透析处理,按照双盲法分为两组,对照组予以常规护理,观察组实施系统护理,并对两组患者生活质量评分、临床症状评分...     

冠心病住院患者健康教育的效果观察

目的 探讨健康教育对冠心病患的辅助治疗作用。方法 将196例冠心病患随机分为两组,观察组98例,用药治疗的同时配合健康教育;对照组98例单纯用药治疗,评定药物治疗前后病情转归情况与健康知识认知情况。结果 观察组治疗效果明显优于对照组（P＜0．01）,观察组对健康知识认知度较对照组明显增高（P＜0．01）。结论 对冠心病患进行健康教育,可提高其健康认知水平,有利于患的治疗与康复。     

150例超高龄冠心病患者的临床护理体会

目的 探讨超高龄冠心病患者临床护理效果与体会见解。方法 研究纳入150例对象,均为2018年3月—2019年4月在医院接受治疗的超高龄冠心病患者,以随机数字表法为依据将所有对象均分成试验组和对照组,前者应用针对性护理,后者应用常规护理。将两组患者的并发症情况、生活质量、依从性与住院时间进行对比。结果 与对照组患者相比,试验组患者的并发症总发生率与住院时间均更低,其各项遵医依从率均更高;相比于护理前,两组患者护理后的各项生活质量评分均更高,且与对照组相比,试验组更高;以上对比差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。结论 对超高龄冠心病患者应用针对性护理干预具有理想效果,可降低患者出现并发症的几率,提高其遵医依从率与生活质量,缩短其住院时间,使其早日康复,值得广泛推广。     

健康教育在冠心病心绞痛患者中的应用

目的探讨健康教育在冠心病心绞痛患者中的临床价值。方法将100例冠心病心绞痛患者随机分为观察组和对照组各50例,根据病情、病程对观察组实施系统的健康教育,对照组给予传统的护理措施,比较两组的治疗效果、相关知识的知晓率以及患者满意度。结果观察组总有效率明显高于对照组,观察组的心绞痛知识、饮食知识及用药知识的知晓率均明显高于对照组患者,观察组的宣教满意度、态度满意度、操作满意度及结果满意度等评分亦明显高于对照组;差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论健康教育能显著提高冠心病心绞痛患者的临床疗效、相关知识掌握程度以及患者满意度。     

健康教育在冠心病心绞痛患者中的应用

目的探讨健康教育在冠心病心绞痛患者中的临床价值。方法将100例冠心病心绞痛患者随机分为观察组和对照组各50例,根据病情、病程对观察组实施系统的健康教育,对照组给予传统的护理措施,比较两组的治疗效果、相关知识的知晓率以及患者满意度。结果观察组总有效率明显高于对照组．观察组的心绞痛知识、饮食知识及用药知识的知晓率均明显高于对照组患者,观察组的宣教满意度、态度满意度、操作满意度及结果满意度等评分亦明显高于对照组;差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论健康教育能显著提高冠心病心绞痛患者的临床疗效、相关知识掌握程度以及患者满意度。     

冠心病患者健康行为干预实验研究

目的通过对冠心病患者的健康行为进行干预,探索建立正确可行的健康行为,从而减少冠心病的发病率,改善和促进冠心病患者的健康状况,提高其生活质量。方法 将200例患者随机分为干预组100例和对照组100例,两组均采用常规对症治疗和基础健康教育,而干预组额外给予专门的针对健康行为的健康教育,比较干预后两组得分情况。结果通过健康行为干预,在健康责任、营养、自我实现、人际关系、压力应对、运动和锻炼方面干预组和对照组差异有统计学意义。结论与基础健康教育相比,专门的针对健康行为的健康教育能够有效改善患者的健康行为,提高患者的生活质量。     

High-Intensity Interval and Resistance Training Improve Health Outcomes in Older Adults With Coronary Disease

ObjectiveBoth high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and resistance exercises (R) are used in cardiac rehabilitation in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the combined effect of an HIIT + R exercise program in older adults with CAD is not well investigated. The study's purpose was to assess the changes in anthropometric parameters, physical activity, functional capacity, physiological parameters, and quality of life (QoL) in this population following a combined HIIT + R program.DesignThe study was a 2-group (n = 45 each) randomized controlled single-blinded trial.Setting and ParticipantsThe study was done at a treatment clinic of a tertiary hospital. The mean age of participants was 69.23 ± 4.9 years. The HIIT + R group performed 8 sessions (1/wk) of HIIT + R training. The 30 minutes of the active exercise phase consisted of ten 3-minute bouts. Each bout comprised of 1 minute of high-intensity treadmill walking at 85% to 90% maximum heart rate (MHR), followed by a low-intensity walking at 60%-70% MHR, followed by low-to moderate-intensity resistance training. The Usual Care group underwent conventional medical treatment.MeasuresAnthropometric measurements [weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, body fat percentage, lean body mass], physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire), functional capacity (Incremental Shuttle Walking Test), physiologic measurements (blood pressure, heart rate), and QoL (36-Item Short Form Health Survey) were measured pre- and postintervention.ResultsSignificant group and time interaction were found for the participants in the HIIT + R Group for BMI (P = .001), body fat percentage (P = .001), waist circumference (P < .001), physical activity (P < .001), functional capacity (P < .001), and QoL (P = .001) compared with the UC Group. Significant improvement in systolic blood pressure (P = .001) was seen in the HIIT + R group.Conclusions and ImplicationsA combined HIIT + R training protocol in older adults with CAD can be useful in producing desired health outcomes. Further evaluation of longer duration exercise programs with more frequent dosing needs to be evaluated for their benefits and sustainability.     

高血压和冠心病患者头发中的微量元素

目的：了解高血压和冠心病患者头发微量元素水平。方法：选择45名高血压患者、36名冠心病患者和40名健康人以火焰原子吸收法测定头发中微量元素锌（Zn),铜（Cu),锰（Mn)和铁（Fe)含量，结果：高血压和冠心病患者头发Zn含量和Zn/Cu比值显著高于健康对照（P＜0．001），Cu,Mn和Fe含量显著低于健康对照（P＜0．05），结论：头发高Zn低Mn，低Fe和低Cu是高血压和冠心病患者特征之一。     

Health Literacy,Pedometer, and Self-Reported Walking Among Older Adults

Objectives. We examined the association of health literacy with physical activity and physical activity guideline adherence in older adults.Methods. We used cross-sectional data from a 2012 population-based study in Alberta, Canada, assessing health literacy, and deriving moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and metabolic equivalent of task (MET) minutes per week from the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire, and steps per day via a pedometer.Results. Mean age of participants (n = 1296) was 66.4 (SD = 8.2) years, 57% were female, and 94% were White. Nine percent had inadequate health literacy, and 46% met guidelines for self-reported physical activity and 18% for steps per day. Participants with inadequate health literacy had nonsignificant adjusted decrements of 58 MVPA minutes and 218 MET minutes per week and were less likely to meet physical activity guidelines (MVPA: odds ratio = 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.41, 0.97; P = .037; MET: odds ratio = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.42, 1.01; P = .057) compared with their health-literate counterparts. Such differences were nonsignificant for steps per day.Conclusions. Inadequate health literacy was associated with less likelihood of meeting MVPA guidelines based on self-reported physical activity, but not based on an objective measure of steps per day.Physical inactivity has been recognized as a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and a widening variety of other chronic conditions, which are mostly common in the elderly population. Evidence from 3 large systematic reviews of the benefits of physical activity on health suggests that regular aerobic activity and short-term exercise programs are associated with functional independence; a positive effect on primary prevention of several chronic conditions including heart disease, hypertension, stroke, type 2 diabetes, some types of cancers, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease; as well as a reduction in total mortality among adults.1–3 Because of the rapidly increasing proportion of older adults worldwide, which is imminently expected to exceed that of children aged 5 years or younger for the first time in history,4 and recent reports indicating that approximately 31% of adults worldwide are physically inactive,5 physical inactivity represents an increasing global public health problem.Previous research has identified several factors that are directly or indirectly linked to physical activity in adults, including age, gender, income, self-efficacy, motivation, and safe, accessible locations for walking and other activities known to improve health.6–9 Furthermore, physiological, cognitive, and social changes that occur with aging are also important factors to consider when one is examining physical activity in older adults; however, very little attention has been paid to how other unique factors might influence health behaviors in older adult populations. For instance, health literacy, a relatively new concept in health research, has been the focus of recent literature.Health literacy (HL), which is commonly defined as the ability to obtain, read, understand, and communicate about health-related information needed to make informed health decisions,10 has been recognized as a stronger predictor of a person’s health than conventional correlates such as age, income, education, employment status, and race.11 Inadequate HL disproportionately affects older adults and other disadvantaged groups (e.g., people with low levels of income and education, and those for whom English is a second language), adversely affecting several aspects of their health care management and outcomes.12–14 Several studies have suggested an important link between HL and several health-related outcomes among community-dwelling elders, including poorer medication knowledge,15 poorer physical and mental health,16 higher hospitalization rates, and increased cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.17,18 A behavioral pathway has been suggested to explain some of these associations, whereby HL was found to be associated with several health-promoting behaviors including physical activity,19 and consumption of healthy foods20,21 that are potentially linked to these outcomes. Despite these findings, the evidence is inconclusive because of a paucity of studies and potential methodological limitations in existing literature.22,23The primary objective of this study was to investigate whether inadequate HL is associated with self-reported moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in community-dwelling older adults. We hypothesized that those with lower HL would not meet current physical activity guidelines. Secondarily, because walking is the most commonly reported form of MVPA among older adult populations, we also elected to explore this relationship by using objectively assessed ambulatory activity (walking) with a pedometer. We hypothesized that those with lower HL would report fewer steps per day.     

运用护理程序对冠心病患者实施健康教育

冠心病是一种常见病,随着人们生活水平的提高及生活节奏的加快,冠心病的患病率呈上升趋势.大力普及健康教育,是防治疾病,提高健康水平的重要措施.池州市人民医院在临床实践中将健康教育作为系统化整体护理的重要内容,运用护理程序对冠心病病人实施系统的健康教育,取得了良好的效果.     

针对性综合健康管理对冠心病患者的应用效果

目的 探讨针对性综合健康管理对冠心病患者的应用效果.方法 将160例冠心病患者随机分为观察组(针对性综合健康管理)与对照组(常规健康教育).比较两组的健康行为能力及生活质量.结果 干预后,两组的运动、健康责任、营养、心理安适评分升高,且观察组的运动、健康责任、营养、心理安适评分高于对照组(P<0.05).观察组的FBG...     

冠心病患者对相关危险因素知信行的调查分析

目的了解冠心病住院患者对冠心病相关危险因素的知信行现状,为其治疗和二级预防提供依据。方法根据健康教育知信行理论(KABP Model),并结合PRECEDE-PROCEED模式自行设计评估表,对60例已确诊为冠心病的患者进行调查分析。结果知与行不统一;对冠心病的主要危险因素理解模糊,甚至错误;健康教育前患者对冠心病相关知识项目的知晓程度和文化程度有关。结论健康教育在冠心病二级预防治疗中意义深远,对不同年龄、不同文化层次的患者制定多样化、针对性强的健康教育方式,是提高健康教育效果的关键。     

甘氨酸龈喷砂治疗老年冠心病并慢性牙周炎疗效

目的冠心病并发慢性牙周炎老年患者应用甘氨酸龈喷砂治疗效果情况分析。方法选取2018年6月-2019年6月本院诊治冠心病并发慢性牙周炎老年150例患者资料,按随机数表分两组,对照组予超声洁治联合抛光,研究组予甘氨酸龈喷砂,分析两组疼痛度、咀嚼改善时间、炎症指标及牙周指标。结果研究组疼痛度(3.03±0.79)分及咀嚼改善时间(5.05±1.26)d比对照组少(P <0.01);且研究组IL-6(62.38±17.46) pg/mL、CRP(2.03±0.55) mg/L比对照组少(P<0.01);研究组牙周指标评估指标优于对照组(P <0.01)。结论冠心病并发慢性牙周炎老年患者应用甘氨酸龈喷砂治疗,能有效缓解疼痛度,缩短咀嚼功能的改善时间,降低炎症因子指标。     

冠心病患者对相关危险因素知信行的调查分析

目的了解冠心病住院患者对冠心病相关危险因素的知信行现状,为其治疗和二级预防提供依据。方法根据健康教育知信行理论（KABP Model）,并结合PRECEDE-PROCEED模式自行设计评估表,对60例已确诊为冠心病的患者进行调查分析。结果知与行不统一;对冠心病的主要危险因素理解模糊,甚至错误;健康教育前患者对冠心病相关知识项目的知晓程度和文化程度有关。结论健康教育在冠心病二级预防治疗中意义深远,对不同年龄、不同文化层次的患者制定多样化、针对性强的健康教育方式,是提高健康教育效果的关键。     

Examining the Association Between Health Literacy and Medication Adherence Among Older Adults

Health literacy plays a vital role in patients’ understanding of their prescribed medication instructions. To inform strategies to assist providers in communicating in a manner that is easily understood by patients, it would be beneficial to determine the relationship between health literacy and the day-to-day aspects of medication adherence. This study identified: 1) differences of health literacy levels in medication adherence; 2) the association between health literacy and medication adherence; and 3) and factors associated with medication adherence score. A convenience sample of older predominantly African-American patients (N = 389), over the age of 60, completed a cross-sectional survey. Chi-square analysis assessed health literacy differences in five aspects of medication adherence. Ordinary linear regression analysis determined factors associated with medication adherence score. Patients with limited health literacy were more likely to forget to take their medications and more likely to take less medication than instructed than patients with adequate health literacy (χ²(5) = 15.91, p = .007, χ²(5) = 10.31, p = .036, respectively). REALM score was also significantly associated with medication adherence score (β= .016, p < .001, β = .009, p = .033), respectively). Findings suggest that providers seeking to improve medication adherence in older adults, particularly African-American patients, should focus communication on assessing health literacy levels prior to discussing medication instructions.