肝功与血脂血清学指标水平检验在脂肪肝诊断中的应用

目的 研究肝功与血脂血清学指标水平检验在脂肪肝诊断中的应用。方法 选取2018年1月~2019年1月在我院治疗的35例脂肪肝患者设为脂肪肝组,另选取同期在我院健康体检者35例为对照组,比较两组天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）。结果脂肪肝组AST（81.55 6.82）U/L、ALT（57.23±7.85）U/L水平高于对照组（41.17±6.19）U/L、（25.88±5.86）U/L,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;脂肪肝组TC（6.86±1.31）mmol/L、TG（2.36±1.22）mmol/L、LDL-C（3.98 1.31）mmol/L水平高于对照组（4.22±1.08）mmol/L、(1.23±0.65)mmol/L、(3.98±1.31)mmol/L,HDL-C（1.06±0.78）mmol/L低于对照组(1.06±0.78)mmol/L,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 脂肪肝患者肝功与血脂血清学指标水平与健康者存在差异,临床可通过筛查肝功与血脂血清学指标脂肪肝,为早期诊治提供参考依据。     

非酒精性脂肪肝CT表现及与血脂水平的相关性分析

目的探讨非酒精性脂肪肝患者肝脏CT值与血脂之间的关系。方法选取非酒精性脂肪肝患者43例及对照组30例,分别测量肝脏的CT值及血脂水平,然后进行统计分析。结果对照组及非酒精性脂肪肝组血中TG,HDL,LDL,VLDL之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但血中的CHOL差别没有统计学意义,肝脏CT值与TG、CHOL、LDL、VLDL负相关,而与HDL正相关,即CT值越低,则TG,CHOL,LDL,VLDL越高,脂肪肝程度越重。TG、HDL、LDL在非酒精性脂肪肝轻、中、重组间有差距。结论非酒精性脂肪肝患者肝脏CT值与血脂水平密切相关,血脂水平的变化会导致肝脏CT值的变化。     

非酒精性脂肪肝病患者血清肿瘤坏死因子-α的检测及意义

目的 检测非酒精性脂肪肝病(NAFLD)患者与健康对照者体格、生化指标和血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的水平,了解血清TNF-α等在NAFLD发生发展中的意义.方法 选择NAFLD患者132例,正常对照132例.测量身高、体重、腰围(WC)、血压,检测肝功、血糖(GLU)、血脂、尿酸和指标;采用酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测病例与对照者血清TNF-α水平,分析NAFLD与炎症因子TNF-α的相关性.构建Logistic回归模型分析NAFLD的影响因素.结果 NAFLD组体质指数(BMI)[(25.37±3.29) kg/m2]、腰围[(84.33±11.00)cm]、收缩压[(134.93±19.32) mmHg]、舒张压[(82.50±13.33)mmHg]和血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)[(24.59±16.01)U/L]、谷草转氨酶(AST)[(23.88±10.56) U/L]、尿酸(UA)[(322.96±95.57) μmol/L]、甘油三酯(TG)[(1.69 ±0.96) mmol/L]等生化指标水平均明显高于对照组[分别为BMI (23.11±2.23) kg/m2、WC (78.00±6.67) cm、收缩压(122.73±17.64) mmHg、舒张压(75.35±11.52) mmHg、ALT(15.62±10.64)U/L、AST(19.79±5.68) U/L、UA(287.91±93.16)μmol/L、TG(1.23±0.74) mmol/L,P＜0.01].NAFLD患者血清TNF-α的水平[(2.78±1.46) pg/ml]明显高于对照组[(2.17±1.21) pg/ml],差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.05);NAFLD与血清TNF-α水平均呈正相关[r值为0.185,P＜0.01].两组TNF-α、BMI、WC、SBP、DBP、ALT、AST、UA、TG水平的差异均有统计学意义(均为P＜0.05),而GLU、总胆固醇(CHOL)差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).多因素Logistic回归分析显示血清TNF-α、BMI、TG是NAFLD的危险因素,OR(95％ CI)分别为1.826(1.708～2.664)、1.689(1.542～1.891)、1.437(1.127～1.737),P值均＜0.05).结论 非酒精性脂肪肝病患者血清TNF-α水平明显升高,提示TNF-α可能在非酒精性脂肪肝的发生发展中起重要作用.     

精神分裂症伴发高血压患者血脂和超敏C反应蛋白水平变化及危险因素分析

目的:探讨精神分裂症伴发高血压(HBP)患者血脂和超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平变化及危险因素分析。方法:纳入2019-01-2021-05本院首次确诊的精神分裂症患者207例,根据患者的血压情况将其分为精神分裂症组(n=102)和精神分裂症伴发HBP组(n=105),精神分裂症伴发HBP组再分为HBPⅠ级组(n=36)、HBPⅡ级组(n=51)和HBPⅢ级组(n=18)三个亚组。检测并分析所有患者的血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白A1(ApoA1)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)和hs-CRP水平。Logistic回归分析精神分裂症伴发HBP的危险因素。结果:精神分裂症伴发HBP组年龄、病程、TC、TG、LDL-C、ApoB和hs-CRP显著高于精神分裂症组(P均<0.05);HDL-C和ApoA1/ApoB显著低于精神分裂症组(P均<0.05)。精神分裂症伴发HBP各亚组TC、TG、ApoB和hs-CRP水平呈HBP I级组相似文献   

精神分裂症伴非酒精性脂肪肝患者血浆瘦素水平

目的探讨瘦素与精神分裂症患者非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)的关系。方法 35例精神分裂症伴NAFLD患者(NAFLD组)测定血浆瘦素;同时测定体质量指数(BMI)、空腹血糖、血脂;以血清甘油三酯和血糖所得简易指数(TyG)评定IR、肝脏超声衰减系数评定NAFLD严重程度,并与35例不伴NAFLD的精神分裂症患者(对照组)进行对照。结果①NAFLD组患者BMI、TG、TC、TyG指数显著高于对照组(t=2.074~8.482,P=0.044~0.000),而HDL-C显著低于对照组(t=2.367,P=0.024);②NAFLD组患者瘦素显著高于对照组(t=7.112,P=0.000),协方差分析调整影响因素后差异仍有显著性(F=5.099,P=0.026);③NAFLD组患者肝脏超声衰减系数值显著高于对照组(t=9.953,P=0.000);④NAFLD组肝脏超声衰减系数值与血浆瘦素水平正相关(r=0.419,P=0.017),偏相关分析调整影响因素后、二者仍正相关(r=0.379,P=0.038)。结论精神分裂症伴NAFLD患者血浆瘦素水平增高,可能与NAFLD的发生机制有关。     

水林佳治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝炎疗效研究

目的：探讨水林佳治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的临床疗效。方法本研究选择的对象为2012年3月~2013年5月收治的78例非酒精性脂肪性肝炎患者,根据患者在治疗过程中采用的药物治疗方案的不同分为两组,对照组患者给予多烯磷脂酰胆碱治疗,观察组患者采用水林佳的治疗。比较两组患者治疗后的血脂指标、肝功能指标的变化以及非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的治疗有效率。结果两组患者治疗前的各肝功能指标ALT、AST、γ-GT进行比较无显著性差异(>0.05),治疗后的各肝功能指标均有显著性差异(<0.05);两组患者治疗前的各血脂指标TG、TC进行比较无显著性差异(>0.05),治疗后的各血脂指标进行比较均有显著性差异(<0.05);对照组与观察组患者治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的治愈率分别为38.5%、61.5%,有效率分别为74.4%、92.3%,两组进行比较有显著性差异(<0.05)。结论综上所述,采用水林佳的治疗方案与单独采用多烯磷酯酰胆碱的治疗方案相比,在对非酒精性脂肪肝炎的治疗过程中,可以有效的改善患者的肝功能指标、血脂指标,显著性的提高患者非酒精性脂肪肝炎的治疗有效率,该药物治疗方案安全、有效,因此值得对其进行更加深入的研究。     

精神分裂症患者伴发代谢综合征的相关因素

目的:探索住院精神分裂症患者伴发代谢综合征的相关因素。方法:抽取5个地区5家医院的住院精神分裂症患者,调查伴发代谢综合征的相关因素。内容包括:年龄、病程、精神病药物与剂量、空腹血糖、血脂等。结果:资料完整的797例住院精神分裂症患者,伴发代谢综合征者共153例(19．2％)。病程长、服用氯氮平、服用药物时间长、高剂量用药患者MS发生率高(P<0．05、P<0．01);L0gistic回归分析显示:代谢综合征的危险因素有高龄、服用氯氮平、CRP浓度偏高、吸烟、服用抗精神病药物时间长。结论:影响住院精神分裂症患者伴发代谢综合征的相关因素有氯氮平、病程、用药时间、吸烟等。     

非酒精性脂肪肝病患者血清降钙素原、CRP水平及意义的研究

目的 探讨非酒精性脂肪肝病(NAFLD)患者血清降钙素原(PCI)、CRP水平及意义.方法 分别测定50例NAFLD患者(20例非酒精性脂肪肝(NASH)、27例单纯性脂肪肝(SS)和3例局灶性脂肪肝)和50例健康对照组的体重指数(BMI)、肝功能指标、胰岛素、CKP及PCT水平,比较各个指标在NAFLD组和对照组之间的差异.结果 NASH患者、SS患者与正常对照组比较,血清PCT水平无显著性差异(0.06±0.01,0.04±0.01 V.s0.06±0.01=g/mL,P>0.05),血清CRP水平在NASH患者、SS患者显著高于健康对照组(7.5±1.6,5.2±2.5 V.s2.9±0.5mg/mL,P<0.01),3例局灶性脂肪肝患者CRP水平在正常范围.结论 NAFLD组患者较正常组血清PCT水平无明显升高,血清CRP可作为诊断NAFLD的一个辅助性指标.     

声辐射力脉冲技术联合肝功能及血脂指标在非酒精性脂肪性肝病风险预测中的应用

目的 探讨声辐射力脉冲成像 (ARFI)中声触诊组织量化(VTQ)技术联合肝功能及血脂指标在非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)风险预测中的临床诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析 2016年9月—2017年12月在马鞍山市人民医院,行弹性超声检查、多层螺旋CT(MSCT)检查及实验室检查的189例住院患者临床资料, 以2010年《非酒精性脂肪性肝病诊疗指南》为指导,结合MSCT检查结果,将研究对象分成非肝病组[61例,男36例,女25例,年龄41~68(57±14)岁]和NAFLD组[128例,男61例,女67例,年龄37~71(60±14 )岁]。分析VTQ、肝功能及血脂指标在非肝病组与NAFLD组之间的差异。依据logistic回归独立因素的回归系数绘制列线图模型,并采用Bootstrap自抽样方法对列线图模型进行内部验证,构建预测NAFLD的风险评估模型。结果 NAFLD组与对照组年龄、性别差异均无统计学意义(P值均＜0.05)。NAFLD组的肝VTQ、肝脾VTQ的比值、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)和三酰甘油(TG)均高于对照组,而高密度脂蛋白(HDL)低于对照组(P值均＜0.05);其余变量均无统计学差异(P值均＞0.05)。多因素logistic回归结果表明,肝VTQ (OR=8.054, 95%CI 2.117~30.639)、ALT(OR=1.037, 95%CI 1.007~1.068)和TG (OR 1.500,95%CI 1.042~2.159) 为NAFLD的独立危险因素(P值均＜0.05)。肝VTQ、ALT和TG作为因变量构建列线图,一致性系数为0.763。结论 VTQ作为一种无创性检查方法,可有效诊断NAFLD。 肝VTQ技术联合血清ALT和TG化验检查能较准确地预测患者发生NAFLD的风险值。     

血清IL-18与脂肪肝的相关性研究

目的：探讨白细胞介素-18（IL-18）在脂肪肝中的作用及其临床意义。方法：应用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测39例酒精性脂肪肝（AFLD）、39例非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）和30例正常对照组（NC）的血清IL-18的水平;以及生化方法检测血脂（TG）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、γ-谷氨酰转移酶（GGT）、总胆红素（TBIL）的水平,测量身高、体重,腹围,并计算体重指数（BMI）。结果：AFLD、NAFLD组血清IL-18的水平与NC组比较分别有极显著差异（P〈0.001）及显著差异（P〈0.05）;而且,此两组间比较亦有显著差异（P〈0.05）;脂肪肝患者血清ALT、GGT、TG及腹围、BMI与NC组比较均有显著差异（P〈0.05）;脂肪肝患者血清IL-18与ALT、GGT、TBIL、TG、BMI及腹围均呈正相关关系。结论：IL-18在脂肪肝的发病机制中具有重要的作用,其水平与脂肪肝患者肝损伤的严重程度有密切关系,它可以作为辅助诊断脂肪肝及判断其肝损伤严重程度的一个指标。有针对性地应用IL-18抗体将有望成为治疗脂肪肝的有效干预手段。     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

What will studies of Fulani individuals naturally exposed to malaria teach us about protective immunity to malaria?

There are an estimated over 200 million yearly cases of malaria worldwide. Despite concerted international effort to combat the disease, it still causes approximately half a million deaths every year, the majority of which are young children with Plasmodium falciparum infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Successes are largely attributed to malaria prevention strategies, such as insecticide-treated mosquito nets and indoor spraying, as well as improved access to existing treatments. One important hurdle to new approaches for the treatment and prevention of malaria is our limited understanding of the biology of Plasmodium infection and its complex interaction with the immune system of its human host. Therefore, the elimination of malaria in Africa not only relies on existing tools to reduce malaria burden, but also requires fundamental research to develop innovative approaches. Here, we summarize our discoveries from investigations of ethnic groups of West Africa who have different susceptibility to malaria.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The case for allele‐specific recognition by the TCR

There is a sharp difference in how one views TCR structure–function–behaviour dependent on whether its recognition of major histocompatibility complex‐encoded restriction elements (R) is germline selected or somatically generated. The generally accepted or Standard model is built on the assumption that recognition of R is by the V regions of the αβ TCR, which is not driven by allele specificity, whereas the competing model posits that recognition of R is allele‐specific. The establishing of allele‐specific recognition of R by the TCR would rule out the Standard model and clear the road to a consideration of a competing construct, the Tritope model. Here, the case for allele‐specific recognition (germline selected) is detailed making it obvious that the Standard model is untenable.