精神分裂症子女个性行为特征的对照研究

目的 探索材神分裂症子女的个性和行为特征。方法 分别用艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)和Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)，对研究组53例精神分裂症子女，对照组50例正常儿童评定。结果 两组儿童EPQ各项因子分无显著差异，在CBCL分析中，研究组退缩、社交问题和内向因子分显著高于对照组。研究组男童焦虑抑郁，女童躯体主诉分值也显著高于对照组。结论 精神分裂症子女个性无异常。存在有内向，退缩．社交困难等行为问题．应对其早期干预。     

性早熟女童智力、自我意识和行为问题分析

目的:探讨性早熟对女童智力、自我意识、行为问题有无影响.方法:采用瑞文标准推理测验对35例特发性真性早熟女童及正常女童测定智力,同时采用Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表测定自我意识(PHCSS),Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)进行行为评定.结果:①性早熟女童的平均智商(120.8±14.5)显著高于对照组(109.2±19.9);②性早熟女童自我意识总分、行为、躯体外貌与属性三项得分显著低于对照组;③性早熟女童在抑郁、社交退缩、体诉、攻击性、内向因子、外向因子方面得分高于对照组,差异显著.结论:性早熟女童的智力水平高于正常女童;性早熟女童的自我意识低于正常女童;性早熟女童存在抑郁、社交退缩、体诉、违纪、攻击性等行为问题.     

34名沉缅电子游戏儿童的心理行为及相关因素调查分析

目的 :探讨电子游戏依赖性儿童的心理、行为及家庭环境特点。方法 :选择用艾森克问卷(EPQ) ,Achenbach儿童行为量表 (CBCL) ,家庭环境量表 (FES)分别对 3 4例电子游戏依赖性儿童及 3 4例正常儿童进行评定。结果 :电子游戏依赖性儿童在EPQ量表的P分、L分 ,CBCL量表的社交情况、学校情况、退缩、焦虑 抑郁、社会问题、违纪问题、攻击性行为、内向性行为问题、外向性行为问题、行为问题总分的得分均显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。在FES -CV量表中的亲密度、情感表达、娱乐性、组织性、控制性得分均低于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而在家庭的矛盾性得分显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :电子游戏依赖性儿童有较多的心理、行为问题 ,某些家庭环境因素可能是儿童电子游戏依赖性的原发和促动因素之一。     

国际救援儿童村儿童个性行为的分析研究

目的 探讨国际救援(SOS)儿童村抚养方式对儿童个性行为的影响.方法 将南昌市SOS儿童村7～15岁儿童64名为研究组,随机抽取7～15岁普通双亲家庭儿童70名为对照组,使用艾森克个性问卷一儿童版(EPQ)和Achenbach's儿童行为量表(CBCL)对两组儿童进行测评,并对两组结果进行比较.结果 EPQ分值显示SO...     

学龄期儿童社会能力和适应行为的分析

目的初步探讨学龄期儿童社会能力和适应行为特点。方法在南昌市6～16岁儿童中随机抽取228名儿童,采用徐韬园教授的Achenbach`s儿童行为量表(CBCL)(家长用)和学龄期儿童适应行为评定量表(家长版)进行测评。结果男女儿童社会能力和适应技能没有显著差异(t=1.481,-1.554,-0.991,-1.746,-1.065,-0.794,-0.470,-1.931;P0.05);男女儿童行为问题总粗分没有显著差异(t=1.250,P0.05),就具体行为问题因子而言,多动(χ2=8.216,P=0.008)、违纪(χ2=6.493,P=0.024)、攻击性(χ2=5.298,P=0.043)男童明显多于女童,抑郁(χ2=31.002,P=0.000)、体述(χ2=8.016,P=0.008)女童明显多于男童。结论男女儿童社会能力和适应行为没有显著的差异,但都存在一些行为问题。     

儿童社会退缩行为与父母婚姻质量的关系

目的:探讨2~3岁儿童社会退缩行为与父母婚姻质量的关系,以期为儿童社会退缩行为的干预提供依据和指导。方法:采用随机整群抽样的方法抽取深圳市404名儿童及其家长,通过Achenbach儿童行为量表、中国人婚姻质量量表对儿童退缩行为、父母婚姻质量进行调查。结果:儿童社会退缩行为异常的检出率为23.51%,男童检出率(27.12%)与女童的检出率(18.45%)差异具统计学意义(χ2=4.908,P0.05)。具有社会退缩行为儿童的父母婚姻质量总分及父母性格相容、夫妻交流、化解冲突、经济安排、业余活动、子女与婚姻、亲友关系、生活观念8个因子的均值均低于无社会退缩行为儿童的父母(P0.05)。同时,社会退缩行为与父母婚姻质量总分及其除情感与性生活、家庭角色外的其余8个因子均呈负相关(P0.05);多因素分析结果显示,业余活动以及亲友关系对儿童社会退缩行为有影响(t=-4.726,-2.698;P0.01)。结论:儿童早期社会退缩行为与父母婚姻质量有关,婚姻质量高的父母其子女退缩行为检出率较低。     

儿童精神分裂症患者病前行为问题与病后脑室扩大的关系

目的:调查儿童精神分裂症患者病前行为问题与病后脑室扩大的关系。方法:选择92例儿童精神分裂症患者作为研究对象,采用Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL),回顾性调查患者在4~5岁年龄段的行为特征。用行为问题总分的中位数将患者分为行为问题高分组和低分组,用CT测量患者的脑室参数。结果:儿童精神分裂症患者组CBCL社会能力总分(t=-2.690,P0.05)低于对照组;行为问题总分、抑郁因子分、社交退缩因子分、多动因子分及攻击性因子分(Z=-3.144,-3.370,-3.248,-2.862,-2.349;P0.05)均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。行为问题总分高分组患者哈氏值及三脑室宽度(t=2.726,5.221;P0.05)均大于低分组患者,脑室指数及前角指数(t=-2.760,-2.166;P0.05)均小于低分组患者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。分裂强迫因子分与脑室指数(rs=-0.219,P=0.036)呈负相关,抑郁因子分与三脑室宽度呈正相关(rs=0.297,P=0.004),社交退缩因子分与脑室指数(rs=-0.276,P=0.008)及前角指数(rs=-0.229,P=0.028)均呈负相关,多动因子分与前角指数(rs=-0.311,P=0.003)呈负相关,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:儿童精神分裂症患者脑室扩大与病前行为问题存在相关关系,病前行为问题越多,病后脑室扩大和脑结构异常越明显。     

青春期发育提前女童行为问题的病例对照研究

目的:探讨青春期发育提前女童,即真性性早熟及单纯乳房早发育对女童行为问题的影响及相关因素.方法:采用Achenbach儿童行为量表、家庭环境量表及家庭情况调查表对真性性早熟女童46例,单纯乳房早发育女童46例及同龄正常女童50例进行评定.结果:1.真性性早熟组、单纯早发育组、对照组行为问题检出率分别为45.7%、34.8%、16.0%,两组早发育女童均高于对照组(x2=9.99、4.51,P分别为0.002和0.034),两组早发育组间检出率差异无统计学意义(x2=1.13,P=0.288).2.两组发育提前的女童行为问题总分平均秩次(91.2、82.3)显著高于对照组(43.4),抑郁、体诉、社交退缩等因子得分亦显著高于对照组(如抑郁因子分89.2,79.1/48.2).3.Tanner分期与抑郁、社交退缩、体诉、违纪、内向因子、外向因子方面呈正相关(r=0.37～0.47,P＜0.05).4.家庭环境因素中矛盾性、娱乐性影响行为问题评分(β=0.3、0.4).结论:1.两类发育提前女童行为问题均多于正常女童.2.单纯早发育女童与真性性早熟女童相比,行为问题仍较严重.3.乳房增大可能是引起发育提前女童行为异常的危险因素.     

6～11岁肥胖儿童行为问题调查

目的：调查6～11岁肥胖儿章行为问题。方法：采用Achenbach’s儿童行为量表（CBCL），对安徽省安庆市与铜陵市111名调查对象进行问卷调查。结果：肥胖儿童行为问题发生率为36．94％，男、女分别为40．38％和33．90％，性别间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。4～16岁正常儿童青少年行为问题总发生率为12．97％（男童13．44％、女童12．52％），肥胖儿童整体及按性别比较，行为问题发生率均较高（u分别为7．52、5．70和4．96，P均〈0．01）。男童行为问题各因子发生率由高到低依次为：强迫行为34．62％、分裂焦虑23．08％、抑郁19．23％、体诉15．39％、交往不良13．46％、社交退缩9．62％、多动9．62％、攻击性9．62％和违纪表现5．77％，各因子发生率差异有统计学意义（X^2=25．25，P〈0．05）；女童行为问题各因子发生率依次为：分裂强迫23．73％、抑郁11．86％、多动10．17％、性问题10．17％、体诉848％、攻击性8．48％、社交退缩6．78％、残忍表现6．78％和违纪表现5．09％，差别有统计学意义（X^2=15．59，P〈0．05）。男、女童共有的6个行为问题因子：社交退缩、多动、体诉、违纪表现、攻击性、抑郁，无性别差异（P均〉0．05）。结论：肥胖儿童行为问题发生率远远高于全国4～16岁儿童青少年，肥胖男童主要表现在强迫行为、分裂焦虑、抑郁、体诉、交件不良，女童主要表现在分裂强迫、抑郁、多动、性问题。     

单亲家庭子女个性特征和行为问题对照研究

目的 探索单亲家庭子女的个性特征和行为问题。方法 采用心理健康测查表（MMPI简化表）和Achenbach儿童行为量表（CBCL）,对50例单亲家庭儿童及50例完整家庭儿童进行评定。结果 研究组儿童具有抑郁、焦虑、脱离现实等性格特点,在CBCL分析中,研究组退缩、社交问题、焦虑抑郁分值显著高于对照组,其中男童更为显著。结论 单亲家庭子女存在有个性及行为缺陷,应早期进行干预。     

Anxiety in children: Perceived family environments and observed family interaction

Assessed differences between families with a child diagnosed with anxiety disorder and control families on self-report measures of parenting and independent observers' ratings of family interaction. Children rated their parents, and parents rated themselves on the parental variables of warmth/acceptance and psychological autonomy/control. Similar constructs were rated by independent observers of family interaction generated via a revealed differences discussion task. Parents of children with anxiety disorders were rated by observers as less granting of psychological autonomy than controls. In addition, children with anxiety disorders rated both their mothers and fathers as less accepting than control children rated their parents. Results are discussed in terms of socialization, family systems, and attachment theories regarding the tolerance and acceptance of different and/or negative emotions within families. The possible relation of family interaction styles to the internalizing disorders in childhood is explored.     

Psychosomatic disorders in children: Structural family therapy

Structural family therapy has proved effective in Severe childhood and adolescent psychosomatic disorders unresponsive to medical management or other forms of psychotherapy. The authors review a psychosomatic research project and the profile of the family that developed from it, and describe how principles of structural family therapy are applied to treatment of childhood psychosomatic disorders.     

Renovascular hypertension in three children from one family

Hypertension as a result of stenosis of a renal artery was diagnosed in three patients, aged 20, 17, and 9 respectively, among 14 siblings from one family. The oldest patient was treated by vasoplasty; a hypoplastic kidney had previously been removed in an unsuccessful attempt to control hypertension. Nephrectomy was performed in the other two patients. The pathological picture of the main renal artery that could be examined differed from that usually seen in the fibromuscular dysplasia group. The absence of microscopic signs of atrophy in the small kidneys behind the stenosis argues for a developmental defect. More than three years after operation blood pressure and renal function in all three patients have remained normal.     

儿童肥胖症的综合干预研究

本文以３３例１２－１４岁的青春前期单纯性肥胖儿童为治疗组，另设同性别、同年龄的肥胖对照组２９例和正常体重对照组３２例作对比研究。治疗前对三组儿童均进行体格测量及生化检测，只对肥胖治疗组儿童进行综合性干预，包括家庭行为疗法、饮食指导和运动训练，为肥胖儿童制定减肥计划，内含中介行为、目标行为、奖惩手段、制约方法等，由专业人员定期家访指导，学校老师监督执行。经过二年的治疗观察，肥胖治疗组儿童肥胖度明显下降，身高的增长与正常对照组儿童一致，接受治疗的肥胖儿童血压、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、体脂含量均有不同程度的降低，不良饮食、运动行为得到不同程度的矫正，体育成绩提高，热卡摄入量比治疗前有所减少，而肥胖对照组儿童上述各指标无明显变化。     

The family doctor and children with special educational needs.

Twenty three of the 1548 children registered with a group practice were found to have special educational needs. Only half of these children were known by the health visitor attached to the practice to have such needs. Ten of the 17 children attending school had no reference to their special needs in their case notes. Irregular attendance and poor immunization records indicated a lack of anticipatory care within the practice. Children with a physical handicap, in particular, attended their family doctor much less frequently than normal children or those with a mental disability. Improved care in recent years coincided with the establishment of developmental surveillance within the practice.     

精神分裂症儿童的父母养育方式与家庭动力学特征

目的:探讨精神分裂症儿童父母养育方式与家庭动力学特征的关系,为探索如何通过改善养育方式促进家庭动力学特征良性互动提供依据.方法:选取符合中国精神障碍分类方案与诊断标准第3版(CCMD-3)相应的诊断标准的精神分裂症儿童84例,选取性别、年龄匹配的正常儿童84例.对两组儿童采用系统家庭动力学自评问卷(SSFD)评定家庭动力学特征的4个维度,用父母养育方式评价量表(EMBU)评定父母养育方式11个因子.结果:精神分裂症组的SSFD家庭气氛[(26.1 ±7.3) vs.(22.5±6.9),P＜0.01)]、系统逻辑维度[(16.9 ±4.6) vs.(15.1±3.5),P＜0.05]得分高于正常对照组,EMBU的母亲情感温暖因子得分低于正常对照组[(53.3±10.6)vs.(56.6±9.6),P＜0.05],父亲偏爱被试因子得分高于正常组[(12.1±2.8)vs.(10.9±3.3),P＜0.01].多元线性回归分析显示,EMBU中父母情感温暖和理解因子与SSFD中家庭气氛(β=-0.23、-0.28)、个性化(β=-0.26、-0.20)、疾病观念(β=-0.09、-0.09)得分均呈负相关(均P＜0.05),EMBU中父亲过分干涉得分与SSFD中个性化得分呈正相关(β=0.46,P＜0.01),母亲过分干涉、过度保护得分与SSFD中个性化、系统逻辑得分呈正相关(β=0.28、0.18,均P＜0.05)；EMBU中母亲拒绝、否认因子与SSFD中家庭气氛维度呈正相关(β=0.52,P＜0.01).结论:精神分裂症儿童的家庭动力学特征和父母养育方式与正常儿童存在差异,父母低情感温暖和理解或过分干涉、过度保护、拒绝否认的养育方式可能与家庭动力学不良的互动模式相关.     

Representations of family relationships in children living with custodial grandparents

Children's representations of family relationships were examined in relation to grandparent responsivity and depression, family sociodemographic risks, and children's behavior problems in custodial grandparent families. Using multiple methods, data were collected from 79 families with children aged 3 to 7.5 years. In 37 families, children were raised by grandparents as the result of maternal incarceration and, in 42 families, children lived with grandparents because of other parental problems. Results indicated that children with representations of less optimal family relationships and children whose grandparents were less responsive to them at home were more likely to exhibit externalizing behavior problems. In addition, children were more likely to include relationship violence in their story stem enactments when grandparents reported elevated depressive symptoms. Results suggest links among grandparent depression, quality of children's family relationships, and children's behavior problems in grandparent-headed households.