Small bowel intussusception in adults

Intussusception is the telescoping of a proximal segment of the gastrointestinal tract into an adjacent distal segment. This rare form of bowel obstruction occurs infrequently in adults. We report a case of small bowel intussusception in an adult male patient. We have also performed a literature review of this rare condition.     

成人肠套叠16例诊治分析

目的　总结分析成人肠套叠的临床特点和治疗措施。方法　通过 16例成人肠套叠的临床表现 ,结合B型超声、CT及气钡灌肠检查 ,作出早期诊断 ,并实行手术治疗。结果　 4例入院即确诊 ,9例 4d内确诊 ,3例剖腹探查确诊 ,均手术一期切除肿物 ,痊愈出院。结论　对成人肠套叠作出早期诊断、早手术治疗 ,并争取一期根治术 ,可减少肠坏死、肠穿孔等并发症发生 ,且疗效良好。     

Factors associated with ultrasound-guided water enema reduction for pediatric intussusception in resource-limited setting: potential predictive role of thrombocytosis and anemia

Background/purpose

Although ultrasound-guided hydrostatic reduction (USGHR) is increasingly used in managing pediatric intussusception, there is limited literature concerning its use in Malaysia. We aim to examine the experience and factors associated with the effectiveness of USGHR using water.

Solitary intestinal neurofibroma with no associated systemic syndromes causing intussusception: Case report and literature review

INTRODUCTIONThe isolated presence of neurofibromatous lesions in the gastrointestinal tract, with no associated systemic syndromes, is a rarely reported clinical entity.PRESENTATION OF CASEA 48-year-old lady, with no history of neurofibromatosis or other systemic disease, presented with small bowel obstruction secondary to an ileo-ileal intussusception induced by an isolated ileal neurofibromatous mass. The patient underwent a segmental enterectomy and after a smooth recovery, she was put on a long-term follow-up schedule.DISCUSSIONThis article presents a review of the literature of this area clinical entity. Very few reports of gastrointestinal isolated neurofibromas could be found. Similarly, extra-digestive isolated lesions have been rarely reported.CONCLUSIONIsolated ileal neurofibroma is a rare pathological entity. The clinical significance of such a diagnosis lies mainly in the need of further follow up of these patients as the bowel involvement could be the first manifestation of neurofibromatosis type 1 or multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2b.     

Factors determining the need for operative reduction in children with intussusception: a population-based study

Aim

The objective of this study is to determine if children presenting to a nonteaching hospital were at greater risk for operative reduction of intussusception than those presenting to a teaching hospital.

Methods

This population-based 8-year study included all children younger than 6 years with intussusception in the province of Ontario, Canada. Multiple logistic regression was used to model markers for operative reduction including age, sex, coexisting conditions, hospital type, and interhospital transfers.

Results

Of the 961 children with intussusception, 25.4% had operative reduction. Risk factors for operative reduction were a diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum and transfer from one institution to another after the initial diagnosis. One hundred forty-eight (15.4%) were transferred. Of those transferred and initially admitted to a nonteaching hospital, 87.4% (125/143) were transferred to a teaching hospital. Risk of operative reduction was higher in children transferred more than 1 day after admission (52.0% vs 39.0%). Odds ratios after adjusting for age, sex, and hospital type were 1.95 (95% confidence interval, 1.28-2.98; P < . 001) for those transferred on the same day and 3.31 (95% confidence interval, 1.34-7.28; P < .01) for those transferred after 24 hours.

Conclusion

Children who were presented to a nonteaching hospital and later transferred to a teaching hospital were at greater risk for operative reduction of intussusception, in particular, those who were transferred more than 1 day after admission. These data underline the importance of early diagnosis and timely management of intussusception.     

腹腔镜二孔法小儿肠套叠整复术

【摘要】 目的 探讨腹腔镜二孔法小儿肠套叠整复术的可行性及手术经验。方法〓2009年6月至2014年6月期间,32例空气灌肠复位失败或复位成功后复发的肠套叠患儿行腹腔镜二孔法肠套叠整复术,回顾患儿临床资料,对比二孔法复位成功和中转开腹复位两组患儿的年龄、起病时间、套叠类型、套头长度、合并病变等资料,分析影响腹腔镜下复位成功率的因素。结果〓32例患儿中24例应用腹腔镜二孔法肠套叠整复术复位成功,成功率75%,包括3例复发性肠套叠患儿。腹腔镜探查发现其中2例合并梅克尔憩室。其余8例需扩大脐部伤口中转开腹复位,中转手术原因包括:肠管穿孔或坏死后套叠肠管粘连4例、回肠息肉套头内嵌顿1例、套头过长3例。中转患儿的套头长度和合并病变占比明显长于腔镜复位组,其差异有统计学意义,而患儿年龄、起病时间及术后并发症两组间的差异无统计学意义。结论〓腹腔镜二孔法肠套叠整复术具有手术微创、成功率高的优点,掌握好适应症后可成为空气灌肠复位失败的非重症患儿和复发性肠套叠患儿优先选择的手术方法;套头长度和合并病变可能是影响二孔法复位成功率的因素。     

The role of laparoscopy in the management of childhood intussusception

apd: 6 February 2001     

Citrulline levels following proximal versus distal small bowel resection

Purpose

Citrulline, a nonprotein amino acid synthesized by enterocytes, is a biomarker of bowel length and the capacity to wean from parenteral nutrition. However, the potentially variant effect of jejunal versus ileal excision on plasma citrulline concentration [CIT] has not been studied. This investigation compared serial serum [CIT] and mucosal adaptive potential after proximal versus distal small bowel resection.

Methods

Enterally fed Sprague-Dawley rats underwent sham operation or 50% small bowel resection, either proximal (PR) or distal (DR). [CIT] was measured at operation and weekly for 8 weeks. At necropsy, histologic features reflecting bowel adaptation were evaluated.

Results

By weeks 6–7, [CIT] in both resection groups significantly decreased from baseline (P < 0.05) and was significantly lower than the concentration in sham animals (P < 0.05). There was no difference in [CIT] between PR and DR at any point. Villus height and crypt density were higher in the PR than in the DR group (P ≤ 0.02).

Conclusion

[CIT] effectively differentiates animals undergoing major bowel resection from those with preserved intestinal length. The region of intestinal resection was not a determinant of [CIT]. The remaining bowel in the PR group demonstrated greater adaptive potential histologically. [CIT] is a robust biomarker for intestinal length, irrespective of location of small intestine lost.     

Community teaching hospital surgical experience with adult intussusception: Study of nine cases and literature review

IntroductionAlthough more commonly thought of as a surgical problem affecting children, surgeons evaluating the adult acute abdomen should remain vigilante in diagnosing intussusception. In this case series, we reviewed 6 years of medical records at a community teaching hospital in order to analyze the etiology, presentation, and management of nine cases of adult intussusception.Presentation of casesMost of the patients in our series shared symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Computed tomography scan was crucial in distinguishing adult intussusception from other causes of acute abdomen. Eight patients underwent operative exploration, five of whom underwent bowel resection. One patient’s symptoms resolved with no surgical intervention. All nine patients had excellent outcomes.DiscussionAlthough detailed history and physical examination are essential in all cases of acute abdomen, CT scan findings of “target” signs are pathognomonic of intussusception. Laparoscopy should be strongly considered in select cases. Current literature suggests that reduction may be performed before resection if the lesion meets certain stringent parameters. The primary concern with regards to reduction before resection is potential embolization of malignant cells. Colonic intussusception is almost always treated with resection without reduction, while small intestinal intussusception could be treated by reduction before resection, if the small bowel lead points are less likely to be malignant.ConclusionIntussusception is a rare but serious etiology of the acute abdomen in adults. Each case should be evaluated independently according to the specific type of lead-point lesion. Excellent outcomes may be anticipated with prompt diagnosis and surgical treatment.     

Intrauterine intussusception: a rare cause of intestinal atresia

Intrauterine intussusception is an uncommon cause of intestinal atresia. We report a case of ileal atresia owing to antenatal intussusception revealed as an intraluminal polypoid lesion after surgical intervention.     

腹腔镜诊断和治疗小肠不全梗阻的临床研究

目的探讨腹腔镜诊断和治疗小肠不全梗阻的可行性、有效性及安全性。方法回顾性分析我院2003年2月-2007年6月因小肠梗阻接受腹腔镜治疗53例的临床资料。结果本组53例中,完成腹腔镜肠粘连分解术33例;行腹腔镜肠粘连分解术及相应肠道手术18例,其中,纯腹腔镜手术11例,腹腔镜下切口定位并开放手术7例。中转开腹手术2例。腹腔镜探查诊断率达98．11％。术后有8例发生不同类型的并发症。结论腹腔镜诊断和治疗小肠不全梗阻是安全、可行的,可以选择性应用于部分小肠不全梗阻病例。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术后早期肠梗阻的治疗

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术后早期肠梗阻的特点及治疗原则。方法回顾性分析我院1996年~2005年收治的腹腔镜胆囊切除术后早期肠梗阻5例的临床资料。结果本组5例经胃肠减压、抗感染、应用生长抑素等治疗后均治愈。平均治疗时间6.6 d。无肠坏死发生。结论腹腔镜胆囊切除术后早期肠梗阻临床少见,除外胆漏、套管孔疝等情况,保守治疗效果明显,可避免再次手术。     

Laparoscopic reduction of an ileoileal intussusception and resection of an inverted Meckel's diverticulum in an adult

Intussusception occurs commonly in children, but rarely is observed in adults. Whereas the hydrostatic pressure of a contrast enema often proves diagnostic as well as therapeutic in infants and children, resection usually is required for an underlying bowel pathology in older children and adults. Conventionally, the resection is accomplished at laparotomy. We report the case of a 20-year-old woman who presented with diarrhea and vomiting of 1 week duration. She was found unexpectedly to have intussusception on abdominal ultrasonography. The intussusception was laparoscopically reduced, and a segment of the middle small bowel that harbored an inverted Meckels diverticulum was resected laparoscopically, after which an intracorporeal anastomosis was fashioned. The ileus resolved on postoperative day 4, and the patient was discharged from hospital on postoperative day 5. The role of the laparoscopic approach in the management of intussusception is discussed.     

Laparoscopic resolution of intussusception after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

Introduction

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) has been the most common surgical operation used to treat obesity and its inherent co-morbidities. Intussusception with bowel obstruction after RYGB is a rare complication and its physiopathology remains unclear. The diagnosis is generally based on typical image of computed tomography (CT) scan and a surgical exploration is generally recommended.

Comparative outcome analysis of the management of pediatric intussusception with or without surgical admission

Background

Controversy persists about the need to admit patients after successful reduction of intussusception. Our hypothesis is that pediatric intussusception can be managed with discharge from the emergency department (ED) after reduction without increasing morbidity, yielding significant cost savings.

Methods

A chart review over 10 years was performed at two Canadian institutions. Data abstracted included: demographics, length of stay (LOS), initial and recurrence management. Primary outcome was early recurrence and resultant management, including LOS and need for operative intervention. Costs were calculated using hospital-specific data.

Results

584 patient records were assessed: 329 patients were managed with admission after reduction, 239 as outpatients. In the admission group, 28 patients had at least one recurrence (8.5%), with 8 after discharge. In the outpatient group, 21 patients had at least one recurrence (8.8%), with 19 after discharge. The difference post-discharge was significant (p = 0.004). Outcomes of recurrence did not differ, with 2 patients in each group requiring operative intervention. Average LOS in the admission group was 90 h, with additional average cost of $1771 per non-operated patient.

Conclusions

Pediatric intussusception can be safely managed as an outpatient with reliable follow up. Discharge from the ED reduces hospital charges without increasing morbidity. This approach should be considered in managing patients with intussusception.     

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome following small bowel resection

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome is a rare cause of mechanical intestinal obstruction. It results from compression of the third part of the duodenum between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta. It has been described in association with a variety of clinical conditions, including prolonged supine immobilization, application of a body cast, ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, abdominal aortic aneurysm, spinal surgery and severe weight loss. We present a case of superior mesenteric artery syndrome following resection of a primary adenocarcinoma of the small bowel.     

Intestinal testis tumor metastasis as a cause of intussusception: A case report

We report on an extraordinary testicular tumour causing intussusception with its intestinal metastases. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

左半结肠癌梗阻急诊一期切除吻合术中两种肠道清洁方式的比较

目的探讨左半结肠急性恶性梗阻选择性一期切除吻合的简单、有效的术中肠道准备方式。方法 2000年1月至2009年12月收治左半结肠急性恶性梗阻63例,其中行选择性左半结肠一期切除吻合31例。根据术中肠道准备方式不同,把31例随机分为术中肠减压+结肠灌洗16例(A组)、单纯肠减压15例(B组),记录2组平均手术时间,术后吻合口漏发生率、手术感染率及手术死亡率。结果 A组手术时间为(230±20)min,手术感染率为31.3%。B组手术时间为(150±10)min,手术感染率为26.7%,两组均无吻合口漏及手术死亡病例。两组比较,平均手术时间差异有统计学意义(P0.01),手术感染率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论单纯充分肠减压在左半结肠急性梗阻选择性一期切除吻合的应用,是一种简单、有效、安全的术中肠道准备方式。     

Utility of hospital admission after successful enema reduction of ileocolic intussusception

Background

In-hospital observation of 24 to 48 hours has been the standard practice after successful enema reduction (ER) of ileocolic intussusceptions, but this practice has not been validated. We evaluated retrospectively the safety of short-term emergency department observation.

Methods

Between April 2000 and October 2004, 121 patients presented to the emergency department with ileocolic intussusception, and all had ER attempts.

Results

Ninety-six patients had successful reduction, 25 were excluded for failed reduction or unconfirmed diagnosis, and another 16 needed observation anyway for high white blood count or persistent postreduction pain. Of the remaining 80 patients, the mean time from symptoms to reduction was 45.9 hours (4 hours to 10 days). All patients, except one, were admitted for observation for a mean period of 1.6 days (8 hours to 6.5 days). No complications were associated with air ER; however, 6 (7.5%) patients had reintussusception during the observation period and 5 (6.3%) recurred after discharge. The mean intervals for recurrence postreduction were 17.8 hours and 14.5 months with no mortality or morbidity in either.

Conclusions

Short-term emergency department observation could be a safe practice in more than 90% of the selected cases, recurrence of intussusception outside the hospital is not associated with unfavorable outcome, and routine admission is not warranted.     

Emergency department discharge following successful radiologic reduction of ileocolic intussusception in children: A protocol based prospective observational study

PurposePediatric intussusception's first line treatment consists of fluoroscopic guided air enema reduction. Postprocedure, these patients are usually admitted overnight for observation. The purpose of our study was to document the results of emergency department (ED) observation and discharge protocol after successful reduction of ileocolic intussusception.MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted after implementation of an ED protocol for ileocolic intussusception from 10/2014 to 7/2017 and compared these patients to a historical cohort immediately prior to protocol initiation (10/2011–9/2014). Data collected included demographics, total time in the ED and hospital, enema reduction, recurrence, and requirement for operative intervention. Results reported as means with standard deviation and medians reported with interquartile ranges (IQR).Results115 patients were treated with the prospective protocol and were compared to a 90 patient historical cohort. Reduction was successful in 84%–89% of cases. Median hospital time after enema was shorter in the protocol group [4.8 h (4.25, 14.97) versus 19.7 h (13.9, 33.45), p < 0.01]. Only 33% of patients were admitted following the protocol; the most common admission reason was persistent abdominal discomfort.ConclusionED observation and discharge after successful air enema reduction in children with ileocolic intussusception are safe, facilitate early discharge, and reduce hospital resource utilization.Level of evidenceIII.