心房颤动患者射频消融术后“空白期”生活掌控感现状及影响因素

目的 调查房颤患者射频消融术后"空白期"生活掌控感现状并分析其影响因素,为患者制订康复方案提供参考.方法 采用一般资料调查表、个人生活掌控感量表、简化版疾病感知问卷、领悟社会支持量表对204例射频消融术后"空白期"房颤患者进行问卷调查.结果 房颤患者射频消融术后"空白期"生活掌控感总得分20.75±5.86;疾病感知总得分52.50±12.42;社会支持总得分65.58±9.90.多元逐步回归分析结果显示,文化程度、家庭收入、房颤病程、并存疾病数、疾病感知、社会支持是患者术后"空白期"生活掌控感的影响因素(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 房颤患者射频消融术后"空白期"生活掌控感水平较低,医护人员应多关注低文化程度、低经济收入、短病程、有合并症的患者;通过个性化健康教育引导患者减轻负性情绪,改善负向疾病感知,促进患者生活掌控感水平提升和生活质量改善.     

实时三维经食管超声心动图定量评价心房颤动患者左心耳形态及功能

目的探讨实时三维经食管超声心动图(RT-3D-TEE)定量评估心房颤动(AF)患者左心耳(LAA)形态和功能的可行性。方法选取56例拟接受射频消融术的阵发性AF患者(阵发组)、26例持续性AF患者(持续组)及同期11名健康人(对照组),采用RT-3D-TEE测量3组LAA各参数。结果与对照组比较,阵发组LAA舒张末期容积(LAA-EDV)、收缩末期容积(LAA-ESV)、开口最大面积(A_(max))及最小面积(A_(min))均增大,射血分数(LAA-EF)、最大排空速度(Vep)、面积变化率(A%)及直径变化率(D%)均减小(P均0.05);持续组LAA-EDV、LAA-ESV、A_(max)、A_(min)增大,LAA-EF、Vep、A%、D%减小(P均0.05);阵发组与持续组间各参数差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。LAA-EF与ESV (r=-0.73,P0.01)、EDV(r=-0.64,P0.01)、A_(max)(r=-0.36,P0.01)及年龄(r=-0.27,P=0.02)呈负相关,与A%、D%、Vep呈正相关(r=0.86、0.74、0.55,P均0.01),与D_(max)无明显相关(P0.05)。结论 RT-3D-TEE能定量分析AF患者LAA形态及功能变化,对于评估AF患者病情具有一定临床意义。     

Risk factors of atrial fibrillation following off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery: predictive value of C-reactive protein and transfusion requirement

Objectives: Considering the role of inflammatory reaction on the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF), the aim of this study is to investigate perioperative risk factors of AF, as well as to validate the predictive value of high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and transfusion requirement following off-pump coronary bypass surgery (OPCAB) in a prospective and observational trial. Methods: In this cohort, 315 consecutive patients with normal sinus rhythm (NSR) undergoing elective isolated OPCAB are prospectively studied. The patients were classified as either NSR or AF group according to their postoperative rhythm, which was continuously monitored for the first 6 postoperative days. Results: AF developed in 66 patients (19%). Univariate analysis demonstrated old age, pre-existing chronic renal failure, low left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF <30%), highest hsCRP before the onset of AF, vasopressor and inotropic therapy, packed red blood cells (pRBCs) transfusion and amount of chest tube drainage as predictors of postoperative AF. In a stepwise multivariate analysis of these risk factors, low LVEF (odds ratio: 2.88; 95% confidence interval: 1.07–7.75; p = 0.037), highest hsCRP before the onset of AF (odds ratio: 1.06; 95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.11; p = 0.018), vasopressor therapy (odds ratio: 1.93; 95% confidence interval: 1.04–3.57; p = 0.038) and pRBC transfusion (odds ratio: 5.32; 95% confidence interval: 2.80–10.11; p < 0.001) remained as independent predictors of postoperative AF. Conclusions: Prophylactic strategies aimed at AF reduction may also be considered especially in patients with increased transfusion requirement, which showed highest predictive value for postoperative AF.     

双源CT评估心房颤动患者左心房及左心耳结构及功能重构

目的探讨应用双源CT评估心房颤动(AF)患者左心房及左心耳结构及功能改变,分析其与左心耳血栓形成的关系。方法回顾性分析84例AF患者(AF组)及对照组32例的心脏CT资料,以图像后处理软件测量左心房最大、最小容积(LAVmax、LAVmin)及左心耳最大、最小容积(LAAVmax、LAAVmin),计算左心房射血分数(LAEF)及左心耳射血分数(LAAEF)。根据临床症状将AF组患者分为阵发性AF亚组及持续性AF亚组,又根据是否存在左心耳血栓或"血栓前状态"分为AF左心耳血栓阳性亚组及阴性亚组,对左心房及左心耳容积及心功能指标进行统计学分析。结果 AF左心耳血栓两亚组LAVmax、LAVmin、LAAVmax及LAAVmin均明显高于对照组(P均0.05),且AF左心耳阳性亚组LAVmax、LAVmin、LAAVmax及LAAVmin均高于阴性亚组(P均0.01);AF左心耳血栓两亚组LAEF及LAAEF均明显低于对照组(P均0.001),且AF左心耳阳性亚组LAEF及LAAEF均低于阴性亚组(P均0.001)。持续性AF亚组LAEF及LAAEF均明显低于阵发性AF亚组(P均0.01),阵发性AF亚组与持续性AF亚组间LAVmax、LAVmin、LAAVmax及LAAVmin差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。持续性AF亚组左心耳血栓及"血栓前状态"发生率明显高于阵发性AF亚组[72.41%(21/29)vs 14.55%(8/55),χ2=113.46,P0.001]。结论当AF患者存在左心耳血栓或"血栓前状态"时,左心房及心耳结构及功能重构更明显。     

Clinical significance of anterior mitral leaflet fibrillation in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: comparison with blood flow and wall motion of the left atrial appendage

Background and purpose  Diastolic fibrillation of the anterior mitral leaflet (AML) is seen in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, its clinical significance has been unclear. On the other hand, reduced blood flow velocity in the left atrial appendage (LAA) may be associated with LA thrombus formation. In this study, we investigate the relationship between the flow velocity and the wall motion velocity of the LAA and diastolic fibrillation of the AML in patients with nonvalvular AF. Methods  We performed transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in 45 consecutive patients with chronic nonvalvular AF. The LAA flow velocity was measured by pulsed Doppler echocardiography with the sample volume positioned at the center of the LAA. The LAA wall motion velocity was measured by pulsed Doppler tissue imaging (DTI) with the sample volume at the medial wall of the LAA. The AML fibrillation velocity was measured by pulsed DTI with the sample volume at the AML tip. Results  The AML fibrillation velocity could be measured in 44 patients (97.8%), and the LAA flow and wall motion velocities were measurable in 35 (77.8%) and 42 (93.3%) patients, respectively. The AML fibrillation velocity had a range from 4 to 21 cm/s and showed significant positive correlation with the LAA flow velocity (r = 0.82, P < 0.001) and the wall motion velocity (r = 0.80, P < 0.001) of the LAA. An AML fibrillation velocity of ≤7 cm/s predicted patients having a tendency to LA thrombus formation (LAA flow velocity ≤20 cm/s) with high sensitivity (87.5%) and specificity (88.9%). Conclusion  The AML fibrillation velocity seems to be a viable substitute for the LAA flow velocity in the detection of flow stagnation in the LA.     

房颤患者华法林自我管理现状及影响因素调查

目的了解房颤患者华法林自我管理现状,并探讨其影响因素,为房颤患者华法林自我管理干预措施的制定提供依据。方法便利抽取221例在心内科门诊就诊的口服华法林抗凝治疗的房颤患者,采用疾病感知问卷、服药信念量表与房颤患者口服华法林自我管理量表进行调查。结果房颤患者口服华法林自我管理总分为(31.93±5.51)分,疾病感知总分为(52.56±9.63)分,服药信念总分中位数为0.50分;不同居住方式、服药种数以及有无出血史患者口服华法林自我管理评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。房颤患者口服华法林自我管理总分与疾病感知总分、服药必要信念呈正相关(均P0.05),与服药顾虑信念呈负相关(P0.05)。多元逐步回归分析结果显示,疾病感知总分、服药必要信念与服药顾虑信念是房颤患者口服华法林自我管理的主要预测变量(调整R~2=0.882)。结论护理人员应关注房颤患者口服华法林自我管理水平,采取措施提高患者疾病感知水平,树立积极的服药信念,以提高患者口服华法林自我管理能力。