经鼻持续性气道正压对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者呼吸中…

为了解经鼻持续性气道正压通气治疗对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合片患者呼吸中枢驱动性的影响，研究了２０例无二氧化碳潴留的ＯＳＡＳ患者及２０例单纯鼾症患者夜间睡眠前后呼吸方式及口腔阻断压的改变，并观察了ｎＣＰＡＰ治疗对ＯＳＡＳ患者呼吸方式及Ｐ０．１的影响。     

经鼻持续气道正压通气治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的远期…

目的 探讨经鼻持续气道内正压通气（ＣＰＡＰ）治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂综合征（ＯＳＡＳ）的远期效果。方法，报告１９８７－１９９５在家坚持长期应用ＣＰＡＰ治疗的ＯＳＡＳ有完善多导睡眠图（ＰＳＧ）监测记录对比的１８例患者及其临床治疗的效果。结果（１）应用ＣＰＡＰ治疗后，ＯＳＡＳ症状消除。（２）１３例（７２％）患者复查ＰＳＧ参数改善，１８例停用ＣＰＡＰ治疗后ＰＳＧ复查，最长呼吸暂停时间从６６±２１秒缩短至４３     

经鼻持续气道正压通气治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的远期效果

目的探讨经鼻持续气道内正压通气（ＣＰＡＰ）治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（ＯＳＡＳ）的远期效果。方法报告１９８７～１９９５年在家坚持长期应用ＣＰＡＰ治疗的ＯＳＡＳ有完善多导睡眠图（ＰＳＧ）监测记录对比的１８例患者及其临床治疗的效果。结果（１）应用ＣＰＡＰ治疗后，ＯＳＡＳ症状消除。（２）１３例（７２％）患者复查ＰＳＧ参数改善，１８例停用ＣＰＡＰ治疗后ＰＳＧ复查，最长呼吸暂停时间从６６±２１秒缩短至４３±２４秒（Ｐ＜０．０５）；呼吸紊乱指数从６６±１６降低至２８±２０（Ｐ＜０．００１）；最低血氧饱度（ＳａＯ２）从５３％±１９％提高至７５％±１１％（Ｐ＜０．００１）。（３）治疗前、后１８例患者体重、血压改变不明显，１２例合并高血压的患者６例（５０％）血压恢复到正常范围。结论ＣＰＡＰ治疗ＯＳＡＳ有效，长期坚持治疗呼吸暂停引起的低氧血症、最长呼吸暂停时间改善，临床症状减轻或消除。其机制可能与患者呼吸调节功能改善有关     

经鼻持续气道正压通气治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的压…

目的 通过全夜多导睡眠图（ＰＳＧ）有关呼吸紊乱和低氧血症的指标，预测阻性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（ＯＳＡＳ）患才所需的经息罩持续性气道内正压敢（ＣＰＡＰ）的最佳压力水平（Ｐｍ），并用于指导临床应用。方法采用ＲＨＫ－５５００型多导睡眠监测联接ＢｋｉＰＡＰ（ＳＴ／Ｄ）系统测定１８例ＯＳＡＳ患者经鼻罩ＣＰＡＰ的Ｐｍ并推导其与呼吸紊乱指数（ＲＤＩ）或血氧饱和度低于９０％时间（ＴＳ９０）的回归方程。有杉此回归方程     

经鼻持续气道正压通气对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者睡眠结构的影响

目的 评价经鼻持续气道正压通气(nCPAP)对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者睡眠结构的影响.方法 87例经多导睡眠图(PSG)诊断的OSAHS患者接受nCPAP和PSG监测,分析患者nCPAP治疗前、治疗中睡眠结构和病情严重度指标的改变.结果 患者在nCPAP治疗过程中睡眠结构和病情严重度指标发生明显改善,呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)由(54.45±28.85)次/h减至(8.11±13.41)次/h(F=184.528,P<0.001).最低血氧饱和度从(64.33±14.73)%升高至(75.08±15.52)%(F=21.948,P<0.001);平均血氧饱和度自(88.19±6.80)%升高为(91.99±3.87)%(F=20.469,P<0.001).I期睡眠占睡眠总时间的比率由(22.63土20.95)%减至(18.56±16.92)%,快动眼睡眠期比率自(13.28±10.25)%升高至(16.07±9.87)%,但均无统计学意义(F=1.984,P=0.161;F=3.347,P=0.069).Ⅱ期睡眠占睡眠总时间比率由(58.84±22.87)%减至(48.67±19.57)%(F=9.947,P=0.002).Ⅲ、Ⅳ期睡眠(慢波睡眠)从(6.29±7.16)%增至(17.01±9.84)%(F=67.511,P<0.001).结论 nCPAP改善OSAHS患者AHI、血氧饱和度的同时改善睡眠结构,主要增加患者的慢波睡眠,有明显即刻效应.     

经鼻持续气道正压通气对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的综合疗效

经鼻持续气道正压通气（CPAP）是目前治疗阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS）最有效的内科治疗方法,通过向气道内增加一定程度的正压,保持上气道通畅,消除患者夜间缺氧,改善患者夜间打鼾,白天嗜睡等临床症状,恢复睡眠结构,并治疗与此相关的各系统疾病,提高患者长期的生活质量。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者睡眠状态下呼吸中枢控制功 …

目的 探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（ＯＳＡＳ）患者上气道阻塞与睡眠状态下呼吸中枢控制功能的低下是否有关，方法 通过经鼻气管插管建立鼻咽通气道测定了１６例重度ＯＳＡＳ患者在清楚状态，非快动眼（ＮＲＥＭ）Ｉ＋Ⅱ睡眠期，Ⅲ＋Ⅳ睡眠期，快速眼（ＲＥＭ）睡眠期的口腔阻断压（Ｐ０．１）低氧反应指标（△Ｐ０．１／△ＳａＯ２，△ＶＥ／△ＳａＯ２）及高二氧化碳反应指标（△Ｐ０．１／△ＳａＯ２，△ＶＥ／△ＳａＯ２）。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征经鼻气道正压通气治疗的新进展

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（obstructive sleep apnea syndrome，OSAS）是由于上气道狭窄或阻塞造成睡眠时反复出现呼吸暂停、低通气，导致血氧饱和度下降，睡眠结构紊乱。患者有晨起头痛、白天嗜睡、注意力不集中、记忆力下降、疲倦、性功能下降等症状，并可有心、肺、脑、肾、内分泌紊乱等一系列并发症。其病因复杂，治疗方法多样。效果不一。随着近年无创呼吸机的应用越来越广泛，利用各型无创呼吸机经鼻持续气道正压通气逐渐成为OSAS患者的首选治疗方式，本文对近年来OSAS的通气治疗进展加以综述。     

经鼻持续气道内正压通气对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者血压的影响

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(obstructive sleep apnea syndrome,OSAS)是一种睡眠呼吸障碍性疾病,高血压是其最常见的并发症和合并症之一,近年来研究显示,OSAS引起的高血压多为难治性.常规药物降压效果较差.而经鼻持续气道内正压通气可以取得良好的疗效,本文就OSAS与高血压关系及经鼻持续气道内正压通气对OSAS患者血压影响的研究进展作相应综述.     

经鼻持续气道正压通气治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的压力水平研究

目的通过全夜多导睡眠图（ＰＳＧ）有关呼吸紊乱和低氧血症的指标，预测阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（ＯＳＡＳ）患者所需的经鼻罩持续性气道内正压通气（ＣＰＡＰ）的最佳压力水平（Ｐｍ），并用于指导临床应用。方法采用ＲＨＫ－５５００型多导睡眠监测系统联接ＢｉＰＡＰ（ＳＴ／Ｄ）系统测定１８例ＯＳＡＳ患者经鼻罩ＣＰＡＰ的Ｐｍ，并推导其与呼吸紊乱指数（ＲＤＩ）或血氧饱和度低于９０％时间（ＴＳ９０）的回归方程。采用此回归方程预测Ｐｍ，并对６例（预测组）ＯＳＡＳ患者进行１周治疗（每夜８～１０小时），其结果与采用实测Ｐｍ进行ＣＰＡＰ治疗的１３例（实测组）ＯＳＡＳ患者（同样疗程）相对比。所有患者在治疗前和治疗后１～２天测定ＰＳＧ。结果ＲＤＩ或ＴＳ９０与Ｐｍ呈显著的直线正相关；用预测Ｐｍ治疗ＯＳＡＳ，其症状及ＰＳＧ指标均有显著改善，疗效与用实测Ｐｍ组者差异无显著性。结论提示临床上可根据患者的ＲＤＩ或ＴＳ９０预测ＣＰＡＰ治疗时所需的最佳压力     

PROTEINURIA, GLOMERULOMEGALY AND FOCAL GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS IN A GROSSLY OBESE MAN WITH OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME

A grossly obese (149 kg) man with the sleep apnea syndrome was found to have proteinuria and a supernormal glomerular filtration rate. Renal histology showed glomerulomegaly and focal glomerulosclerosis. It is suggested that obesity may induce glomerular hyperfiltration and in turn glomerulosclerosis.     

BREATHING DURING SLEEP: THE RESPONSES TO ASPHYXIA and PROCHLORPERAZINE IN NORMAL SUBJECTS and PATIENTS WITH OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA*

:The effects of sleep and prochlorperazine (12.5 mg intravenous bolus) on the ventilatory and arousal responses to asphyxia were studied in normal subjects and patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The ventilatory response to asphyxia was reduced during non-rapid eye movement sleep in the six normal subjects studied (1.93 ± 0.181 min^-1. % SaO₂ awake vs. 1.01 ± 0.10 I min^-1. ± SaO₂ asleep; rnean ± SEM; p<0.01) (SaO₂= arterial oxygen saturation). In the two normal subjects studied during sleep following prochlorperazine administration, ventilatory responsiveness was increased (p<0.05) but arousal response to asphyxia was depressed (p<0.025). Although prochlorperazine increased waking ventilatory responsiveness to asphyxia in five of six patients with OSA (2.26 ± 0.44 I min^-1.% SaO₂vs.4.77 ± 1.39 I min^-1.% SaO₂; mean ± SEM; p<0.01), the drug had no clinically significant effect on upper airway obstruction during sleep; in three patients, apnea frequency was slightly reduced but in four of six patients severity of hypoxemia during apnea was increased with drug administration. We conclude that prochlorperazine administration is unlikely to benefit patients with obstructive sleep apnea despite its ventilatory effects during wakefulness and sleep. This lack of effect may be explained by separate effects of the drug on ventilatory and arousal responses to asphyxia. (Aust NZ J Med 1983; 13: 613–620.)     

氧疗及正压通气对慢性阻塞性肺病患者夜间低氧血症的疗效

为了观察夜间氧疗及加用持续正压通气对急性加重期慢性阻塞性肺病（ＣＯＰＤ）患者夜间低氧血症的治疗效果，用脉搏氧饱和度仪对５８例患者进行监测描记，并作动脉血气分析。结果表明，白天动脉血氧分压（ＰａＯ２）、动脉血二氧化碳分压（ＰａＣＯ２）及基础脉搏氧饱和度（ＳｐＯ２）与夜间平均脉搏氧饱和度（ＭＳｐＯ２）之间有显著的正相关（ｒ＝０．７０２，ｒ＝０．６１３，ｒ＝０．６０５，Ｐ值均＜０．０１），与夜间呼吸空气时比较，３７例患者夜间氧疗效果良好，夜间平均ＳｐＯ２、平均最低ＳｐＯ２（ｍＳｐＯ２）升高（Ｐ＜０．０１），氧降累计时间百分比（ＣＴＮＯＤ％）降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。其余２１例患者疗效不佳，改用夜间氧疗加持续正压通气（ＢｉＰＡＰ）后效果极好，夜间ＭＳｐＯ２、ｍＳｐＯ２与ＣＴＮＯＤ％三项指标均显著改善（Ｐ＜０．０１），且睡后ＰａＯ２升高（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＰａＣＯ２降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。证实夜间氧疗能纠正多数ＣＯＰＤ患者的夜间低氧血症，对疗效不良者加用无创持续正压通气可获满意效果。     

己酮可可碱对实验性犬呼吸窘迫综合征肺内白细胞的干预作用

在犬脂肪型呼吸窘迫综合征（ＲＤＳ）模型，观察己酮可可碱（ＰＴＸ）对肺内多形核白细胞（ＰＭＮ）、肺泡巨噬细胞（ＡＭ）的作用，结果发现经ＰＴＸ治疗后，肺内ＰＭＮ聚集、浸润减少，支气管肺泡灌洗液中白细胞数由致伤组的２．９２×１０￣８降至治疗组的１．２１×１０￣８（ｐ＜０．００１），ＰＭＮ所占细胞比由致伤组的３５．４％减少为治疗组的１４．３％（Ｐ＜０．０１），治疗组ＡＭ释放的白细胞介素＿１及肿瘤坏死因子明显低于致伤组（Ｐ＜０．００１，Ｐ＜０．０５）．结果表明，ＰＴＸ对ＲＤＳ肺内ＰＭＮ及ＡＭ均具有抑制作用，为ＰＴＸ防治ＡＲＤＳ提供了依据。     

INTRAVENOUS RANITIDINE HAS NO HEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS IN SUBJECTS WITH NORMAL LUNG FUNCTION AND PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE AIRWAY DISEASE

Ten patients with Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease (COAD) and five subjects with duodenal ulcers and normal lung function were given 50 mg ranitidine as a single intravenous bolus injection. Hemodynamic responses were continuously monitored. There were no significant alterations in systemic and pulmonary pressures, systemic and total pulmonary vascular resistances or cardiac output. Continuous ECG recordings did not reveal arrhythmias. Ranitidine does not appear to cause any significant disturbance of hemodynamic function in COAD patients. This contrasts with alterations in hemodynamics previously observed following administration of cimetidine.     

奥曲肽和垂体后叶素对门脉高压血流动力学的影响

应用９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ测定心／肝放射性摄取比值（Ｈ／Ｌ比值），脉冲多普勒超声检测门脉主干的血流量、血流流速及其内径，比较奥曲肽和垂体后叶素对肝硬化门脉高压患者的肝血流动力学的影响。结果示：二药对肝血流动力学改变可致门脉压降低，有利于破裂的食管曲张静脉凝血和止血。二药相比：Ｈ／Ｌ比值下降和门脉主干血流量减少亦有显著差异（分别为Ｐ＜０．０５和ｐ＜０．０１）。应用奥曲肽时未出现副作用，而应用垂体后叶素时１５例（４２％）出现短暂腹痛和排便感。本研究结果提示，奥曲肽对降低门脉血流及压力似较垂体后叶素为优，且无副作用。     

吲达帕胺、卡托普利对高血压病患者尿白蛋白的影响

观察了４０例高血压病患者服吲达帕胺（ｉｎｄａｐａｍｉｄｅ）或卡托普利（ｃａｐｔｏｐｒｉｌ）８周前后尿液中白蛋白、血清肌酐及血尿素氮的变化。结果：两组降压效果相似，尿白蛋白均显著减少（Ｐ＜０．０１）；血清肌酐、白尿素氮无明显变化。结果表明，吲达帕胺、卡托普利均能减少尿白蛋白的排泄，对肾脏有保护作用。     

多普勒超声技术定量测定二尖瓣位人工瓣跨瓣压差及瓣口面积的准确性研究

为观察多普勒超声测定二尖瓣位人工瓣跨瓣压差和瓣口面积（ＭＶＡ）的准确性，利用多普勒超声技术对２１例Ｓｏｒｉｎ型侧倾碟瓣的跨瓣压差及ＭＶＡ进行测定，并与心导管检查进行比较。相关分析结果表明，由多普勒测定的人工瓣跨瓣压差及ＭＶＡ与心导管测量值有密切的相关关系。研究结果进一步证明，由多普勒超声测量的跨瓣压差、ＭＶＡ均具有高度的准确性和可靠性。     

阿托伐他汀对原发性高血压患者血压及内源性纤溶活性的影响

目的　通过对阿托伐他汀调脂同时对原发性高血压 (EH)患者血压及内源性纤溶活性影响的观察 ,探讨其非调脂作用。方法　观察 4 2例 1级原发性高血压患者 ,口服阿托伐他汀 10mg ,2 /d ,8周 ,分别对患者治疗前及治疗后进行血压、血清总胆固醇 (TC)、甘油三酯 (TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL -C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL -C)、分泌组织性纤溶酶原激活因子 (t-PA)和纤溶酶原激活抑制因子 (PAI - 1)检测。结果　与正常对照组比较 ,EH组治疗 8周后收缩压均有显著降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,t-PA活性明显升高 (P <0 .0 1) ,PAI - 1活性明显降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,EH并血脂紊乱 (EHA)组治疗后TC、TG、LDL -C较治疗前均显著降低 (P <0 .0 1) ,HDL -C明显升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　阿托伐他汀在有效调脂同时可发挥其非调脂作用 ,能降低EH患者血压及改善内源性纤溶活性     

EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AND RESTRICTION ON HOME BLOOD PRESSURE IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS: SERIAL CHANGES IN THE MORNING AND EVENING RECORDS

To study the time course of alcohol effects on blood pressure (BP), we examined morning and late evening home BP for 4 weeks in a regular alcohol consumption period and for 4 weeks in a alcohol restriction period in 30 Japanese men with essential hypertension (52 ± 2 years, m ± SE) in a randomized crossover study. Mean daily intake of alcohol were 66.5 ± 4.7 and 10.2 ± 1.9 ml, respectively. At the end of the regular alcohol period, morning BP had increased by 4.4 ± 1.1/2.9 ± 0.8 mmHg but evening BP had decreased by 7.4 ± 1.9/5.7 ± 1.7 mmHg. The depressor effect of alcohol on the evening BP was evident from day 1 to week 4, while the pressor effect on the morning BP was significant from week 2 regardless of the order of the two periods. These results confirm the biphasic effect of alcohol on BP, and suggest that the status of alcohol intake may markedly influence the morning–evening BP difference.