对临床药学服务中若干问题的思考

目的:探讨目前我国临床药学服务中存在的问题。方法:对我国临床药学服务中存在问题的原因进行分析。结果与结论:应当加快我国药学服务的法制化管理,尽快出台《执业药师法》(或《药师法》),以明确临床药师的职责、义务及药师的法律地位,保障药师的合法权益。     

新“医改”形势下医院药师职责定位的思考

目的:探讨医院药师如何尽快适应新"医改"形势,明确药师的职责定位。方法:认真学习和解读新"医改"方案,对比中美药学发展情况,提出医院药师未来发展的前景。结果与结论 :我国医院药学服务与国外相比还有较大差距,还不能适应新"医改"方案的要求。医院药师要掌握药学发展的新理论、新知识和新技能,提高临床用药水平。不断提升和完善自我,履行药师所肩负的重要职责。     

美国药师与药学技术员培训与认证

目的:了解美国药师和药学技术员的认证体系,为我国药学专业人员的认证与培训体系的发展提供借鉴。方法:通过访问美国药学认证委员会、药学专家委员会等官方网站并检索国内文献,了解美国临床药师与药学技术员认证所针对的学员及准入资格、认证流程与再认证等内容。结果:美国药师和药学技术员的培训与认证机构繁多,针对不同阶段、不同专科药学人员有不同的机构设置和授权机构。药学专家的认证是针对"临床药师"的专业认证,下设不同专科,且认证有周期性;药学技术员的培训准入及通过的要求相对较低。结论:美国对药师和药学技术员的培训与认证的准入资格、性质等要求明确,流程严谨。中国可以之为鉴,尽快建立、完善药学工作者认证制度,明确药学工作者的职责与价值,推动临床药学事业健康、快速发展。     

事前审核是实现医院药学转型的关键手段

目的探寻如何使药师尽快提高"督导合理用药"的核心工作能力,展现价值,为医院药学赢得转型空间。方法分析新医改下医院药学的现状和药师能力差距的原因,设计解决方案。结果 药师能力差距主要是工作内容与职业新要求脱节造成的,必须尽快改变现状提高药师能力。结论事前审核给药师提供围绕核心工作进行大量学习和反复训练的良好工作条件,是实现医院药学转型的关键手段。     

探讨我国临床药师的现状与未来

目的:明确临床对药学服务的需求,探索我国临床药师培训的有效路径。方法:回顾我国临床药学的发展历程,确立临床药师的定位与职责,分析药师队伍的现状,阐述临床药师培训的方法与途径。结果与结论:目前药师从综合能力方面无法满足临床对药学服务的需求。我国临床药师培训已经启动,药师只有充分了解临床的需求,发挥积极性与主动性,并且在临床药师制度的不断完善下,才能成为称职的临床药师。     

我国临床药学建设与发展趋势(上篇)

目的:调整我国临床药学的发展方向,加速临床药师制和临床药师培训基地建设.方法:采用回顾和思考的方式,总结我国临床药学和临床药师制体系建设的现状、经验、不足与发展趋势.结果与结论:肯定临床药学和医院药学取得的成绩,明确临床药学学科和临床药师制体系建设的必要性,要坚持正确发展方向,药师应树立走出药房,面向临床,坚持以病人为中心、以合理用药为核心,服务患者的理念,转变观念与职责,走人才和科技发展的道路.     

信息广角

吴“现代医院药学发展趋势与药师职责学习班”通知为学习贯彻2002年初卫生部和国家中医药管理局颁布的《医疗机构药事管理暂行规定》 ,加速医院药学工作的转型和药师观念与职能的转变 ,适应新世纪医院药学发展 ;提升医院领导对新世纪医院药学发展趋势与药师作用的认识 ;提高药学部(药剂科 )主任和医院药学技术人员的管理能力和药学技术服务技能 ,保障患者用药安全、有效、经济 ,定于2005年5月和10月分别在西安市和郑州市举办2期“现代医院药学发展趋势与药师职责学习班” ,学习期为4天。学习班将邀请卫生部医政司有关领导以及卫生部医院管理…     

药师的职业溯源与角色演化及对我国药师立法的启示

目的:了解我国药师的角色定位,为我国药师法提供立法建议。方法:通过文献研究,追溯国内外药师的职业溯源与角色演化历程,分析我国药师的角色转变障碍,并提出对我国药师立法的启示。结果与结论:国际上的药师普遍已进入"以患者用药安全为中心"的药学服务阶段,但我国药师整体仍处于从"以药品为中心"的传统药学向"以安全用药为中心"的临床药学过渡的阶段,药师们的角色认识亟待提高。我们应以药学服务为角色导向,明确药师法的调整范围;以药学服务型人才为目标,提升药师资格准入门槛;以药学服务为内容,明确药师的权利与义务。我国应通过药师立法,加快推进药师的角色向药学服务转型。     

对我国执业药师角色定位的思考

目的:为我国执业药师角色定位和未来发展提供建议,以促进我国执业药师资格制度和注册制度的完善。方法:通过分析美、日、德等发达国家执业药师的角色定位(如基本职责、岗位分布、主要考试内容等)与我国社会药房执业药师配备现状及存在的问题,提出相应策略。结果与结论:与美、日、德等发达国家相比,当前我国社会药房执业药师存在定位不明确,数量虽初具规模但配备比例仍非常低,因准入标准低而导致药学服务能力低下及社会地位不高,专业结构、学历结构均不够合理等现象。有必要借鉴发达国家将执业药师定位于药学服务,明确其角色与定位,尽快出台《执业药师法》,革新现今的执业药师考试制度,建立更加严格的准入制度,使之更接近大众的需求,同时有条件地允许"兼职"。     

探讨OTC与实行执业药师注册制度的关系

目的：探讨OTC制度与实行执业药师注册制度的关系。方法：根据我国目前药学工作的现状,结合药品销售的特殊性,阐明OTC制度与实行执业药师注册制度的关系。结果：触及各级领导对药学工作主人员结构的重视,提高药学人员的素质和地位,加强药学人员在流通领域中的作用与职责。结论：OTC制度与执业药师注册制度是相辅相威、缺一不可的。     

未担任临床工作的医院药学人员成为临床药师的必要性与可行性分析

目的： 目前我国临床药师数量短缺现象较为严重，医疗机构中未担任临床工作的药学人员成为临床药师可能是改善我国临床药师人力资源储备的措施之一。本研究旨在分析未担任临床工作的医院药学人员成为临床药师的必要性与可行性。方法： 通过文献研究的方法分析我国未担任临床工作的医院药学人员成为临床药师的必要性与可行性。结果： 医院药学向临床转型是目前的趋势，未担任临床工作的医院药学人员成为临床药师具有药学知识充足、熟悉医院药学工作流程、转型便捷高效等优势，能够弥补临床药学专业教育在人才输送方面存在的不足，具有很强的必要性。此外，未担任临床工作的医院药学人员由于已满足基本的学历要求，且对于成为临床药师的意愿较强，人才来源有保障，加之我国临床药师的培训模式逐渐完善，为我国临床药师培养提供了有利条件，未担任临床工作的医院药学人员成为临床药师具有可行性。结论： 未担任临床工作的医院药学人员成为临床药师具有可行性与必要性，为了促进未担任临床工作的医院药学人员转型成为临床药师，本研究提出了几点建议为政策制定者与医院管理者提供参考。     

药品零加成政策是医院药学转型发展的机遇与挑战

目的：随着我国城市公立医院综合改革的稳步推进以及公立医院药品零加成政策的全面实施,医院药学学科面临由盈利部门转变为成本科室,学科发展方向模糊、处境尴尬的巨大挑战。方法：采用文献研究法,对文献进行重点信息摘录、综合分析并得出结果。结果：医院药学学科顺应时势,主动转型与应对刻不容缓。结论：依托政策支持,加快医院药学学科工作中心、服务模式、专业水平及综合素质的转变,提升药学专业服务价值,促进药学学科内涵深化,增强学科专业实力,有利于实现药学学科的成功转型。     

儿科临床药师开展创新药学服务的思考与实践

目的:探讨儿科临床药师针对儿童患者及家长进行创新药学服务的实践及思考.方法:通过开展儿科专科药学门诊、床旁用药教育、社区儿童用药宣教和线上服务等创新药学服务项目,探讨儿科专科临床药师在药学转型发展中的作用.结果:37.4％的儿科药学门诊患者来自医师转诊,可实现临床医师和药师在专业知识上的互补,充分发挥专科临床药师的作用...     

Impact of the Pharmacy Practice Model Initiative on Clinical Pharmacy Specialist Practice

This paper describes the goals of the American Society of Health‐System Pharmacists' Pharmacy Practice Model Initiative (PPMI) and its recommendations for health‐system pharmacy practice transformation to meet future patient care needs and elevate the role of pharmacists as patient care providers. PPMI envisions a future in which pharmacists have greater responsibility for medication‐related outcomes and technicians assume greater responsibility for product‐related activities. Although the PPMI recommendations have elevated the level of practice in many settings, they also potentially affect existing clinical pharmacists, in general, and clinical pharmacy specialists, in particular. Moreover, although more consistent patient care can be achieved with an expanded team of pharmacist providers, the role of clinical pharmacy specialists must not be diminished, especially in the care of complex patients and populations. Specialist practitioners with advanced training and credentials must be available to model and train pharmacists in generalist positions, residents, and students. Indeed, specialist practitioners are often the innovators and practice leaders. Negotiation between hospitals and pharmacy schools is needed to ensure a continuing role for academic clinical pharmacists and their contributions as educators and researchers. Lessons can be applied from disciplines such as nursing and medicine, which have developed new models of care involving effective collaboration between generalists and specialists. Several different pharmacy practice models have been described to meet the PPMI goals, based on available personnel and local goals. Studies measuring the impact of these new practice models are needed.     

临床药学学生人文素质教育调查与分析

目的:为临床药学专业的课程设置提出建议。方法:通过访谈法、问卷法考察当前我国临床药师在实际工作中反映出的人文素质情况,并对我国临床药学专业课程设置进行分析,探讨临床药学专业人文课程设置的必要性。结果:临床药师在实际工作中的现实表现折射出其人文底蕴不足,且其自我评价中也反映出对自身人文素质并不满意,我国临床药学专业的人文课程设置有待加强和完善。结论:临床药学学生需要加强人文素质的培养,人文课程的设置十分必要且需要逐步完善。     

Taking the lead: Community pharmacists' perception of their role potential within the primary care team

BackgroundPatient-focused care provided by an interprofessional team has long been presented as the preferred method of primary care delivery. Community pharmacists should and can provide leadership for many clinical and managerial activities within the primary care team.ObjectiveTo determine the extent to which community pharmacists are prepared to be members of the health care team, and to assess their support for general expansion of clinical responsibilities.MethodsA mail questionnaire (in either English or French) was sent to 1500 community pharmacists between February and April 2004. Respondents were asked to indicate the necessity of pharmacy leadership for a range of clinical and managerial services associated with a primary care team. Respondents were also asked to indicate the extent to which they should be more involved in drug therapy selection and monitoring, as well as assuming greater responsibility for treating both minor and chronic illnesses.ResultsThe response rate was 35.2% (470/1337) with the highest response rate in the Prairie provinces (40.6%) and the lowest in Quebec (24.4%). Most pharmacists in the study did not advocate a strong leadership role for non-discipline-specific clinical and managerial activities. Most of them indicated that community pharmacists should be more involved in selecting (69.9%) and monitoring (81.0%) drug therapy, and be more responsible for treating minor illnesses (72.0%). Support for more responsibility declined to 50% for chronic illnesses.ConclusionsThe findings of the study suggest substantial variability among pharmacists in their perception of the need for pharmacy leadership across 16 clinical and managerial activities.     

二级医院临床药学的现状及发展方向

目的：学习和贯彻2011年3月1日起实施的《医疗机构药事管理规定》的精神,改变观念,注重医院药学改革,积极发展北京丰台医院临床药学工作。方法：通过分析、总结我院临床药学的现状,找出不足,克服困难。结果：认清了形式,明确了方向,以临床药学的发展为基础,促进医院药学学科的发展,并与医院其他学科协调发展,努力为患者提供安全、有效、方便、价廉、优质的医疗服务。结论：药师应在临床从事的医疗活动中敢于承担责任,真正发挥药师的作用,体现药师工作的意义。     

Relationship between selected personality traits and citation for violating pharmacy board regulations.

The relationship between certain personality traits and citation for pharmacy board violations was studied. The Gordon Personal Profile-Inventory (GPP-I) was mailed to three samples of pharmacists licensed in North Carolina (95 pharmacist leaders, 199 pharmacists who had been cited for violating one or more board of pharmacy regulations, and a random sample of 494 pharmacists licensed in the state). The pharmacists were asked to provide demographic information and to complete the 38-item GPP-I, which measures eight different personality traits (ascendancy, responsibility, emotional stability, sociability, cautiousness, original thinking, personal relations, and vigor). The response rates for the three samples were 78.9%, 23.6%, and 58.3%, respectively. Pharmacists who had been cited for one or more board of pharmacy violations had significantly lower scores on the GPP-I for the personality trait vigor than general pharmacists. They also had lower scores on the GPP-I traits of ascendancy, original thinking, and vigor than pharmacy leaders. They were less likely to have advanced degrees or belong to any pharmacy organizations. They tended to be male, older, and out of school longer than those pharmacists who had never been cited for violating one or more board of pharmacy regulations. Significant differences in personality traits were found between pharmacists who had been cited for violating board of pharmacy regulations and general pharmacists and pharmacy leaders.     

县级医院临床药师工作技能的培养及规范化考核

目的 探讨县级医院临床药师的工作技能培养和规范化考核指标。方法 通过我院临床药师参与临床药物治疗实践,分析总结县级医院临床药师知识结构的重要性和细化量化临床药师工作指标的必要性。结果 临床药师的知识转型是参与查房与会诊、用药监护和用药指导的必备条件,实施规范化考核是深入开展临床药学工作并持续提升药学服务质量的保障。结论 县级医院临床药师需参与临床多学科的药学服务,在实践中丰富临床知识,在落实考核指标中持续提升工作质量。