冷冻精液对IVF的胚胎质量影响的研究

目的探讨在体外受精胚胎移植(IVF-ET)中提前冷冻精液对胚胎质量的影响。方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2014年12月进入IVF周期取精困难男性患者75例,均采用提前冷冻精子,其中在取卵当天重新获取新鲜精液组45例(A组),使用冷冻精子组30例(B组),比较两组受精率、平均卵裂球数、平均碎片率、优质胚胎率、囊胚形成率和临床妊娠率。结果 A组与B组相比,正常受精率、优质胚胎率、平均卵裂球数、平均碎片率、优质胚胎率、囊胚形成率和临床妊娠率均无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论在IVF-ET中,预知取卵当天男方取精困难采用提前冷冻精子,这可能不会影响胚胎质量和发育潜能。     

采用冷冻精子与新鲜精子进行卵胞浆内单精子注射的结果比较

目的　比较冷冻精子与新鲜精子进行卵胞浆内单精子注射 ( ICSI)助孕技术的治疗效果。　方法　对 1 6 1对不育夫妇进行 1 6 3个辅助生殖技术治疗周期 ,其中采用冷冻精子 47个周期 ,比较了冷冻精子组与新鲜精子组 1 1 6个周期的受精率、卵裂率、A级胚胎率与临床妊娠率。　结果　冷冻精子组 (组 I)的受精率为 77.6 %、卵裂率为 92 .9%、A级胚胎率为 6 5.4%、临床妊娠率为 45.5% ;新鲜精液严重异常组 (组 II)分别为 54 .4%、94.0 %、45.7%及 2 5.0 % ;新鲜精液轻、中度异常组 (组 III)分别为 73 .5%、92 .5%、46 .8%及 2 9.3 %。组 I的受精率、A级胚胎率和临床妊娠率明显高于组 II( P<0 .0 5) ;与组 III比较无显著性差异 ( P>0 .0 5)。　结论　患者本身的精子质量直接影响 ICSI的受精率 ,精子冷冻复苏处理不影响 ICSI的受精率、卵裂率和优质胚胎率     

体外受精-胚胎移植多精受精的发生与妊娠结局的关系

目的探讨供精体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)过程中多精受精的发生率和妊娠结局的关系。方法回顾性分析2013年1月~12月来我院进行新鲜周期IVF-ET治疗的患者,其中长方案IVF-ET组1 388例,短方案IVF-ET组311例,供精IVF-ET组276例。根据多精受精率不同,供精IVF-ET周期分为3组,正常受精组:多精受精率为0;低频多精受精组:0多精受精率≤20%;高频多精受精组:多精受精率20%。比较各组的女方年龄、平均获卵数、正常受精率(2PN)、正常受精优胚率、正常受精可用胚胎率、种植率、临床妊娠率及流产率。结果供精IVF组和IVF长方案组的女方年龄显著低于IVF短方案组(P0.05),平均获卵数和多精受精发生率显著高于IVF短方案组(P0.05)。正常受精组(64.79%)和低频多精受精组的正常受精率(62.46%)显著高于高频多精受精组(43.93%)(P0.05);种植率和临床妊娠率高于高频多精受精组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05);各组之间的优胚率、可用胚胎率及流产率无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论供精IVF-ET过程中,高频多精受精的发生会显著影响正常受精率,可能会降低种植率和临床妊娠率。     

精子DNA完整性对体外授精-胚胎移植妊娠结局的影响

目的 探讨精子DNA完整性对体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)临床结局的影响。方法 采用染色质扩散实验(SCD)对接受203个周期IVF-ET治疗的男方精液进行精子DNA完整性检测。因女方卵巢反应差取消10个周期,剩余193个周期。根据精子DNA碎片指数(DFI)是否超过30%和是否药物治疗分为3组:DFI异常组55例(DFI30%),DFI正常组(DFI30%)78例和DFI治疗组60例,其中DFI治疗组指患者DFI30%,经药物治疗3个月,降至30%以下。比较DFI与受精率、2PN受精率、卵裂率及优胚率的相关性;比较3组间的种植率、妊娠率和流产率。结果 精子DFI与受精率、2PN受精率及卵裂率均无显著相关性(P0.05),与优胚率具有显著负相关(P0.05)。DFI正常组和DFI治疗组(治疗后DFI30%)的种植率及妊娠率均高于DFI异常组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。DFI正常组与DFI治疗组的种植率及妊娠率差异均无统计学统计(P0.05)。3组流产率表现相当,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 精子DNA完整性对受精率、2PN受精率及卵裂率无影响,对优胚率、种植率及妊娠率有负面影响,药物改善精子DNA完整性后可提高优胚率、种植率及妊娠率。     

手术取卵日偶发ED男性不同取精方式对助孕结局的影响

目的:探讨在体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)手术取卵(OPU)当天因男方偶发阴茎勃起功能障碍(ED)造成手淫取精困难的最佳处理方式。方法:回顾性分析2011年1月至2014年5月进入IVF周期偶发ED的男性患者93例,分为新鲜精液组45例(A组),提前冻精子组30例(B组),卵子冷冻组18例(C组),其中新鲜精液组又分口服药物(西地那非)组18例(A1组)和未服用药物组27例(A2组),比较各组受精率、优质胚胎率、妊娠率。结果:A组、B组、C组相比年龄、不孕年限、平均获卵数、成熟卵率、卵裂率均无统计学差异(P0.05)。正常受精率(80.78%vs 80.43%vs 84.77%)、优质胚胎率(53.27%vs 52.97%vs 47.69%)、临床妊娠率(60.00%vs 56.77%vs 44.44%)也无统计学差异(P0.05),C组3PN率(0.63%)明显低于A组(9.61%)和B组(4.34%)(P0.05);新鲜精液组中A1组与A2组年龄、不孕年限、平均获卵数、成熟卵率、受精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎率、妊娠率均无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:IVF-ET中取卵当天偶发ED男性口服西地拉非有助于手淫取精,不影响助孕结局;对预知取精可能失败的患者可采用提前冷冻精子,取精失败者可采用冷冻卵子,但尽可能使用新鲜精液,避免睾丸附睾穿刺性损伤。     

睾丸精子冷冻复苏对ICSI助孕结局的影响

目的探讨睾丸精子冷冻复苏对ICSI助孕结局的影响。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2014年9月因梗阻性无精子症在本院采用睾丸精子行ICSI助孕的214个周期的临床资料,其中107个周期采用冷冻复苏的睾丸精子(冻精复苏组),另外107个周期采用新鲜睾丸精子(新鲜精子组)。比较两组中女方的一般资料、受精率、卵裂率、可利用胚胎数、优质胚胎率,以及临床妊娠率。结果本研究中,107个周期冻存睾丸精子复苏均获成功;冻精复苏组与新鲜精子组行ICSI助孕后的受精率[(76.91±18.24)%vs.(75.35±20.62)%]、卵裂率[(94.69±5.29)%vs.(95.37±4.48)%]、可利用胚胎数[(4.67±2.52)vs.(4.20±2.75)个]、优质胚胎率[(64.47±26.08)%vs.(60.34±27.39)%]及临床妊娠率(52.24%vs.50.63%)比较均无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论睾丸精子冷冻复苏对ICSI助孕结局并无显著影响。     

精子正常形态百分率与体外受精胚胎移植临床结局的相关性分析

目的 探讨精子形态对体外受精胚胎移植(IVF-ET)受精率、妊娠率及卵裂率的预测价值.方法 对850例行IVF治疗的男性患者精液进行分析,观察精子正常形态百分率与IVF受精率间的相关性;建立正常精子形态预测受精率的截点值(cut-off值),以正常形态的cut-off值进行分组,比较IVF受精率、妊娠率及卵裂率相关性.结果 (1)正常精子形态百分率与受精率呈显著的正相关性.(2)正常精子形态百分率预测受精率的截点值为8％,当正常精子形态百分率＜8％和正常精子形态百分率≥8％两组的IVF受精率比较,差异有统计学意义,两组的妊娠率比较差异无统计学意义.(3)原发性不育组与继发性不育组比较,两组正常精子形态百分率与受精率、妊娠率及卵裂率差异均无统计学意义,原发性不育组正常精子形态百分率＜8％和正常精子形态百分率≥8％两组受精率比较,差异有统计学意义,而继发不育组中这两组受精率比较差异无统计学意义.结论 正常精子形态百分率与受精率有显著的相关性,可作为辅助生殖的一个有效参考指标,且原发不育患者预测价值更大.     

供精体外受精胚胎移植69例不同临床结局影响因素的探讨

辅助生殖技术(ART)采用冷冻供精已广泛用于治疗男性无精子症[1].对于男性不可逆的无精子症、严重的少、弱、畸型精子症及男方有不宜生育的严重遗传性疾病,同时女方合并盆腔输卵管异常等因素的夫妇,或多次行供精人工授精(AID)助孕未孕的夫妇,临床上可行供精体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)或供精卵胞浆内单精子注射(ICSI-D)辅助生育.使用供精的特殊性在于完全排除了男性因素的干扰,为探讨排除男性因素后单纯女性因素在ART中对妊娠率的影响,以及各年龄段妊娠率、检测指标的变化,本文对本生殖中心使用供精IVF-ET治疗69例不育夫妇共75个新鲜周期及其影响临床结局的因素进行回顾性分析.     

中、重度少弱精子症患者冻融精子与新鲜射出精子的ICSI临床结局比较

目的研究中、重度少弱精子症患者冻融精子与新鲜射出精子对ICSI结局的影响。方法回顾性分析227对不育夫妇240个ICSI治疗周期,分为3组:新鲜重度少弱精子组(A组,107例,111个周期);新鲜中度少弱精子组(B组,71例,76个周期);冻融中、重度少弱精子组(C组,49例,53个周期)。比较各组的临床结果。结果新鲜重度、中度少弱精子组的可用胚胎率(分别为78.1%、75.0%)、优质胚胎率(分别为46.1%、46.2%)显著高于冻融组(分别为66.7%和37.4%)(P0.05),但3组间受精率、正常受精率、卵裂率、临床妊娠率、种植率均无显著性差异(P0.05)。新鲜中度少弱精子组与新鲜重度少弱精子组在可用胚胎率、优质胚胎率、受精率、正常受精率、卵裂率、临床妊娠率及种植率方面均无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论中、重度少弱精子症患者冻融精子行ICSI影响可用胚胎率和优质胚胎率,但不影响临床妊娠率和胚胎种植率。     

精子形态对体外受精结局的影响

目的探讨精子形态对常规体外受精(IVF)及单精子卵胞浆内注射(ICSI)周期的受精率、卵裂率、优胚率及妊娠率的影响。方法将2011年6月至2014年6月在我院行IVF/ICSI治疗的周期根据精子形态进行分组:IVF周期分为A组(正常精子形态2%),B组(2%≤正常精子形态4%),C组(正常精子形态≥4%);ICSI周期分为D组(正常精子形态2%),E组(2%≤正常精子形态4%),F组(正常精子形态≥4%),分别比较各组间受精率、卵裂率、优胚率及妊娠率的差异。结果 IVF周期中C组受精率显著高于B组和A组,差异具统计学意义(P0.05),卵裂率、优胚率及妊娠率在A、B、C组之间则无显著性差异(P0.05);ICSI周期中D组、E组、F组受精率、卵裂率、优胚率及妊娠率无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论畸形精子症会影响IVF周期的受精率,对ICSI周期的受精率无显著性影响。     

精液冻存时间对精液质量及受孕能力的影响

目的旨在探讨供精精液冻存时间对精液质量及受孕能力的影响。方法回顾性分析广东省人类精子库280对夫妇使用供精冷冻精液成功怀孕在再次生育时使用同一供精者精液用于人工授精技术的临床使用、随访反馈等相关资料。结果已确认妊娠的人工授精周期复苏后供精精液质量如下:精子浓度,首次生育时(67.5±19.8)×10^6/m L,再次生育时(69.3±21.7)×10^6/m L,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);前向运动精子百分比,首次生育时(54.7±8.8)%,再次生育时(51.0±7.0)%,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。再次生育精液与首次生育精液的冻存时间差与前向运动精子百分比差的相关性无统计学意义(P>0.05)。再次生育时精液周期妊娠率为20.9%,与同期首次生育的周期妊娠率21.49%相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论再次生育时精液质量与首次生育时比较略下降,提示精液冷冻保存时间的延长对精子活力有影响,但冷冻保存时间的长短与对精液质量影响大小的相关性无统计学意义。     

The cryopreservation of donor semen by a simplified method: use in an IVF and GIFT programme

The cryopreservation of semen used in assisted reproduction procedures was carried out exclusively by a simplified method in which a mixture of semen and cryoprotectant was contained in 1-ml tuberculin syringes and plunged directly into liquid nitrogen. Donor semen samples halved and frozen in syringes and in straws in a controlled-rate freezer showed no significant difference in post-thaw motility (P = 0.217) or survival (P = 0.217) after 30 min. However, after 180 min the survival rate showed a significant reduction in syringes (P = 0.045). A significant difference (P less than 0.00008) in the rate of fertilization of oocytes was seen in IVF cycles using frozen-thawed donor sperm (58/142, 42%) when compared to fresh sperm from husbands (2315/3926, 59%). A significant reduction (P less than 0.00005) in fertilization rate was also observed in the case of supernumerary oocytes in GIFT cycles with the cryopreserved donor sperm (29/132, 22%) compared to the husbands' sperm (239/514, 46%). However, the pregnancy rate following IVF and embryo replacement was the same after fertilization with fresh sperm (75/351, 21%) as opposed to frozen sperm (3/14, 21%). Furthermore, a higher pregnancy rate was observed in GIFT with frozen donor sperm (9/19, 47%) than with fresh sperm from husbands (28/103, 27%), though this was not statistically significant (P = 0.079). These results show this simplified methods of semen cryopreservation to be effective when used in an IVF and GIFT programme, giving pregnancy rates comparable to fresh normospermic semen samples. The method is simple, quick and inexpensive.     

冻存睾丸精子用于男性生殖力储备的探讨

目的:通过研究对无精子症患者实施睾丸活检或其他手术时冷冻睾丸精子经复苏后行卵细胞胞质内单精子注射(ICSI)助孕的临床效果,探讨冻存睾丸精子作为男性生殖力储备的有效性。方法:回顾性分析了在本院实施睾丸活检或其他手术时冷冻睾丸精子的患者96例,其中的55例已在本中心复苏冷冻精子行ICSI助孕共60个周期,评估其冷冻精子复苏、卵子受精、卵裂、可移植胚胎、优质胚胎、临床妊娠及其分娩情况。结果:复苏冻存睾丸精子60个周期均获成功,复苏后行ICSI技术助孕,受精率77.6%(513/661),2PN受精率69.4%(459/661),卵裂率99.4%(510/513),可利用胚胎率84.5%(431/510),优质胚胎率40.8%(208/510);所有周期均有可移植胚胎;新鲜胚胎移植52个周期,临床妊娠30例(临床妊娠率57.7%),双胎妊娠11例(其中1例双胎自然减为单胎),单胎妊娠19例,种植率为38.7%(41/106),流产率为3.33%(1/30)。目前,已经出生了20例健康婴儿(12个男婴,8个女婴),未发现先天缺陷儿;另外13例(7例单胎和6例双胎)继续妊娠中。结论:睾丸精子冷冻复苏后行ICSI助孕可以得到较好的临床结局。冻存睾丸精子是无精子症男性生殖力储备的有效方式。     

AIH治疗失败后行IVF-ET患者卵泡液中抗精子抗体和抗心磷脂抗体表达情况及妊娠结局

目的探讨夫精人工授精(AIH)治疗失败后行IVF-ET患者,卵泡液中抗精子抗体(AsAb)和抗心磷脂抗体(AcAb)表达情况及妊娠结局。方法回顾性分析2014年1月~10月在我院生殖中心AIH≥3次失败后行IVF-ET的79个周期,其中30个周期行IVF-ET后无优质胚胎移植或未妊娠者纳入A组,49个周期行IVF-ET后成功妊娠者作为对照B组,比较两组临床资料、获卵、受精及优质胚胎情况;应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法检测两组卵泡液中AsAb和AcAb的表达。结果两组年龄、不孕年限、体重指数(BMI)、激素等临床资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组受精率和优质胚胎数显著低于B组(P0.01);A组平均获卵数和卵裂率低于B组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。卵泡液中AsAb和AcAb在A组阳性率均显著高于B组(P0.01)。结论AIH≥3次未妊娠后行IVF-ET卵泡液中AsAb和AcAb阳性表达,可能影响受精、优质胚胎形成和胚胎种植生殖环节。     

按WHO《人类精液检查与处理实验室手册》第5版标准探讨精子形态对IVF-ET助孕结局的预测价值

目的:按WHO《人类精液检查与处理实验室手册》第5版(《WHO5》)标准探讨正常形态精子百分率对常规体外受精-胚胎移植的助孕结局及新生儿健康状况的预测价值。方法:采用《WHO5》标准把研究对象789例分为畸形精子症组(正常形态精子百分率<4%,35例)和正常组(正常形态精子百分率≥4%,754例),比较两组间正常受精率、卵裂率、优胚率、种植率、临床妊娠率、流产率及新生儿情况。结果:①两组间患者年龄(男、女方)、获卵数、女方平均身高及平均体重指数差异不显著(P>0.05);畸形精子症组的正常受精率、卵裂率、优胚率、周期冷冻率、种植率及移植周期妊娠率略低于正常组,而其流产率略高于正常组,但两组间各指标差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);②除外继续妊娠(畸形精子症组1例,正常组140例),随访789个移植周期已分娩228个婴儿,畸形精子症组15个(9单胎+3双胎),正常组213个(141单胎+36双胎),出生婴儿无先天性缺陷,两组间孕周、早产率、低体重发生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:按《WHO5》标准仅通过精子形态预测体外受精-胚胎移植的助孕结局及新生儿情况具有一定局限性。     

Analysis of the outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection using fresh or frozen sperm

Study Type – Diagnostic (retrospective cohort)
Level of Evidence 2b What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? The results of ICSI using fresh or frozen sperm on the site of sperm retrieval remains controversial with respect to outcome. The results of this study showed no difference in outcome using ICSI either with respect to the site of retrieval or whether the sperm used was fresh or frozen. It also showed that the outcome of ICSI is not related to the underlying cause of the azoospermia.

OBJECTIVES

? To compare the outcome of first‐attempt intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) ICSI–embryo transfer (ET) cycles using frozen‐thawed testicular sperm (FTTS), fresh testicular sperm (FTS), frozen‐thawed epididymal sperm (FTES) and fresh epididymal sperm (FES) so as to determine which of these has the most successful ICSI outcome with respect to fertilization rate (FR), pregnancy rate (PR) and birth rate. ? To assess the outcomes according to the underlying aetiology of azoospermia.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

? The records of 493 patients undergoing first‐attempt ICSI between 1993 and 2008 were reviewed retrospectively. FTS was used in 112 cycles, FTTS in 43 cycles, FES in 279 cycles, and FTES in 59 cycles. ? Within each group, the aetiology of the azoospermia was recorded according to history, clinical examination and histological analysis (n= 316). ? The FR, clinical PR and delivery rate were calculated for each group with respect to the type of sperm retrieval used.

RESULTS

? Analysis of the data showed no significant differences between any of the four groups in the FR, PR or delivery rate (P > 0.05). ? There were no significant differences seen between fresh sperm (FTS and FES) and frozen sperm (FTTS and FTES) or between epididymal sperm (FES and FTES) and testicular sperm (FTS and FTTS) in any of the outcomes measured (P > 0.05). However, sub‐set analysis showed a statistically higher FR and PR for FTTS over fresh sperm. ? When comparing aetiologies, there was no significant difference in the FR, clinical PR and delivery rate between obstructive azoospermia (OA) and non‐obstructive azoospermia (NOA) groups. However, sub‐set analysis showed a higher PR and birth rate for FTTS over fresh sperm in both OA and NOA groups.

CONCLUSIONS

? The results of the present study suggest that using frozen sperm in ICSI cycles is a reliable and favourable method with the same outcome as fresh sperm. ? Testicular and epididymal sperm have similar ICSI outcomes for both fresh and frozen samples. However, results suggest a tendency for higher PRs and birth rates for frozen than for fresh testicular sperm in both OA and NOA aetiologies. ? The aetiology of azoospermia does not significantly affect the outcome of first‐attempt ICSI. The higher rates in the frozen groups suggest that these patients have had better quality semen when they were initially harvested and frozen.     

长方案添加HMG时机对供精体外受精-胚胎移植结局的影响

目的比较长方案添加人绝经期促性腺激素(HMG)时机对供精体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-D)结局的影响。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2016年1月在本院生殖中心就诊进行IVF-D助孕的371例不育患者资料。所有患者均采取长方案进行控制性促排卵(COH),按照添加HMG时机分为两组:卵泡14mm时添加HMG为A组(227个周期),与rFSH同时添加HMG为B组(144个周期)。比较两组Gn总量及天数、HCG日E_2和P、获卵数、2PN率、成胚数、优胚率、胚胎着床率、临床妊娠率、流产率和活产率,并以年龄进行亚组分析。结果与B组相比,A组Gn总量和天数、HCG日的孕酮(P)水平以及优胚率均显著性降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组间HCG日E_2、获卵数、2PN率、成胚数、胚胎着床率的差异均无统计学意义,A组临床妊娠率和活产率均高于B组,流产率低于B组,但差异无统计学意义;35岁的患者中,A组比B组的Gn总量和天数少,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);≥35岁的患者中,B组的优胚率比A组多,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论长方案促排卵于卵泡晚期添加HMG在不影响妊娠结局的情况下,可以减少Gn用量,降低费用。     

低剂量阿司匹林在辅助生育技术中的应用

目的　探讨在进行体外受精 -胚胎移植 ( IVF-ET)或卵母细胞浆内单精子注射 ( ICSI)患者口服低剂量阿司匹林对治疗结果的影响。　方法　 IVF或 ICSI治疗的 3 2 4个 ET周期 ,分为是否服用阿司匹林两组 ,分别统计患者注射人绒毛膜促性腺激素 ( h CG)时子宫内膜厚度及 ET胚胎数 ,比较两组的胚胎种植率、临床妊娠率及流产率 ,并进行统计学处理。　结果　两组在注射 h CG日内膜平均厚度、ET中优质胚胎的比率及流产率均无显著性差异 ;未服用阿司匹林组的 ET胚胎数明显多于服用组 ( P<0 .0 1 ) ,而前者的种植率、临床妊娠率却明显低于后者 ( P<0 .0 1 )。　结论　低剂量阿司匹林在 IVF-ET或ICSI的辅助生殖治疗中能有效地提高胚胎种植率 ,增加患者的临床妊娠率     

经皮附睾穿刺取精精子冷冻复苏后卵细胞胞质内单精子注射治疗无精子症的初步研究

目的:回顾性分析27例无精子症患者经皮附睾穿刺取精术(PESA)所获精子冷冻复苏后行卵细胞胞质内单精子注射(ICSI)治疗后的效果及妊娠结局。方法:将诊断性附睾穿刺以及PESA治疗周期ICSI后所剩余活精子以常规方法加以冷冻,将复苏后找到了足量活精子并行ICSI的病例归为冻精组,而采用新鲜PESA活精子ICSI的病例则归为对照组。比较冻精组与对照组的受精率、种植率、临床妊娠率,同时分析两组间的妊娠并发症、新生儿出生及畸形等情况。结果:冻精组15个周期、对照组100个周期分别注射MⅡ期成熟卵子163、1 157个,受精率冻精组显著高于对照组(84.05%vs73.29%,P<0.05),种植率、临床妊娠率则两组间差异无显著性(23.07%vs15.73%;53.33%vs37.00%,P>0.05),新生儿出生体重差异亦无显著性(P>0.05)。冻精组共妊娠8例,已分娩5例,继续妊娠3例。对照组妊娠37例,已分娩30例,1例死胎;继续妊娠3例;流产4例。两组均未出现重大的妊娠并发症及新生儿畸形。结论:采用PESA冷冻精子ICSI是治疗男性无精子症的一种经济、有效、安全的方法;但PESA冻精复苏率有待于进一步提高。     

Comparison of pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection performed with frozen versus fresh testicular sperm

BackgroundIt remains controversial whether there is a difference in the prognosis of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) using frozen or fresh testicular sperm in patients with obstructive azoospermia (OA). Moreover, in the available studies, few have tracked neonatal outcomes. This study aimed to compare the pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of ICSI using cryopreserved sperm versus fresh sperm collected by testicular sperm aspiration (TESA).MethodsA total of 317 OA patients treated with ICSI in a university affiliated hospital from January 2016 to December 2020 were included in this study. The participants were divided into two groups according to the type of sperm used for ICSI: frozen sperm group (n=154) and fresh sperm group (n=163). The pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of the two groups were compared.ResultsThe data produced by this study showed no significant statistical difference in the 2 pronuclei (2PN) fertilization rate, 2PN cleavage rate, high-quality blastocyst rate, and the average number of transferred embryos in the frozen and fresh sperm groups. Similarly, no difference was found in implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, multiple pregnancy rate, miscarriage rate, premature delivery rate, live birth rate, and gender ratio at birth (P>0.05). The average newborn birth weight was similar in both groups (2,932.61±728.40 vs. 3,100.32±515.64 g, respectively) (P>0.05). A higher incidence of low birthweight (LBW) newborns was found in the frozen sperm group (20.91% vs. 8.49%) (P<0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that LBW is related to single or twin pregnancies (P<0.01), but not sperm (frozen or fresh) (P>0.05). We further analyzed the twin and single pregnancies in the two groups separately, and found that the incidences of LBW were both similar (P>0.05). There was no difference in the Apgar scores at 1 min and 5 min after birth between the two groups (P>0.05).ConclusionsThe use of frozen testicular sperm by TESA was efficient for men with OA. There were similar pregnancy and neonatal outcomes following TESA-ICSI using frozen or fresh sperm in this retrospective study. Prospective investigations are needed for further validation.