颈动脉螺旋CT血管成像技术

螺旋CT血管造影（spiral CT angiography，CTA）是继核磁共振和多普勒超声后又一种诊断血管性疾病的无创性检查方法。CTA对颈动脉狭窄的诊断价值在临床上已得到肯定。虽然多层螺旋CT对颈动脉疾病的诊断更为快捷、准确，但目前国内多层螺旋CT并未普及，因此本文就单层螺旋CT用于颈动脉血管成像的一些经验进行总结，为准备开展多层螺旋CTA作前期准备。     

64层螺旋CT血管成像对下肢动脉系统疾病的应用价值

目的:探讨64层螺旋CT血管成像术在下肢动脉疾病中的应用价值及技术优势。方法:对21例疑有下肢动脉疾病患者行64层螺旋CT增强扫描,扫描范围从肾动脉水平达足底。薄层重建横断面图像传入Wizard工作站,进行血管三维重建。其中21例结合常规血管造影评价64层螺旋CT血管成像术(CTA)的准确性。结果:在441个动脉节段中,435个节段在CTA与DSA均可以显示,在DSA图像上,狭窄闭塞的节段共130个(轻度狭窄16段,中度狭窄12段,重度狭窄22段,闭塞80段),最大密度投影(MIP)显示中度以上狭窄的敏感性、特异性及准确性分别为:99.1%、99.7%、99.5%。结论:64层CT血管成像是一种高度准确、非侵袭性的成像技术,在评估下肢动脉疾病方面与常规血管造影结果无明显差别,是下肢动脉疾病较好的影像学检查手段。     

16层螺旋CT下肢血管成像技术在诊断糖尿病足中的价值

目的 探讨16层螺旋CT下肢血管成像技术在诊断糖尿病足中的应用价值.方法 对30例临床拟诊糖尿病患者进行16层螺旋CT下肢血管成像检查,利用Smart prep跟踪技术,其中有5例进行DSA检查.结果 全部CTA检查均获得成功,其中28例优良,2例因为本身条件,图像有运动性伪影.共60支下肢动脉血管均存在股动脉以下不同程度的狭窄或闭塞,1级20支,2级15支,3级12支,4级9支,5级4支. 结论16层螺旋CT下肢血管成像技术可以直观、全面地诊断糖尿病足下肢多发性动脉疾病.     

CT血管成像在下肢动脉疾病中的应用价值

目的探讨64层螺旋CT血管成像术在下肢动脉疾病中的应用价值及技术优势。方法对33例疑有下肢动脉疾病患者行64层螺旋CT增强扫描,扫描范围从肾动脉水平达足底。薄层重建横断面图像传入Wizard工作站,进行血管三维重建。结合常规血管造影评价64层螺旋CT血管成像术(CTA)的准确性。结果在693个动脉节段中,683个节段在CTA与DSA均可以显示。以DSA图像为标准,对于动脉完全闭塞,CTA诊断的敏感度、特异性、准确性分别为97.6%(95%CI,94.9%~100.7%)、98.9%(95%CI,98.0%~99.8%)、98.7%(95%CI,97.9%~99.5%)。CTA显示中度以上狭窄的敏感性、特异性及准确性分别为98.9%(95%CI,97.4%~100.4%)、99.4%(95%CI,98.7%~100.1%)、99.3%(95%CI,92.4%~99.9%)。结论64层CT血管成像在评估下肢动脉疾病方面与常规血管造影结果无明显差别,是下肢动脉疾病理想的影像学检查手段。     

64层螺旋CT血管造影在诊断颅颈部血管病变中的应用

目的：探讨64层螺旋CT用于颅颈部血管成像的技术操作要点,分析影响成像质量的因素,评价64层螺旋CT无创性颅颈部血管造影在诊断颅颈部血管疾病中的临床应用价值。方法：对进行了CTA检查的50例怀疑颅颈部血管疾病患者的资料进行回顾性分析,以DSA及手术结果为金标准,评价CTA在颅颈部血管病变的诊断敏感性与准确性。结果：64层螺旋CT利用CTA显示动脉280节段,其中动脉狭窄235节段。与DSA或手术结果比较,符合的有260节段,不符合有20节段,不相符处主要表现在动脉狭窄的评估方面。CTA显示正常37节段,与DSA比较,符合31节段,不符合6节段。在所有检查结果中,以DSA或手术结果为金标准,经计算,其敏感性为97．4％。采用X^2检验统计学分析,CTA检查结果与DSA或手术结果之间差别无统计学意义。结论：64层螺旋CT颅颈部CTA成像无创、经济,简单易行,既能显示管腔又能显示管壁情况,弥补了DSA的不足。在颅颈部血管病变的诊断中具有较高的敏感性,可作为一种有效的无创性检测手段广泛用于颅颈部血管疾病的筛查、诊断和随访中。     

多层螺旋CT下肢动脉成像技术及临床应用新进展

随着老年化进程及糖尿病病人的增加,下肢动脉疾病日趋增多。影像检查技术包括多普勒超声、数字减影血管造影、磁共振血管成像以及多层螺旋CT血管成像越来越多地应用其中,特别是多层螺旋CT具有方便、快捷、直观、无创、特异性及敏感性高等特点,尤显临床价值。就近几年多层螺旋CT下肢动脉成像的技术及临床应用方面的新进展予以综述。     

多层螺旋CT下肢动脉成像技术及临床应用新进展

随着老年化进程及糖尿病病人的增加,下肢动脉疾病日趋增多.影像检查技术包括多普勒超声、数字减影血管造影、磁共振血管成像以及多层螺旋CT血管成像越来越多地应用其中,特别是多层螺旋CT具有方便、快捷、直观、无创、特异性及敏感性高等特点,尤显临床价值.就近几年多层螺旋CT下肢动脉成像的技术及临床应用方面的新进展予以综述.     

40层螺旋CT血管成像在下肢闭塞性动脉硬化症诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨40层螺旋CT血管成像(40-slice computedtomographic angiography,CTA)在下肢闭塞性动脉硬化症(arterioscleroticocclusive disease,ASO)诊断中的价值。方法对临床可疑下肢ASO的27例患者行CT血管成像检查,将数据在Lenonado工作站行容积再现(volume rendering,VR)、最大密度投影(maximum intensity projection,MIP)、曲面重建(curved planar reformation,CPR)及多平面重建(Multiplanar reformation,MPR)等多种后处理并结合原始图像进行综合分析。结果 27例432支血管中均存在以下不同程度的狭窄或闭塞,0级55支,Ⅰ级103支,Ⅱ级104支,Ⅲ级96支,Ⅳ级74支,下肢Ⅲ级以上狭窄最多发生在胫前动脉。9例患者术中所见与CTA一致。结论 40层螺旋CT血管成像可以清晰显示ASO的下肢动脉病变,了解下肢动脉狭窄程度及闭塞情况,对下肢动脉硬化性闭塞性病变的术前明确诊断和筛选治疗方案有很大的帮助。     

下肢动脉硬化性闭塞病的CTA,3D CE-MRA和DSA对照分析

本文通过CT血管成像(CT angiography,CTA)和三维增强磁共振血管成像(three-di mensional contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography,3D CE-MRA)及数字减影血管造影(DSA)的对照性研究,分析CTA、MRA显示下肢动脉狭窄的差异,评价CTA、MRA诊断下肢动脉硬化性闭塞病(arteriosclerotic occlusive disease,ASO)的临床价值。     

利用个性化注射方案优化64层螺旋CT下肢动脉成像

目的探讨64层螺旋 CT 血管成像(CTA)技术在下肢动脉成像中最优化的检查方案.方法利用GE LightSpeed VCT 对临床疑有下肢血管病变的48例病人进行下肢血管成像检查,分别采用个性化注射方案和传统注射方案进行检查,对两方案病例的影像评分进行比较,并以数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查作为标准.结果在接受检查的48例病例中,47例取得了满意的影像,1例在工作站上进行适当处理后,也获得满足临床诊断要求的影像.在采用不同注射方案的两组病例中,个性化注射方案组的影像评分明显优于传统注射方案组(t=2.343,P=0.028);对于中度及以上狭窄(50%~100%)的下肢血管,CTA 的敏感度、特异度分别为86.1%、86.6%.结论64层螺旋 CTA 是评估下肢动脉病变的一种可靠的检查方法,且与个体化注射方案结合是一种更为理想的方法.     

糖尿病足下肢动脉病变的影像学诊断与介入治疗研究进展

糖尿病足是糖尿病常见的慢性并发症之一,严重威胁着糖尿病患者的肢体健康。下肢动脉病变是糖尿病足的主要发病因素之一。临床上主要的影像学检查方法有：数字减影血管造影、CT血管成像、磁共振血管成像及彩色多普勒超声。介入治疗具有微创、安全、有效等优点,如今已广泛应用于糖尿病下肢动脉病变的治疗中。本文就糖尿病下肢动脉病变的影像学诊断及介入治疗的研究进展做一综述。     

64排螺旋CT冠脉成像在冠心病诊断中的应用

目的 评价64排螺旋CT冠状动脉(冠脉)成像(CTA)在冠心病诊断中的应用价值.方法 以选择性冠脉造影(SCA)结果为金标准,采用64排螺旋CT对68例疑诊冠心病患者的冠脉主干及主要分支272节段进行重建和分析,评价其诊断冠心病的灵敏度和特异度.结果 CTA能够清晰显示冠脉主干及其分支狭窄、钙化、开口起源异常及桥血管病变,CTA发现钙化病变52节段,SCA仅发现钙化病变35节段.CTA诊断冠脉病变的灵敏度96.33%,特异度98.16%,阳性预测值97.22%,阴性预测值97.56%.其中对左主干、左前降支病变及＞75%的病变灵敏度最高,分别达到100%和94.4%.结论 CTA对冠脉狭窄病变、桥血管、开口畸形、支架管腔均显影良好,对冠心病诊断有较高的准确性,对钙化病变诊断率优于冠脉造影,可以作为冠心病高危人群无创性筛选检查及冠脉支架术后随访手段.     

64排VCT冠状动脉成像与冠脉造影对冠心病诊断的对比研究

目的 探讨64排VCT冠状动脉造影检查对冠状动脉疾病的诊断价值.方法 连续性收集173例临床怀疑及确诊冠心病的患者,先后行64排VCT冠状动脉成像(CTA)及冠脉造影(CAG),对所有病例使用GE AW4.3独立工作站提供的冠状动脉分析软件进行分析,主要进行了最大密度投影重建(MIP)、多平面重建(MPR)、容积重建(VR),将获得图像与冠脉造影图像进行对比分析.结果 173例中CTA显示的冠状动脉直径>1.5 mm的节段有746个,发现冠状动脉狭窄的敏感性为94.15%(193/204),特异性为95.90%(514/536),阳性预测值为89.77%(193/215),阴性预测值为97.90%(514/525).配对χ~2检验结果说明CTA和CAG 2种检查方法在诊断冠状动脉狭窄病变上无统计学差异(χ~2=1.58,P＞0.05),CTA与CAG在显示冠状动脉狭窄分级方面的一致性检验(Kappa值=0.890,P<0.001),提示CTA与CAG在显示与诊断冠状动脉狭窄分级方面具有良好的一致性.结论 64排VCT作为冠状动脉疾患的筛选、内支架术后及血管搭桥术后疗效随访有很大的临床应用价值.     

多层螺旋CT对下肢血管病变的诊断价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT对下肢血管病变的诊断价值。方法 通过多层螺旋CT对26例患者行CTA或CTV检查，所有采集的数据经ADW4．0型工作站进行各种后处理，从而得出满意的临床诊断。结果 CTA以MIP．VR显示最佳，可清晰显示病变的位置、范围，血管壁的钙化程度。CTV由于静脉系统充盈欠佳，以MIP，MPR显示为佳，后者不仅可显示栓子的存在，而且可显示栓子的性质。结论 多层螺旋CT检查在诊断下肢血管病变方面优于传统的多普勒超声以及血管造影。     

Cardiac CT angiography (CTA) and nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI)-a comparison in detecting significant coronary artery disease

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Endowed with sufficient diagnostic accuracy, electron beam computed tomography angiography (CTA) is being increasingly used to evaluate coronary arteries. However, data on direct comparisons with nuclear myocardial perfusion studies are limited. In this study, we sought to compare the accuracies of CTA and myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) for identifying symptomatic patients with hemodynamically significant obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a single-center study, symptomatic outpatients who were scheduled for cardiac catheterization were prospectively enrolled. Only patients with exertional angina or dyspnea were included. After fulfilling the inclusion criteria, 30 patients were enrolled in the study (mean age 54 +/- 9 years and 70% males). Patients underwent MPI, CTA including coronary artery calcification (CAC) measure, and invasive coronary angiography for evaluation of obstructive coronary artery disease. Significant CAD was defined as >50% left main artery stenosis or >70% stenosis of any other epicardial vessel by invasive angiography. The sensitivities, specificities and predictive values of MPI, CAC, and CTA were analyzed per patient RESULTS: CTA demonstrated significant higher sensitivity than MPI (95% vs. 81%, P < .05). CTA demonstrated significantly higher specificity than both MPI (89% versus 78%, P = .04) and CAC (56%, P = .002). CTA also performed better in a per-vessel analysis (sensitivity 94%, specificity 96%) than both nuclear and CAC. There were no significant differences between the sensitivities and specificities of MPI and CAC. CONCLUSION: CTA accurately detects obstructive CAD in symptomatic patients and may be more accurate than MPI or CAC assessment. Larger studies in a more diverse population are needed.     

多层螺旋CT血管造影诊断髂及下肢动脉闭塞性病变的价值

目的:评价多层螺旋CT诊断髂及下肢血管闭塞性病变的价值。材料和方法:185例怀疑髂总动脉及下肢动脉闭塞性病变的患者行16层螺旋CT血管造影检查。其中大动脉炎6例,外伤4例和动脉粥样硬化175例。采用16层螺旋CT,层厚1.25mm,重建间隔1mm。100mL非离子造影剂(300mgI/mL)以4mL/s的速度经手背静脉或肘静脉注入,注射开始后25~30S进行扫描。在工作站获得多平面重建(MPR)、曲面重建(CPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)和容积重建(VR)图像,并应用血管分析软件测量血管狭窄程度。结果:128例CTA可显示髂及下肢动脉狭窄/闭塞。有7例患者行血管内支架治疗;26例行人工血管架桥或大隐静脉植入手术,31例患者同时进行了MSCTA和DSA检查。MSCTA对腘动脉以上和腘动脉以下狭窄和闭塞显示与DSA一致性好。结论:多层面螺旋CT是下肢血管病变的术前评价和术后复查非常有用的影像手段,可以替代有创的诊断性血管造影检查。     

128层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像筛查冠状动脉病变的临床价值

目的以选择性冠状动脉造影（SCA）为标准,评价128层螺旋cT冠状动脉血管成像（CTA）诊断冠状动脉疾病（CAD）的临床价值。方法回顾我院52例做过冠状动脉CTA与SCA的冠心病患者,进行对照分析。结果128层螺旋cT冠状动脉CTA可获得较好的图像质量,52例患者中,CTA成像检出心肌桥16例,血管内斑块形成98处;17例一侧明显型优势冠状动脉,冠状动脉狭窄86支,包括轻度狭窄22支、中度狭窄24支、重度狭窄40支,SCA诊断心肌桥6例,冠状动脉狭窄84支,包括轻度狭窄22支、中度狭窄21支、重度狭窄41支。结论冠状动脉CTA与SCA相比,不仅能对冠状动脉粥样硬化的狭窄程度作出判断,还可以对粥样斑块的病理性质、斑块的稳定性以及心肌桥提出明确诊断,可以用于CAD的筛查,几乎能代替诊断性的冠状动脉造影。     

Diagnostic performance of computed tomography digital subtraction angiography of the lower extremities during haemodialysis in patients with suspected peripheral artery disease

IntroductionWith intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography (DSA) considered as the gold standard, we compared the diagnostic value of computed tomography angiography (CTA) and computed tomography-digital subtraction angiography (CT-DSA in hemodialysis (HD) patients suspected of having lower limb peripheral artery disease (PAD).MethodsIn this retrospective study, we enrolled 220 HD patients with suspected PAD. CT-DSA images were obtained by subtracting unenhanced images from enhanced images. The research team calculated the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value (PPV, NPV), and recorded the diagnostic accuracy between the CTA and CT-DSA images using the DSA as gold standard. Visual evaluation of calcifications in the peripheral arteries were also compared between CTA and CT-DSA images.ResultsAt the above-knee level, the CTA AUC [95% confidence interval (CI)] was 0.68 (CI 0.64–0.72), sensitivity and specificity were 60 and 81%, PPV and NPV were 85 and 53%, and accuracy was 67%. Below the knee, these values were 0.66 (CI 0.62–0.70), 71 and 79%, 79 and 47%, and 66%. For CT-DSA, above-knee, the AUC [95% CI] was 0.88 (CI 0.85–0.91), sensitivity and specificity were 84 and 92%, PPV and NPV were 89 and 97%, and accuracy was 93%. Below the knee, these values were 0.95 (CI 0.93–0.97), 95 and 93%, 96 and 83%, and 93%. The scores for the visualization of calcification in the peripheral arteries was significantly higher for CT-DSA than CTA (p < 0.05).ConclusionsCT-DSA helps to assess stenotic PAD with high calcification in the lower extremities of HD patients.Implications for practiceOn CT-DSA images, the severity of vascular calcification can be assessed for HD patients suspected of PAD of the lower extremities.     

Value of arteriography scanning in lower limb artery evaluation: a preliminary study

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the feasability of CT Angiography (CTA) with a single row of detectors and to compare it to digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in the evaluation of lower limb peripheral arterial disease. MATERIAL: and methods. A total of 22 patients underwent 24 lower limb Helical CTA using a Somatom Plus 4A (Siemens) and 24 DSA using an Angiostar unit (Siemens). CT angiography was performed in one acquisition (collimation 3mm/ couch motion 9mm/ interval 2mm) with tube rotation time of 0.75 sec from the aortic bifurcation to the calf. DSA was performed after catheterization of a common femoral artery using the Seldinger technique. Arteries were classified in four categories (normal or stenosis<50%, stenosis>50%, occlusion, aneurysm). VRT images and axial source images were assessed by two independent radiologists whereas digital angiographies were read by a vascular radiologist. RESULTS: Global interobserver agreement was good (Kappa=0.71). The degree of agreement between CTA and DSA ranged from low to excellent (0.25 to 0.97) depending on the artery. CONCLUSION: Lower limb CT angiography is a promising non invasive technique. VRT allows quick evaluation. However, is not accurate enough to replace digital angiography.