改良视网膜脱离外路手术临床观察

目的 探讨改良视网膜脱离外路手术的临床效果.方法 对63例63只眼孔源性视网膜脱离,先在直肌下留置牵引线,预置环扎带,然后经巩膜排出视网膜下液、视网膜冷凝,环扎带下放置加压块,利用间接眼底镜观察硅胶填压块顶压裂孔位置是否正确,必要时修正加压块位置.术后观察视力、视网膜复位和并发症等情况.结果 术中显微镜直视下冷凝视网膜裂孔清晰可见,通过间接眼底镜观察视网膜复位情况、裂孔顶压位置全面,术后63只眼视网膜完全复位.结论 改良视网膜脱离外路手术具有简单、方便、直视、可靠和效果良好等优点.     

手术显微镜下的孔源性视网膜脱离手术

目的探讨手术显微镜直视下视网膜裂孔定位、冷凝在外路孔源性视网膜脱离手术中的应用及治疗效果。方法131例(133只眼)孔源性视网膜脱离行外路手术,术中均采用巩膜扣带、外放液、手术显微镜直视下视网膜裂孔定位、冷凝。结果129只眼硅胶填压准确,视网膜复位良好,无异常炎症反应。结论手术显微镜直视下裂孔定位准确,操作简单,疗效确切。     

显微镜下视网膜脱离手术

目的：探讨显微镜下视网膜脱离手术的可能性及结果。方法：对25例25只裂孔性视网膜脱离眼。先预置硅胶块和/或环扎带,然后,在手术显微镜监控下经巩膜电凝排出视网膜下液、视网膜冷凝,最后顶起硅胶填压块检查裂孔位置是否正确,眼内注入过滤空气或C3F8气体,定期观察术后视力、眼内反应和视网膜复位情况。结果：视网膜完全复位24只眼,再次外路手术后视网膜复位1只眼,视力提高21只眼,不变1只眼,下降2只眼,最好矫正视力在0.3以上14只眼,除 视网膜下液引起视网膜下出血2例和穿透视网膜1例外,其它病例排液顺利,所有病例显微镜直视下巩膜冷凝反应清晰可见。轻度屈光间质浑浊并不影响观察冷凝反应和裂孔定位。结论：显微镜下视网膜脱离手术具有简单、方便、直视、可靠和效果良好等优点。     

巩膜扣带眼内气体填充治疗赤道部大裂孔视网膜脱离

目的 评价巩膜扣带眼内气体填充治疗赤道部大裂孔视网膜脱离的疗效。方法 对20只眼赤道部大裂孔视网膜脱离、PVRB-C1者施行环扎、硅海绵与硅胶缝合体外加压、充分放液、轻度冷凝术后辅以氪激光光凝，出院观察6个月，随访其视力、视网膜复位、PVR变化及术后并发症。结果 巩膜扣带、眼内气体填充对赤道部大裂孔视网膜脱离PVRB—C1者疗效、视力有明显提高。未发生1例继发青光眼、并发白内障(玻体璃切割2只眼除外)，及前部缺血、眼外肌麻痹、硅胶海绵外露。结论 巩膜环扎、硅海绵缝合体外加压、充分放液、眼内气体填充、轻度视网膜冷凝，缓解玻璃体牵拉、封闭裂孔，减轻或扭转眼PVR进程，减少了术后复发，避免了视网膜玻璃体手术后发生一些并发症，是一种经济安全的方法。     

人工晶体眼视网膜脱离的手术治疗

目的观察人工晶体眼视网膜脱离的手术治疗效果。方法16例16眼患者，依据增生性玻璃体视网膜病变分级以及固定皱褶的部位，术前是否发现裂孔及裂孔部位选择手术。外路手术以巩膜环扎加外垫压冷凝放液及必要时的眼内注气；内外路结合手术以巩膜环扎加玻璃体切割及必要时的眼内注气或硅油注入加激光或冷凝。结果最终视网膜复位率达100％；一次手术复位12例，复位率75％；3例二次手术复位，1例3次手术复位。结论合理的选择手术方式，可以提高人工晶体眼视网膜脱离的复位率。     

手术显微镜下视网膜脱离外路手术的体会

目的探讨手术显微镜直视下行视网膜裂孔的定位,冷凝在视网膜脱离的外路手术中的应用及其效果。方法对裂孔源性视网膜脱离92例(92眼),在手术显微镜下进行手术。先预置硅胶带和(或)环扎带,然后进行裂孔的定位,冷凝,放液,检查裂孔位置和眼内注气。结果手术显微镜直视下进行裂孔定位,裂孔清晰不易遗漏,视网膜冷凝反应清晰可见,无严重手术并发症,一次手术视网膜复位83眼,再次手术视网膜复位5眼,最终视网膜复位率95.65%,视力≤0.1者18眼,占19.56%,视力>0.1~0.4者40眼,占43.48%,视力≥0.5者34眼,占36.96%。结论在手术显微镜下进行视网膜脱离的外路手术是一种易于掌握,疗效确切的手术方式。     

显微镜直视下视网膜脱离术

目的探讨显微镜直视下视网膜脱离手术的可能性。方法对裂孔性视网膜脱离患者36例36只眼,预置硅胶块和/或环扎带后,在手术显微镜直视下经巩膜电凝排出视网膜下液、视网膜冷凝、最后顶起硅胶填压块检查裂孔是否封闭。术后观察视力恢复及网膜复位情况。结果视网膜完全复位35眼,再次外路手术复位1眼。视力提高32眼,不变2眼,下降2眼,矫正视力在0.3以上33眼。除电凝外排液穿透视网膜和引起视网膜下出血1例外,其它病例排液顺利。所有病例在显微镜直视下冷凝反应均清晰可见,并且轻度屈光间质混浊不影响观察冷凝反应和裂孔定位。结论显微镜下行视网膜脱离手术具有简单、方便、清晰、可靠等优点。     

显微镜直视下巩膜外冷凝在视网膜脱离手术中的应用

目的探讨手术显微镜直视下巩膜外冷凝在视网膜脱离手术中的应用。方法26眼原发性（孔源性）视网膜脱离，先予置硅胶条带和／或环扎带。在手术显微镜直视下行视网膜裂孔及变性区冷凝及硅胶顶压后，检查裂孔位置足否正确。结果23眼术后视网膜完全复位，3眼复发。结论应用手术显微镜直视下巩膜外冷凝具有操作简单且疗效可靠。     

高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离玻璃体手术56例

目的：评价高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离玻璃体手术治疗效果。方法：高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离患56例,行玻璃体切除。PVRC110眼,C214眼,C332眼,伴周边部裂孔7眼,白孔11眼。手术中彻底清除玻璃体后皮质,或人工玻璃体后脱离剥膜,气液交换使视网膜复位,眼内填充200mL／L C3F845眼,白孔眼内硅油填充。并发周边部裂孔病例后行巩膜外环扎裂孔冷凝。术后给予抗炎降眼压处理。气泡变小裂孔愈合不佳,裂孔周围氪黄激光封闭或再次补充气体。注气俯卧位14d以上。所有患随访3～12mo。结果：黄斑裂孔闭合、视网膜复位53例,周边裂孔闭合7例。术后视力提高46眼(82．1％),黄斑裂孔术后视力无变化10眼。结论：玻璃体切除联合眼内填充C3F8或硅油治疗高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离是安全有效的。     

孔源性视网膜脱离手术60例疗效分析

目的分析视网膜脱离的手术方法和效果。方法印例孔源性视网膜脱离患者，分别采用裂孔定位后经巩膜CO2冷凝、视网膜下放液、硅胶外加压或环扎、玻璃体注气等方法治疗。结果术后随访3个月至1a，视网膜复位55例．53例患者视力提高，未愈者原因包括玻璃体增殖膜形成、无晶状体眼、巨大裂孔等。结论巩膜冷凝和硅胶外加压或环扎是治疗孔源性视网膜脱离常用有效的方法，应掌握手术适应征并根据具体情况选择手术方式。     

巩膜扣带术治疗陈旧性视网膜脱离

目的:观察巩膜扣带术治疗陈旧性视网膜脱离的效果。方法:选取38例38眼陈旧性视网膜脱离患者,术中直视下定位、冷凝视网膜裂孔。针对不同病例36眼于裂孔处缝合硅海绵(其中19眼加缝硅胶环扎带),另2眼单纯行环扎术。26眼进行了视网膜下液引流术,7眼在手术前、后联合了激光光凝术。结果:其中33眼单次手术视网膜解剖复位,首次手术复位率87%,2眼再次手术后复位,手术最终解剖复位率92%。术中及术后无严重并发症发生。结论:通过个体化设计手术方案,巩膜扣带术治疗伴有视网膜下增生的陈旧性视网膜脱离可获得较高的手术治愈率。     

光凝和冷凝在孔源性视网膜脱离复位术中的对比应用

目的:比较光凝和冷凝在视网膜脱离复位术中的临床应用。方法:回顾分析2007-02/2009-08简单孔源性视网膜脱离复位术中应用术后光凝封闭裂孔42眼及术中冷凝封闭裂孔39眼的临床效果。结果:光凝组一次手术复位率为100%,冷凝组一次手术复位率为94.9%。术后视力改善光凝组为37眼(88%),冷凝组为29眼(74%),两组对视力的改善差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:巩膜外垫压联合术后激光也是治疗简单孔源性视网膜脱离的一种简单、有效的手术方式。     

Low redetachment rate due to encircling scleral buckle in giant retinal tears treated with vitrectomy and silicone oil

BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to identify risk factors for redetachment and to assess long-term anatomic and functional results of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for retinal detachment associated with giant retinal tears (GRT). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In a retrospective study the authors analyzed 30 eyes which were operated with PPV for GRT retinal detachment in their clinic between March 1998 and August 2003. RESULTS: Redetachment rate after one vitrectomy procedure in this series of 30 eyes was 30% (n = 9), and ultimately, the retina was attached in 29 (96.7%) eyes. After multivariate analysis the absence of an encircling scleral buckle (P = 0.008) was significantly associated with redetachment. Visual acuity improved in 54% of the eyes. CONCLUSION: Vitrectomy with an encircling scleral buckle seems to be a preferred treatment for complicated retinal detachments due to GRT.     

The role of the vitreous in retinal detachment surgery with external buckling

PURPOSE: To prove the role of the vitreous in retinal detachment surgery with scleral buckling procedures, we retrospectively investigated the charts of patients who were operated on for retinal detachment by scleral buckling between January 1995 and June 1997. METHODS: Out of a total of 718 cases, 41 retinal detachments occurred in previously vitrectomized eyes. The buckling procedure consisted of silicone sponge explants in 513 cases (254 radial, 259 circumferential) and of encircling elements in 202 cases. Three eyes received a temporary balloon. The minimal follow-up was 3 months. RESULTS: After primary surgery in the 677 nonvitrectomized eyes, the retina was attached in 482 eyes (71.2%), after reoperation in 627 eyes (92.6%). With up to 3 reoperations (including vitrectomy with gas or silicone oil tamponade in 79 eyes), the final success rate was 98.7%. The corresponding reattachment rates in the 41 vitrectomized eyes were 82.9% after primary surgery and 97.6% after reoperation. Repeated surgery in 6 eyes consisted of successful internal tamponade by silicone oil. The reattachment rates after primary buckle procedure are of most interest to the role of the vitreous: the highest success rate (82.9%) was achieved in the vitrectomized eyes versus 71.2% in the nonvitrectomized eyes. The difference is statistically not significant. CONCLUSIONS: We therefore conclude that the absence of the vitreous has no adverse effect on the results of buckling procedures for retinal detachment. The choice of the surgical technique in treating retinal detachments in vitrectomized eyes should only determined by retinal findings such as the number and extent of breaks or the presence and stage of proliferative vitreoretinopathy.     

Scleral buckle with diathermy for simple retinal detachments. 100 pneumatic retinopexy eligible eyes.

One hundred consecutive pneumatic retinopexy eligible eyes underwent outpatient scleral buckle and diathermy. Follow-up averaged 31 months. Four cases required a second operation. Absence of an encircling band was the only significant risk factor (P = 0.00000028) for the three redetachments because of new or missed retinal tears. Although 18 patients had some other disease that reduced visual acuity before the retina detached, final visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 79 patients. Matched with a reported series treated by pneumatic retinopexy with cryopexy, these scleral buckle with diathermy cases exhibit significantly better final visual acuity with fewer major complications. The final acuity is also better than for two similar series, one treated with temporary balloon buckle and the second with scleral buckle and cryopexy. Use of diathermy rather than cryotherapy in the zone of retinal detachment may be the reason for the current group's better final acuity results.     

Intrusion of an encircling buckle after retinal detachment surgery

PURPOSE: To report a patient with intrusion of the encircling buckle late postoperatively after surgical treatment of a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. DESIGN: Interventional case report. METHODS: We performed an encircling buckle procedure on a 77-year- old woman with a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Four years after the operation, the encircling buckle intruded into the vitreous cavity. RESULTS: After 3 months of diagnosis of the intrusion, the retina was detached totally. CONCLUSIONS: Intrusion of the encircling buckle without any additional segmental buckling element is a very rare late complication of retinal detachment surgery.     

巩膜穿刺孔玻璃体嵌顿是玻璃体手术失败的首要原因

目的探讨巩膜穿刺孔玻璃体嵌顿与玻璃体手术失败的关系。方法对连续49例(49只眼)玻璃体手术后视网膜脱离患者,根据术中探查,将巩膜穿刺孔内口玻璃体嵌顿分为5级:0级:无任何玻璃体嵌顿;Ⅰ级:穿刺孔内口玻璃体嵌顿,但对视网膜无牵拉;Ⅱ级:玻璃体嵌顿,对视网膜产生牵拉,表现向前移位;Ⅲ级:视网膜嵌顿在穿刺孔内口处;Ⅳ级:玻璃体嵌顿牵拉形成视网膜裂孔。Ⅲ和Ⅳ级定为是手术失败的主要原因,Ⅱ级判为手术失败的次要原因,0和Ⅰ级为非巩膜穿刺孔并发症引起的手术失败。结果患者原发疾病为裂孔性视网膜脱离22例,眼外伤21例(包括取眼内异物8例);分支静脉阻塞和化脓性眼内炎各2例;糖尿病性视网膜病变和急性视网膜坏死综合症各1例。做过1次玻璃体手术37例,2次以上12例。前段增生性玻璃体视网膜病变分级:单纯视网膜环形收缩2例;视网膜前移位31例(合并环形收缩11例)。主要因巩膜穿刺孔并发症引起的手术失败占57.2%(28例),巩膜穿刺孔并发症为次要原因占20.4%(10例),二者占77.6%。非巩膜穿刺孔并发症引起的手术失败占22.4%(11例)。结论巩膜穿刺孔玻璃体嵌顿的并发症是玻璃体手术失败的首要原因。     

外伤性视网膜脱离的玻璃体手术治疗

目的:评价外伤性视网膜脱离的玻璃体手术治疗方法及疗效。方法:对24例(24眼)外伤性视网膜脱离患者行常规经平坦部玻璃体切除、膜剥离、松解性视网膜切开、眼内激光、硅油或长效气体眼内填充等治疗,部分病例联合巩膜扣带术;随访3～24mo,观察疗效。结果:24眼术后视网膜均复位,视力均有不同程度的提高,随访期间,19例视网膜保持平复,5例复发视网膜脱离,其中3例经再手术视网膜复位,另2例因眼球萎缩未再手术。结论:外伤性视网膜脱离多伴有浓密的玻璃体积血、视网膜嵌塞及严重的增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变(prolifera-tivevitreoretinopathy,PVR),通过适时的玻璃体手术能获得比较满意的治疗效果。     

Ultrasound biomicroscopy of sclerotomy sites: the effect of vitreous shaving around sclerotomy sites during pars plana vitrectomy

PURPOSE: To study the difference in the amount of vitreous incarceration between conventional pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and PPV with vitreous shaving around sclerotomy sites. METHODS: A dynamic in vivo examination using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) was performed on the sclerotomy sites of 22 eyes after PPV. Patients were divided into two groups. In the study group (n = 11), the vitreous was completely shaved from the internal initial sclerotomy by cotton-tip depressed vitrectomy under coaxial illumination. In the control group (n = 11), no vitreous shaving was performed. RESULTS: Vitreous incarceration into sclerotomy sites was significantly less in the study group compared with the control group (P <0.001). No difference was seen among the three sclerotomy sites regarding vitreous incarceration within individual eyes. No difference was seen between eyes operated by right- and left-handed surgeons. CONCLUSIONS: Vitreous shaving of sclerotomy sites using depressed vitrectomy significantly reduces vitreous incarceration. This may reduce the rate of sclerotomy-related complications following PPV in selected cases.     

有晶状体眼的全玻璃体切除术

目的 :探讨有晶状体眼切除全玻璃体的可能性及其效果。方法 :对 4 8例 ( 50只 )有晶状体眼患者 ,做标准经睫状体平部三通道玻璃体切除术 ,同时将基底部和睫状体平部玻璃体一起切除。其中裂孔性视网膜脱离 1 4只眼 (包括巨大裂孔 3只眼 ) ,闭合性眼外伤 4只眼和开放性眼外伤 1 1只眼 (包括化脓性眼内炎 2只眼 ) ,黄斑部疾病 7只眼 ,各种原因玻璃体出血 5只眼 ,静脉周围炎 4只眼 ,急性视网膜坏死综合征 3只眼 ,糖尿病性视网膜病变 2只眼。手术后定期检查视力、眼球前段、眼底和眼压 ,最后复诊时用压陷三面镜检查并在再次手术中探查睫状体平部。结果 :充分全玻璃体切除 38只眼 ,部分全玻璃体切除 1 2只眼。无巩膜穿刺孔玻璃体嵌顿和轻度嵌顿者占 86 % ,未发生前段增生性玻璃体视网膜病变。无咬伤晶状体和睫状体并发症。一次手术成功率是 90 % ,再次视网膜和玻璃体手术总的成功率是 94 % ,患者视力较术前明显提高 (P <0 .0 5)。主要并发症是医源性视网膜裂孔、角膜上皮水肿、巩膜穿刺孔并发症、青光眼、视网膜再脱离和术中术后白内障。结论 :有晶状体眼全玻璃体切除术切实可行 ,能预防或减少与巩膜穿刺孔相关的并发症和前段增生性玻璃体视网膜病变。