颅骨表皮样囊肿的影像学表现及文献回顾

目的 探讨颅骨表皮样囊肿CT及MRI表现特点.方法 回顾性分析7例经手术证实的颅骨表皮样囊肿的CT及MRI表现,3例行CT及MRI平扫,其中2例行MRI增强扫描,4例只行CT扫描.结果 病变发生于枕骨4例,顶骨2例,颞骨1例.7例CT表现为颅骨膨胀性骨质破坏,类圆形或分叶状,边缘锐利,周围见断续钙化边或硬化带,病变中心呈混杂密度,3例病灶内可见死骨样高密度影.MRI表现为T1WI混杂低信号,T2WI混杂高信号,脂肪抑制序列呈高信号,增强扫描病变较小者无明显强化,病变较大者周围见淡薄线样强化,囊内容物无强化.当囊内容物中以蛋白、胆固醇结晶为主、轻微钙化时,CT表现为混杂密度,其内可出现高密度影,对应的MR T1WI呈等或高信号,T2WI为低或等信号.手术显示病变相邻脑实质均未受累.结论 CT与MRI结合对术前诊断颅骨表皮样囊肿很有价值.     

颅内表皮样囊肿的非典型CT和MRI表现

目的 探讨颅内表皮样囊肿的非典型CT和MRI表现,提高对本病的认识.方法 收集经手术病理证实的8例表皮样囊肿,术前均行MRI平扫,其中2例行扩散加权成像(difussion weighted imaging,DWI)检查,CT检查5例.MRI增强扫描4例.结果 8例表皮样囊肿发生于桥小脑角2例,大脑纵裂2例,脑实质2例,颅骨2例.CT显示囊肿表现为均匀高密度2例;混杂密度1例;囊壁及囊内钙化2例.MRI平扫2例T1WI呈均匀高信号,T2WI呈稍高、高信号;3例T1WI和T2WI呈混杂信号;3例T1WI呈不均匀低信号,T2WI呈高信号;其中1例DWI表现为高信号.4例MRI增强扫描显示囊壁显著环形强化和囊内不均匀强化2例,囊壁轻度强化2例.结论 颅内表皮样囊肿的CT和MRI非典型表现主要包括CT呈高密度、混杂密度、囊壁和囊内钙化,MRI T1 WI、T2WI呈高信号、混杂信号,增强扫描显著环形强化,在诊断时应充分结合DWI检查,以提高术前诊断准确性.     

支气管源性囊肿的CT及MRI表现

目的 探讨支气管源性囊肿的CT及MRI表现,以期提高对其诊断及鉴别诊断水平。方法 选取80例经手术病理证实的支气管源性囊肿的影像学资料,并分析总结其影像表现特点。80例患者中42例行CT增强扫描,32例行CT平扫,3例行MRI平扫,3例同时行CT增强扫描与MRI平扫。结果 80例支气管源性囊肿中,72例为含液囊肿,5例为含气囊肿,3例为含气、液囊肿。其中位于纵隔者57例,肺内14例,异位9例。病灶呈类圆形、条形或分叶形。11例病灶囊壁可见点状、条状钙化。行CT增强扫描12例囊壁有轻度强化;行MRI平扫T2WI均呈高信号,T1WI呈等、稍低或稍高信号。结论 支气管源性囊肿的CT和MRI表现有一定的特点,病灶无明显强化、囊壁钙化灶及磁共振T2WI呈明显高信号等影像表现,对于其诊断和鉴别诊断有一定的价值。     

侧脑室表皮样囊肿的磁共振影像表现及其扫描技术分析

目的回顾性分析侧脑室表皮样囊肿的磁共振成像(MRI)表现,探讨磁共振(MR)扫描技术在侧脑室表皮样囊肿诊断中的价值。方法分析12例手术病理证实为侧脑室表皮样囊肿的MR影像表现及术前做MR常规平扫、增强扫描和T2FLAIR以及磁共振弥散加权成像(DWI)资料。结果 11例T1WI呈低信号,1例T1WI呈高信号,脂肪抑制像未能抑制。12例T2WI呈高信号,稍高于脑脊液。10例T2FLAIR囊内见不同数量的絮状稍高信号影,其中有2例仅在边缘出现少量絮状等高信号影。DWI均表现为明显高信号,信号不均匀。增强多无强化或或囊壁轻度强化,其中2例发生恶性变者局部囊壁呈结节状及花环状明显强化。结论侧脑室表皮样囊肿MR表现具有一定的特征性,对本病的诊断与鉴别诊断具有价值。侧脑室表皮样囊肿病灶检出方面,DWI均优于MRI平扫以及T2FLAIR,是首选扫描技术。     

脑内型表皮样囊肿的CT和MRI诊断

目的探讨脑内型表皮样囊肿的CT和MRI影像表现特点,提高对脑内型表皮样囊肿影像诊断的准确性。资料与方法回顾性分析5例经手术病理证实的脑内型表皮样囊肿患者的CT和MRI影像资料。5例患者均行CT平扫检查,其中4例行CT增强检查。5例患者中4例行MRI平扫检查,其中2例行MRI增强检查。结果 5例中,3例位于小脑半球,1例位于基底节区,1例位于额叶。肿瘤呈不规则形或分叶状,与周围组织分界清晰。CT平扫为较均匀或轻度不均匀低密度,CT值-22～26 HU之间。MRI平扫T1WI上肿瘤呈不均匀低信号,内部可见散在絮状略高信号;T2WI及液体衰减反转恢复(FLAIR)图像上呈不均匀高信号。CT及MRI增强检查病灶均无明显强化。结论脑内型表皮样囊肿的CT、MRI表现较具有特征性,尤其是MRI对其诊断有重要价值。     

体部不典型表皮样囊肿的MSCT与病理表现

目的 探讨体部不典型表皮样囊肿的MSCT特征及病理表现.方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的33例患者共36个病灶的临床、MSCT及病理资料,其中26例行CT增强扫描.结果 31例单发,2例多发.病灶主要位于躯干部(17/36),其次为头面部(12/36),发生于四肢(7/36)者较少.囊壁增厚并强化者19个(52.8％),呈片状软组织密度并不均匀强化者7个(19.4％),病理显示继发感染、肉芽肿性炎或不同程度的异物巨细胞反应;呈高密度者6个(16.7％),其中伴钙化4个;完全钙化者4个(11.1％),病理示囊内同样为豆腐渣样物质,与角化物皂化及钙化或是含有较高浓度蛋白成分有关.结论 体部不典型表皮样囊肿MSCT表现具有一定特征性,且能够反映病灶炎症、感染及钙化等病理特点.     

颅内表皮样囊肿的CT、MRI及DWI诊断

目的:通过分析55例颅内表皮样囊肿CT、MRI和DWI表现,探讨表皮样囊肿的影像学诊断和鉴别诊断。方法:对55例经手术病理证实的颅内表皮样囊肿的CT、MRI及DWI表现进行回顾性分析。男33例,女22例。全部病例均行MR平扫检查,其中26例行MR增强扫描,18例行扩散加权成像,26例行CT平扫检查,5例行CT增强扫描。结果:表皮样囊肿位于脑外29例,脑实质23例,脑室3例。CT平扫24例呈低密度,2例密度稍高于脑实质。51例类似脑脊液信号,1例呈短T1短T2信号,2例呈短T1长T2信号,1例T1WI大部分呈等信号,少部分为低信号,T2WI呈低信号。2例囊壁似有轻微强化。DWI上囊肿均表现为高信号,且ADC值高于脑实质。结论:形态不规则、类似脑脊液信号、DWI呈高信号、不强化是表皮样囊肿的影像学表现特点,不典型表皮样囊肿可呈其它密度和信号变化,可根据不强化和DWI呈高信号与其它类似病变鉴别。     

卵巢表皮样囊肿的影像学表现(附2例报告并文献复习)

目的 探讨卵巢表皮样囊肿的影像学表现.资料与方法 回顾性分析2例经病理证实的卵巢表皮样囊肿的CT、MRI表现.结果 卵巢表皮样囊肿CT表现为囊性占位,囊液大部分均匀,水样密度,囊壁光整.MRI表现为囊液T1WI低信号,T2WI高信号,囊内见不定形团块状、云絮状及结节状无强化角化物,囊壁可强化,囊液无强化.CT及MRI均显示囊壁有局部增厚.结论 卵巢表皮样囊肿的影像学表现有一定的特征性,认识其表现有助于对该病的诊断.     

骶前间隙表皮样囊肿MRI表现特征

目的 探讨骶前间隙表皮样囊肿的MRI表现特征.方法 回顾性分析4例经手术和病理证实的骶前表皮样囊肿的MRI表现,并对国内外相关文献复习.结果 4例均位于骶前间隙,呈囊性病变,囊壁薄而均匀,囊液呈T1WI均质或不均质低信号,T2WI不均质高信号,囊内可见云絮状或结节状角化物,呈T1WI等信号,T2WI低信号.结论 骶前表皮样囊肿的MRI影像学表现具有特异性.     

胰腺少见囊性病变的CT及MRI诊断

目的 探讨胰腺少见囊性肿瘤的影像学特征,提高诊断水平. 方法 回顾分析经手术病理证实的11例少见胰腺囊性肿瘤的临床特征及术前平扫和增强的CT、MRI表现,其中表皮样囊肿4例, 淋巴上皮囊肿4例,淋巴管瘤3例. 结果 (1)表皮样囊肿病变位于胰尾部,囊壁光滑完整,CT平扫囊性病变内的实质成分和脾的密度相同.CT和MRI增强后实质成分表现出和脾完全相同的强化方式.(2)淋巴上皮囊肿老年男性多见,病变呈现多房状境界清楚的肿块.CT平扫呈等密度,MRI T_1WI和T_2WI上混杂的等高信号,增强后囊壁分隔强化.(3)淋巴瘤表现为体尾部的分叶状多囊性病变,CT平扫密度略低于胰腺实质,MRI平扫呈长T_1长T_2信号.增强后分隔和囊壁轻度强化,肿瘤不与胰管交通,胰管轻度受压移位.结论胰腺少见的囊性病变具有一定的特征性的临床和影像学特征.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）