双源CT低碘浓度对比剂联合低kV和非迭代重建技术在冠状动脉CTA检查中的临床价值

【摘要】目的：评价在不同碘浓度对比剂和不同管电压的条件下采用非迭代重建技术后冠状动脉CTA的图像质量,并探讨其临床价值。方法：选取解放军第九七医院2014年5-10月50例临床怀疑冠心病的患者,随机分为A、B两组,每组25例,A组检查条件为管电压120kVp、对比剂碘浓度370mg I/mL;B组为管电压100kVp、对比剂碘浓度270mg I/mL。对2组患者行冠状动脉CTA检查后,图像采用滤过反投影（FBP）法进行重建,分别测量及计算右冠状动脉（RCA）近段及左冠状动脉主干（LMA）的CT值、信噪比（SNR）、对比信噪比（CNR）、图像质量主观评分、CT容积剂量指数（CTDIvol）、剂量长度乘积（DLP）及有效辐射剂量（ED）。结果：2组间RCA近段、LMA管腔内CT值、SNR、CNR及图像质量主观评分的差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）,而2组间CTDIvol、DLP及ED比较B组均低于A组,有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：低碘浓度对比剂（270mg I/mL）联合低kV（100kVp）通过非迭代重建技术仍可获得管电压120kVp及对比剂碘浓度370mg I/mL扫描条件下相同质量的图像,不仅可以满足诊断需要,还可以减低辐射剂量。     

低管电压、低浓度对比剂冠状动脉CTA检查的可行性分析

目的探讨宝石能谱CT采用低管电压、低浓度对比剂行冠脉CTA检查的可行性分析。方法搜集我院行冠脉CTA检查、BMI28kg/m2的患者170例,随机分为A、B两组,A组85例为双低组,管电压100k V,管电流500m As,对比剂威视派克270mg I/ml,ASiR40%迭代重建;B组85例为常规组,管电压120k V,管电流500m As,对比剂欧乃派克350mg I/ml,FBP重建。两组均采用前置性门控成像序列,扫描后将图像传入工作站进行后处理。图像质量由两名高年资放射科医生进行双盲法主观评分。客观评价为测量主动脉根部(AO)、左主干(LM)、左前降支(LAD)、左回旋支(LCX)及右冠状动脉(RCA)近端的CT值及噪声,计算信号噪声比(SNR)及对比噪声比(CNR),记录辐射剂量(CTDIvol,DLP,ED)、碘摄入量进行统计学分析。采用2个独立样本的t检验和非参数检验,P0.05认为差异有统计学意义。结果在辐射剂量上,双低组的CTDIvol、DLP、ED及碘摄入量明显低于常规组(P0.05),而图像质量评分无统计学差异,双低组在主观评分上略优于常规组。客观评价中,双低组中一半指标(10个)的图像质量有显著提高(P0.05),特别是CT值,在5个部位的比较中均有显著提高。另外,双低组中,多个部位的相关性分析提示CNR、SNR与BMI呈显著负相关(P0.05),而在常规组中,尚不能认为有相关性存在。结论采用低管电压100k Vp,低浓度对比剂威视派克270mg I/ml联合ASiR40%行冠脉CTA检查不仅可以获得良好的图像,而且大幅度降低了辐射剂量和碘摄入量。     

双低扫描结合迭代重建在有效降低冠状动脉 CTA 检查风险中的应用研究

目的：探讨低电压、低浓度碘对比剂在冠状动脉 CTA 成像应用过程中降低 X 线辐射剂量的可行性研究。方法选取CCTA 检查患者80例,分为4组,每组20例：Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组采用120 kV,350 mA,碘海醇350 mg I/mL,Ⅰ组使用滤波反投影重建算法(FBP),Ⅱ组使用自适应统计迭代重建算法(ASIR);Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组采用100 kV,350 mA,威视派克270 mg I/mL,Ⅲ组使用 FBP 算法,Ⅳ组使用 ASIR 算法,4组病例均使用前瞻性心电门控技术。根据原始图像及最大密度投影(MIP)图像评价冠状动脉各分支的图像质量,分别测量主动脉根部、左冠状动脉(LM)、左前降支(LAD)、回旋支(LCX)、右冠状动脉(RCA)的 CT 值进行比较。比较4组病例中的对比剂碘的用量、噪声、对比噪声比(CNR)、剂量长度乘积(DLP)并计算有效剂量(ED),进行统计学分析。结果优选后的双低组(Ⅳ组)与对照组(Ⅱ组)比较,图像中各支血管 CT 值差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。双低组 DLP 值、ED 值与对照组比较,2组差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论低电压、低浓度对比剂结合适当的迭代重建技术在冠状动脉 CTA 应用中可满足临床诊断需要,降低 X 线辐射及碘对比剂对患者的危害。     

低管电压和低浓度对比剂结合Idose4迭代算法在CT对肾动脉血管成像的应用

目的探讨低碘浓度对比剂(300 mgI/ml)结合低管电压(100 kV)联合idose4迭代重建算法在肾动脉CT血管成像应用中的可行性。方法选取并分析在我院行肾动脉CTA检查的94例患者资料,随机分为标准组(52例)及双低组(42例)进行扫描,常规组扫描方案:管电压120 kVp,对比剂浓度350 mgI/ml。双低组扫描方案:管电压100 kVp,对比剂浓度300 mgI/ml;比较两组临床资料,图像质量主、客观评价指标、CT辐射剂量及对比剂用量。结果常规组及双低组别年龄及体重指数差异无统计学意义(P=0.576,P=0.621)。图像质量主观评价及分支显示差异无统计学意义(P=0.374,0.526),双低组血管衰减、信噪比、CNR明显高于标准组组(均P<0.05)。两组肾动脉分支的图像质量和显示情况相似(P>0.05)。与标准组相比,双低组CTDIvol、DLP和ED分别降低26.43%、35.22%和为32.76%。结论在100 kVp、欧乃派克300 mgI/ml条件下应用于肾动脉血管成像,可以提供良好的图像质量,同时较常规方案降低了患者的辐射剂量以及不良反应发生率。     

低浓度对比剂联合低电压和迭代重建算法在320排CT冠状动脉成像中的应用

目的 探讨低浓度对比剂联合低电压和迭代重建算法行320排CT冠状动脉成像的可行性.方法 选取心率≤70次/min、心律规则的60例患者,随机分为A、B2组,各30例,A组管电压120 kVp,370 mg I/mL对比剂,滤波反投影算法(FBP)重建;B组管电压100 kVp,270 mg I/mL对比剂,自适应迭代剂量减低算法(AIDR 3D)重建.采用双盲法评价2组间冠状动脉各节段图像质量的差异,比较2组兴趣区增强CT值、噪声(SD)、信噪比(SNR)、对比噪声比(CNR)、剂量长度乘积(DLP)和有效辐射剂量(ED)的差异.结果 60例检查成功率为100％.注射对比剂时患者有明显热感者B组(4/30)明显低于A组(25/30).主观评价2组间可诊断的节段差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).2组兴趣区增强CT值差异无统计学意义,但SD、SNR以及CNR均有显著差异(P＜0.05).2组间DLP和ED差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),B组较A组降低约50％.结论 采用低浓度对比剂(270 mg I/mL)联合低电压(100 kVp)和迭代重建算法(AIDR 3D)在320排CT冠状动脉血管成像中能获得满意的诊断图像,且患者舒适度好,并能有效降低辐射剂量.     

低浓度低剂量对比剂宝石能谱CT肺动脉成像的初步研究

目的:探讨应用低浓度、低剂量对比剂宝石能谱CT肺动脉成像的可行性.方法:60例临床拟诊为肺动脉栓塞(PE)的患者随机分成两组,每组30例,行CT肺动脉血管成像(CTPA)检查.A组为常规组,使用浓度为370 mg I/mL的对比剂碘帕醇,用量为60 mL,扫描管电压为120 kVp.B组为能谱组,使用浓度为300 mg I/mL的对比剂碘帕醇,用量为20 mL,扫描方式为能谱模式(GSI).比较常规组和能谱最佳单能量组肺动脉CT值、图像背景噪声、信噪比(SNR)、对比噪声比(CNR)、CT剂量指数(CTDIvol)、剂量长度乘积(DLP)、有效辐射剂量(ED)及图像质量主观评分的差异.结果:B组肺动脉最佳单能量图像能量水平集中在63～68 keV.能谱组(7.5g)较常规组(24.0g)所用的碘总量明显下降,两组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).能谱最佳单能量组图像质量与常规组CTPA相比,两者肺动脉CT值、图像噪声、SNR、CNR、DLP、ED以及主观评分之间差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:宝石能谱CT低浓度、低剂量对比剂CTPA检查,在降低人体碘摄入量的同时,能达到与常规120 kVp结合高浓度、常规剂量对比剂相当的图像质量,且辐射剂量未增加.     

双低MSCT技术对非肥胖患者门脉成像的临床研究

目的:探讨联合应用低管电压和低对比剂方案用于非肥胖患者门静脉成像(MSCTP)的可行性.方法:纳入接受MSCTP、体质量指数≤25 kg/m2的患者160例,采用数字法随机分为2组,每组80例.常规组管电压为120 kVp,对比剂用量为1.2 mL/kg,双低组管电压为80 kVp,对比剂用量为1.0 mL/kg.采用独立样本t检验比较各组CT剂量容积指数(CTDIvol)、有效管电流(mAs)、剂量长度乘积(DLP)、有效辐射剂量(ED)和对比剂用量、肝实质CT值(CTH)、门静脉CT值(CTp)、图像噪声(SD)、肝实质SNR(SNRH)、门静脉与肝实质CNR(CNRp)的差异;采用秩和检验比较两组图像评分.采用Kappa检验两位医师评分结果一致性.结果:双低组CTDIvol[(4.59±1.03) mGy]低于常规组CTDIvol[(7.50±1.45) mGy(P＜0.05)],均有统计学差异;双低组ED[(1.71±0.50) mSv]低于常规组[(2.75±0.67) mSv(P＜0.05)];双低组平均辐射剂量比常规组减少了1.05 mSv,减少38.09％;双低组图像质量评分(3.93±0.88)高于常规组[(3.33±0.81),有统计学差异(P＜0.05)];双低组CTH和CTp分别为(126.74±30.59)和(223.78±45.85) HU均明显高于常规组(95.60±15.89)和(161.47±25.37) HU,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);双低组SD(24.61±2.77) HU高于常规组(1.65±3.38) HU,P＜0.05],双低组SNRH为(5.20±1.24) HU低于常规组SNRH(7.00±2.44) HU,差异有统计学差异(P＜0.05),但是双低组门静脉与肝实质CNRp为(4.33±0.97) HU与常规组(4.67±1.44) HU比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);双低组平均对比剂用量为(66.56±2.48) mL显著低于常规组[(80.48±2.97) mL(P＜0.05)],双低组平均造影剂用量较常规组减少17.30％.结论:采用80 kVp低管电压结合低剂量和对比剂方案对非肥胖患者进行MSCTP能降低辐射剂量和对比剂用量并进一步提高图像质量.     

体质指数、窄R-R间期结合前瞻性心电门控和迭代重建技术在CTCA三低成像中的应用

【摘要】目的：探讨体质指数（BMI）、窄R-R间期结合前瞻性心电门控和迭代重建技术在CTCA三低（低管电压、低对比剂浓度、低对比剂用量）成像中的应用价值。方法：选取300例临床疑有冠状动脉疾病的患者行CTCA检查,分为常规组和实验组;常规组100例,对比剂浓度和管电压分别为〖JP2〗350mg I/mL和120kV（350mg I/mL-120kV）,BMI≤30kg/m2;实验组200例,其中100例BMI＜23kg/m2的患者按随机数字法分成320mg I/mL-80kV组(A组)和350mg I/mL-120kV组(B组),另100例BMI为23～30kg/m2的患者按同样方法分成320mg I/mL-100kV组(C组)和350mg I/mL-120kV组(D组),A、B、C、D每组各50例。常规组采用迭代重建技术及350mg I/mL的碘海醇,实验组中A、C两组采用迭代重建技术及320mg I/mL的碘克沙醇,B、D两组采用非迭代重建技术及350mg I/mL的碘海醇;对每位患者的CTCA图像进行主观评分,测量容积剂量指数(CTDIvol)、剂量长度乘积(DLP)、有效辐射剂量(ED)、图像噪声、冠状动脉CT值、信噪比(SNR)和对比噪声比(CNR),并进行统计学分析。结果：常规组与实验组的CTCA图像质量评分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),而碘对比剂用量及辐射剂量两组差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05);实验组内A组与B组、C组与D组间图像质量主观评分差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05),而CTDIvol、DLP、ED差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05)。A组与B组、C组与D组的噪声及CT值差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05), A组与B组、C组与D组的平均SNR及平均CNR差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05)。结论：与常规双源CT冠状动脉成像方案相比,基于体质数、窄R-R间期结合前瞻性心电门控与迭代重建技术的CTCA,不仅可大幅降低辐射剂量,同时可以降低碘对比剂浓度和用量,所获得的冠状动脉图像质量均能满足临床诊断要求。     

双低剂量联合迭代重建技术在急性脑梗死容积CT全脑灌注成像中的可行性应用

【摘要】目的：探讨低浓度对比剂、低管电压联合迭代重建技术在急性脑梗死患者全脑灌注成像（CTP）中的可行性应用。方法：选取2014年9月-2015年3月在徐州医学院徐州临床学院行全脑CTP检查、临床拟诊为急性脑梗死患者59例,随机分为A、B两组,A组28例［管电压100kV,对比剂为碘海醇(350mg I/mL),滤波反投影重建法（FBP）重建］;B组31例［管电压80kV,对比剂为碘克沙醇（270mg I/mL）,迭代重建算法（ART）重建］。测量并计算A、B两组的大脑中动脉CT值、信噪比（SNR）、对比噪声比（CNR）、剂量长度乘积（DLP）、有效辐射剂量（ED）及碘摄入量,并对两组间上述指标进行统计学分析;2名医师对两组图像质量评价的一致性采用kappa分析;两组间图像质量主观评价差异采用χ2检验。结果:A、B两组间的CT值、SNR、CNR、CTP及CTA的图像主观质量评价差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）;两组间梗死灶的检出率无统计学差异;而B组（双低剂量组）的ED、碘摄入量较A组低。结论：联合低管电压和迭代重建技术时,使用低浓度对比剂（270mg I/mL）进行全脑CTP检查,在不降低图像质量的同时,还能减少ED及碘摄入量,从而降低对比剂肾病(CIN)的风险。     

能谱 CT 冠状动脉成像中双低技术的应用研究

目的：探讨能谱 CT 低辐射剂量结合低浓度对比剂在冠状动脉血管成像中的应用。方法60例疑诊冠心病患者随机分为 A、B 2组,每组30例。A 组使用350 mg I/mL 对比剂、行常规 CT 扫描,B 组使用300 mg I/mL 对比剂、行宝石能谱低剂量 CT扫描。均采用前瞻性心电门控扫描模式。扫描后 A 组常规重建40%ASiR 序列,B 组重建单能量65 keV、40%ASiR 序列轴面图像,传入 AW4.6工作站重建分析。由2名有经验的医师进行双盲法主观评分;测量主动脉窦部(AS)、左主干(LMA)、左前降支近端(LAD-p)、左回旋支近端(LCX-p)、右冠状动脉近端(RCA-p)CT 值,AS 的噪声(SD)、心包内脂肪 CT 值及 SD,计算信噪比(SNR)、对比噪声比(CNR)。记录 CTDI、DLP,计算有效辐射剂量(ED)。记录碘摄入量。采用两独立样本 t 检验比较2组患者的ED、碘摄入量、平均 CT 值、SD、SNR、CNR。结果2组间图像质量主观评分差异和冠状动脉测量段 CT 值差异均无统计学意义。B 组的 ED 较 A 组降低约29%,差异有统计学意义。碘摄入量 B 组较 A 组减少了约16%。结论冠状动脉 CT 血管成像时,应用能谱低辐射剂量扫描,重建最佳单能量图像,能有效降低辐射剂量和碘摄入量,可获得与常规扫描相当的图像质量。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.