van der Heijde 影像学评分在类风湿关节炎量化评定中的应用价值

目的 探索van der Heijde影像学评分在判断类风湿关节炎(RA)疾病活动度和治疗效果中的应用价值.方法 收集194例经临床证实的RA患者的临床及双手X线正位平片资料,选用DAS28临床评分和van der Heijde评分来对治疗前后的RA病情活动性进行量化评分,并对其进行统计学分析.结果 DAS28评分与van der Heijde评分之间存在显著相 关性(r=0.29,P＜0.000 1),说明van der Heijde评分高则临床症状严重.治疗前后DAS28评分间有统计学差异(P＜0.05),说明临床症状改善明显.但治疗前后van der Heijde评分间没有统计学差异(P=0.83),说明影像学上改善不明显.且患者治疗6月后DAS28评分差值与van der Heijde评分差值间无显著相关性(P=0.38).结论 van der Heijde评分值与DAS28值密切相关,可以作为判断患者病情严重程度的一个重要参考指标.但van der Heijde评分在判断患者治疗后病情是否好转上存在一定困难.     

肝脾失调型早期类风湿关节炎影像学征象与RANK/RANKL/OPG系统相关性研究

目的 :探讨肝脾失调型早期类风湿关节炎(RA)影像学征象与细胞核因子κB受体活化因子(RANK)/细胞核因子κB受体活化因子配基(RANKL)/护骨素(OPG)系统的相关性,寻找一种更完善的识别早期RA骨破坏的预警指标。方法:将符合诊断标准的90例RA早期患者进行辨证分型,分别行双手/腕和双下肢前后位平片影像学检查,并进行分期及影像学评估。按其骨侵蚀程度分为骨侵蚀组和非骨侵蚀组,观察2组中医症候量化与28个关节疾病活动度(DAS28)评分、实验室指标与影像学征象,并进行统计学分析。结果:非骨侵蚀组占70.0%(63/90),骨侵蚀组占30.0%(27/90)。骨侵蚀组Sharp总评分为(3.5±5.6)分,关节狭窄评分为(14.0±7.3)分,关节侵蚀评分为(17.5±6.5)分。骨侵蚀组Sharp评分与风湿指标、骨代谢指标均有明显相关性(均P0.05),尤其是与RANKL、OPG明显相关(均P0.01);与TRAP显著相关(均P0.05);与抗CCP抗体明显相关(均P0.01)。结论:RA发病早期,肝脾失调的功能表现大多早于关节局部症状,且RANKL、OPG、RANKL/OPG、TRAP、抗CCP抗体水平比其影像学变化能够更早预示RA出现骨质破坏的可能,抗体水平越高,预示将来进展性骨质破坏可能愈严重。     

MRI动态增强技术对活动性类风湿性关节炎疗效判断的应用价值

目的探讨3.0T MRI动态增强技术对活动性类风湿性关节炎患者治疗效果判断的应用价值。方法选取48例治疗前DAS28评分≥3.2分的中高度活动性的RA患者,在接受正规治疗前及治疗后6个月分别行病变较重的单侧腕关节MRI平扫加动态增强扫描及图像后处理分析,分别选取目标腕关节周围滑膜异常强化区域6个感兴趣区,自动生成时间-信号TIC曲线,描述曲线形态并计算第4个时相的早期强化率;计算并记录入组患者治疗前、后DAS28评分分值。将患者治疗前、后DAS28评分分别与所测第4个时相的早期强化率进行Pearson相关性分析;对患者治疗前、后DAS28评分及第4个时相的早期强化率分别进行统计学分析,采用配对样本T检验,以P0.05认为差异具有统计学意义。结果治疗前患者MR腕关节动态增强滑膜感兴趣区TIC曲线为速升平台型或速升缓升型,治疗后曲线为缓升型或近似基线型。患者治疗前、后第4个时相的早期强化率分别为(136.4±5.6%,42.6±12.4%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05,t值为4.527);治疗前、后DAS28评分(5.36±0.67)分,(2.77±0.45)分,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05,t值为2.337)。治疗前后DAS28评分与治疗前、后第4个时相的早期强化率呈正相关,相关系数r值分别为(0.744和0.806;P值为0.01)。结论 MR动态增强TIC曲线的形状、早期强化率对活动性RA患者治疗效果的判断具有较高价值。     

抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体及类风湿因子对诊断类风湿关节炎的意义

目的评价抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体(抗CCP抗体)在类风湿关节炎(RA)诊断中的意义。方法收集临床确诊的80例RA患者、56例非RA自免病患者和126例健康体检者的血样标本,同时以ELISA法检测抗CCP抗体,以散射比浊法检测类风湿因子IgM-RF。结果IgM-RF和抗CCP抗体诊断RA的敏感性分别为78.75%和67.75%,抗CCP抗体和RF诊断RA的特异性分别为97.62%和65.85%。抗CCP抗体和lgM-RF两者均阳性诊断RA的特异性(99.20%)高于单独检测IgM-RF(P<0.05)。结论抗CCP抗体、RF均是RA良好的血清学诊断指标,两者有相关性,联合检测可提高RA诊断的准确性。     

利用van der Heijde评分对类风湿关节炎双手的X线表现分析

目的 利用van der Heijde评分来分析类风湿关节炎(RA)患者的双手X线表现特点和预后情况.方法 回顾分析139例经临床证实的RA患者的双手X线正位平片资料,选用van der Heijde评分来对治疗前后的RA病情严重程度进行量化评分,并对其进行统计学分析.结果 RA右手侵蚀情况较左手明显,双手侵蚀评分间有统计学差异(P=0.032 7＜0.05),而两手关节狭窄情况差异不大(P=0.08).RA患者腕关节侵蚀性改变最严重,其次是近侧指间关节,掌指关节及第1掌骨近端侵蚀性改变最轻.近侧指间关节间隙狭窄最严重,腕关节间隙狭窄程度紧随其后,而掌指关节间隙狭窄最轻.治疗前后RA侵蚀评分均值分别为36.65和35.57,治疗前后RA侵蚀评分间无明显差异(P=0.058 6>0.05).治疗前后RA狭窄评分均值分别为33.40和34.12,治疗前后RA狭窄评分间有统计学差异(P=0.027 6＜0.05).说明治疗后双手侵蚀改变好转不够明显,而狭窄情况则有加重趋势.治疗前RA患者的van der Heijde评分值为70.05,治疗前后van der Heijde评分差值为0.36,两者间有显著相关性(r=0.322 6;P=0.000 1＜0.05).说明治疗前RA患者的van der Heijde评分值越高,治疗后的好转程度就更大.结论 通过van der Heijde评分能分析RA双手X线表现特点,并提示治疗后可以有所好转.     

MRI联合CT对类风湿性关节炎骨质侵蚀程度检测与预后的相关性

目的探讨骨髓水肿和骨侵蚀对类风湿性关节炎(RA)疗效观察的价值,以及与预后的关系。方法选取确诊的类风湿患者34例,于治疗前进行腕关节的MRI、CT检查,检查范围包括双侧腕关节和第2~5掌指关节,所有患者确诊后均进行正规类风湿治疗,间隔6个月后对患者进行MRI、CT随访观察,参照OMERACT RAMRIS评分系统和X线简易狭窄侵蚀评分(simple erosion narrowing score,SENS)对RA骨髓水肿(bone marrow edema,BME)、骨侵蚀进行评分,分析治疗有效组和无效组之间各征象治疗前后评分差异,以及各征象相关性。结果 MRI的BME评分和骨侵蚀评分、SENS评分、治疗效果有显著相关性(r=0.919,P=0.000;r=0.884,P=0.000;r=0.493,P=0.003),治疗效果和MRI骨侵蚀评分、SENS评分显著相关(r=0.487,P=0.004;r=0.509,P=0.002)。有效组和无效组MRI骨髓水肿治疗前后评分变化值差异有统计学意义,有效组平均变化值10.0±5.9,无效组0.9±10.5,(Mann-Whitney Test,P=0.003),ROC曲线下面积为0.836,P=0.003,治疗前后评分差值≥6.5为治疗有效标准,敏感度为80%,特异度为77.8%;有效组和无效组MRI骨侵蚀评分和SENS评分治疗前后评分变化值差异无统计学意义(Mann-Whitney Test,P=0.679;P=0.055)。结论 MRI联合CT检查可半定量反映患者骨侵蚀和关节破坏程度,MRI水肿评分与骨侵蚀程度显著相关,可为预后判断提供帮助。MRI骨髓水肿作为临床疗效观察的指标,具有较高的特异度和敏感度。     

抗环瓜胺酸肽抗体和葡萄糖-6-磷酸异构酶抗原在类风湿性关节炎中的意义

目的探讨抗环瓜胺酸肽抗体（cyclic citrullinatedpeptide,CCP）和葡萄糖-6-磷酸异构酶抗原（glucose-6-phosphate isomerase,GPI）在类风湿性关节炎中的意义。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）间接法检测90例RA患者血液中的CCP抗体,采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）同样检测90例RA患者血液中的GPI。结果在GPI组Ⅳ期的RA阳性率明显高于Ⅰ期及Ⅱ期～Ⅲ期患者（P〈0.05）,有统计学意义。CCP组在Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期～Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期无统计学意义。GPI在ESR〉100组的阳性率显著高于ESR〈40和40≤ESR≤100组（χ^2=10.045,P=0.007）;抗CCP在各组的阳性率无显著性差异（χ^2=4.432,P=0.109）。结论抗CCP抗体和GPI抗原在RA的诊断中都有重要意义。抗CCP抗体在RA的早期诊断和骨侵蚀方面更有价值,而GPI抗原特异性高于抗CCP抗体和RF,同时,它还能反映关节的炎症程度及RA的活动性。     

抗CCP抗体与RF联合检测诊断类风湿关节炎的意义

目的探讨抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体（抗CCP抗体）与类风湿因子（RF）联合检测诊断类风湿关节炎（RA）的意义。方法用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）法检测抗CCP抗体,胶乳增强免疫比浊法定量检测RF。结果155例RA患者抗CCP抗体阳性104例,阳性率67．1％。RF阳性109例,阳性率70．3％;126例非RA患者抗CCP抗体阳性6例,阳性率4．76％,RF阳性35例,阳性率27．8％;抗CCP抗体对RA诊断的敏感性为66．6％,特异性为94．8％;RF对RA诊断的敏感性为70．3％,特异性为70．8％;抗CCP抗体或RF某一项阳性时对RA诊断的敏感性为82．6％,特异性为75.3％;抗CCP抗体和RF联合检测时对RA诊断的敏感性为75．1％,特异性为99．1％。抗CCP抗体对RA诊断的敏感性低于RF,两者比较差异无统计学意义（χ2=0．317,P〉0．05）;但特异性高于RF,两者比较差异具有统计学意义（χ2=20．22,P〈0．01）。结论用ELISA法检测抗CCP抗体,操作简单,不需要特殊设备,和RF检测一样对RA诊断均具有较好的敏感性和特异性,但抗CCP抗体的检测对RA的诊断更具有高度的特异性,两者联合检测可提高RA诊断的准确性。     

四项检测指标对类风湿关节炎的临床诊断价值

目的探讨抗环瓜氨酸肽(CCP)抗体、类风湿因子(RF)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和红细胞沉降率(ESR)检测对类风湿关节炎的临床诊断价值。方法检测75例类风湿性关节炎(RA)患者、45例非RA的风湿病患者和30例健康体检者的血清hs-CRP、ESR、抗CCP抗体和RF水平;比较抗CCP抗体和RF敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预示值;测定RA患者的实验室指标。结果RA组和非RA组抗CCP抗体、RF、hs-CRP、ESR明显高于健康对照组(P<0.01);RA组抗CCP抗体和RF水平均高于非RA组(P<0.05),而RA组的hs-CRP和ESR水平与非RA组无明显差异(P>0.05);两者联合检测的特异性和阳性预测值均明显高于单独检测(P<0.05);抗CCP抗体阳性的RA患者CRP、ESR均高于阴性者(P<0.05)。结论 联合检测抗CCP抗体和RF有利于提高RA检测的特异性,对RA的早期诊断有意义;抗CCP抗体对疾病活动的判断有重要意义。     

血清葡萄糖-6-磷酸异构酶在类风湿关节炎疾病活动及骨侵蚀中的作用

目的 探讨类风湿关节炎(RA)患者血清中葡萄糖-6-磷酸异构酶(GPI)与疾病活动的关系及其在骨侵蚀中的作用。方法 选择2019-08至2021-02在山西省汾阳医院风湿免疫科就诊的RA患者105例,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清GPI值,根据GPI滴度分为GPI阳性组和GPI阴性组,比较两组患者临床资料、实验室指标,如关节肿胀数(SJC)、关节压痛数(TJC)、抗环瓜氨酸肽(CCP)抗体、类风湿因子(RF)、红细胞沉降率(ESR)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)等,计算28个关节计数法疾病活动度评分即DAS28评分;同时完善影像学检查,包括双手X线正位片和骨密度,计算Sharp评分。给予所有患者规范治疗并定期随访,在治疗3、6、9、12个月后评估疾病活动度,记录DAS28评分,于治疗1年后复查双手正位片和骨密度。结果 GPI阳性组SJC[5.00(4.00, 6.00)]、TJC[6.00(5.00, 8.75)]、ESR[(58.70±23.40) mm/h)]、CRP[21.82(13.55, 31.90) mg/L]、 DAS28评分(5.44±0.69)高于GPI阴性组[4...     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.