抑郁症症状晨重夕轻与某些生化物质的关系

目的:探讨抑郁症患者脑脊液生长抑素和单胺代谢产物水平与临床症状晨重夕轻特征的关系。方法:应用放射免疫测定法和高效液相色谱法,测定10例有晨重夕轻和14例无晨重夕轻抑郁症患者,以及25例对照者的脑脊液生长抑素(SS)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)代谢产物5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)代谢产物3-甲基-4-羟-苯乙二醇(MHPG)和多巴胺(DA)代谢产物高香草酸(HVA)的浓度,对3组脑脊液生长抑素和单胺代谢产物的浓度进行比较。结果:抑郁症无晨重夕轻组脑脊液SS浓度(17.4±8.1)ng/L,分别低于晨重夕轻组(22.8±10.9)ng/L和对照组(28.6±15.6)ng/L(P<0.05),而晨重夕轻组和对照组差异却无显著性(P>0.05)。晨重夕轻组5-HIAA浓度(6.5±0.4)ng/L,分别低于无晨重夕轻组(7.4±1.2)ng/L和对照组(10.7±4.9)ng/L(P<0.05),无晨重夕轻组5-HIAA浓度也低于对照组(P<0.05)。晨重夕轻组和无晨重夕轻组MHPG浓度(60.9±44.0)ng/L和(62.2±47.1)ng/L差异无显著性(P>0.05),但均低于对照组(109.8±79.2)ng/L(P均<0.05)。HVA在3组之间差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:抑郁症患者临床症状晨重夕轻的特征可能是5-HT功能严重低下的结果。     

病毒性脑炎患者脑脊液5-羟色胺、多巴胺改变及其与精神异常的关系

目的探讨病毒性脑炎患者脑脊液5-羟色胺(5-HT)、多巴胺(DA)等的改变及其与精神异常的关系。方法采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测69例病毒性脑炎患者和21例其他疾病患者对照脑脊液的5-HT、DA及其代谢产物5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)和高香草酸(HVA)的水平。结果①患者组脑脊液的5-HT、5-HIAA和5-HIAA/HVA比值明显低于对照组(P<0.01),5-HT/DA比值低于对照组(P<0.05),而HVA明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。②患者组划分亚组后进一步比较的结果显示,除无精神异常组的5-HT和对照组的差异无统计学意义外(P>0.05),其余上述指标有或无精神异常组与对照组的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);有精神异常组脑脊液中的5-HIAA低于无精神异常组(P<0.05);阳性症状为主组脑脊液中的5-HT、5-HIAA、5-HT/DA和5-HIAA/HVA比值低于阴性症状为主组(P<0.05),5-HT、5-HIAA和5-HIAA/HVA比值低于无精神异常组(P<0.05),而阴性症状为主组与无精神异常组各指标差异无统计学意义。结论病毒性脑炎患者脑脊液中可能存在5-HT和DA功能失衡,且这种失衡可能与患者出现的精神症状有关。     

脑脊液5-羟色胺和多巴胺及其代谢产物在病毒性脑炎和精神分裂症鉴别诊断中的价值

目的探讨脑脊液5-羟色胺（5-HT）、多巴胺（DA）及其代谢产物水平在病毒性脑炎和精神分裂症鉴别诊断中的价值。方法对病毒性脑炎和脑膜脑炎患者（简称病脑组）67例、精神分裂症患者37例和病例对照患者21例采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）检测其脑脊液中5-HT、DA、5-羟吲哚乙酸（5-HIAA）和高香草酸（HVA）水平,并进行比较。结果（1）病脑组5-HT、5-HIAA、5-HIAA／HVA和5-HT／DA均明显低于病例对照组（P〈0．05～0．01）,而HVA则明显高于病例对照组（P〈0．01）;病脑组脑脊液中5-HIAA、5-HIAA／5．HT和5-H｜AA／HVA日月显低于精神分裂症组（均P〈0．01）,而HVA／DA则高于精神分裂症组（P〈0．05）;精神分裂症组脑脊液中5-HIAA／5-HT高于病例对照组（P〈0．05）,5-HT／DA低于病例对照组（P〈0．05）。（2）病脑组有精神症状者脑脊液中5-HIAA浓度低于无精神症状者（P〈0．05）,5-HT、5．HIAA、5-HIAA／5．HT和5-HIAA／HVA均低于精神分裂症组（P〈0．05～0．01）,而HVA／DA高于精神分裂症组（P〈0．05）。结论病毒性脑炎患者脑脊液中可能存在5-HT和DA系统失衡;脑脊液中5-HT、DA及其代谢产物的水平可能有助于病毒性脑炎和精神分裂症的鉴别诊断。     

帕金森病患者立体定向手术前后脑脊液单胺类递质含量的改变

目的　研究帕金森病 (PD)患者脑立体定向手术前后脑脊液 (CSF)中单胺类递质含量的变化。方法测定 2 6例原发性PD患者 (PD组 )脑立体定向术前、后CSF中多巴胺 (DA)、5 羟色胺 (5 HT)、去甲肾上腺素 (NE)及其代谢产物高香草酸 (HVA)、5 羟吲哚乙酸 (5 HIAA)、3 甲氧基 4羟基苯乙二醇 (MHPG)的含量 ,另外测定 2 5例外科疾病腰麻手术患者 (对照组 )CSF中HVA、5 HIAA、MHPG含量。结果　PD组CSF中HVA、5 HIAA、MHPG含量明显低于对照组 (P <0 0 0 1、P <0 0 5、P <0 0 0 1) ;手术后组的CSF中DA、HVA ,、5 HT、5 HIAA、NE、MHPG含量明显高于手术前组 (其中DA、HVA、5 HT、5 HIAA和NE均P <0 0 0 1;MHPGP <0 0 5 )。结论　PD患者CSF单胺类神经递质代谢产物含量明显降低 ,脑立体定向术可提高PD患者脑部单胺类神经递质及其代谢产物的含量 ,其发生机制可能与DA能神经元的保护作用有关     

家族性与散发性精神分裂症中枢5—羟色胺多巴胺相互作用比较

应用高压液相色谱(HPLC)对20例家族性和47例散发性精神分裂症进行了脑脊液中5-羟色胺(5-HT)、多巴胺(DA)及代谢产物5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)、高香草酸(HVA)进行测试，并以它们的比值作为两者相互作用指标，结果发现家族性精神分裂症患者5-HIAA／HVA比值显著高于散发性精神分裂症（t=2．086，P=0．041)，而两组5-HT／DA未见著显性差异，本文就这种相互作用指标与阳性家族史的关系进行了对论。     

帕金森病伴发抑郁的神经递质改变

目的探讨帕金森病伴发抑郁的神经递质改变.方法用抑郁自评量表(CESD)和汗密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评出帕金森病伴发抑郁患者33例,其中轻度抑郁24例,重度抑郁9例;另取阑尾炎、腹股沟疝、内、外混合痔等25例为对照组.应用日本岛津6A高效液相色谱仪,岛津电化学检测器对两组患者进行了脑脊液(CSF)中单胺类神经递质代谢产物5-羟吲哚已酸(5-HIAA)和3-甲氧-4羟苯乙二醇(MHPG)的含量测定.并进行统计处理.结果两组均数用近似法t检验,(两总体方差不齐)以-x±S表示,结果显示患者组中的5-HIAA和MHPG含量均低于对照组,差异有非常显著性.结论本组通过测定5-HT的代谢产物5-HIAA和NA的代谢产物MHPG,证实了PD伴发患者抑郁的患者其CSF中5-HIAA和MHPG含量显著减少,抑郁症状被认为与5-HT和(或)NA的缺乏有关.本文显示PD伴发抑郁有其生化病理基础.     

阻塞性脑积水患者之脑室脑脊液的高香草酸及5-羟吲哚乙酸的浓度

高香草酸(HVA)及5-羟吲噪乙酸(5-HIAA)分别为中枢神经介质多巴胺(DA)及5-羟色胺(5-HT)之主要代谢产物,这些代谢产物在CSF中的浓度反映着CNS中DA或5-HT之浓度以及DA或5-HT能神经元之活动.从脑组织释放出来的HVA及5-HIAA进入侧脑室及第三脑室之CSF,主要通过第四脑室脉络丛被再吸收入血液中.因此这些代谢产物在侧脑室CSF中之浓度为蛛网膜下腔中的三倍.Andersson等于1966年曾观察到在脑积水患儿脑脊液中5-HIAA浓度增高,并提出这是一种早期脑积水之诊断特征,Maira等人曾报道,在有正常颅压脑积水之Hakin综合症患者中脊髓蛛网膜下腔之脑脊液HVA浓度降低,当前多数的观点认为诊断急性     

TD的脑脊液神经生化研究

近年来,认为迟发性运动障碍(TD)是由于黑质纹状体通路多巴胺(DA)能活性增强所致。CSF 高香草酸(HVA)已作为突触前 DA 能活性的一种生物学标志。但有些研究表明,TD 病人 CSF 中 HVA 与正常对照者无差别。故有人认为,TD 是 NE 能活性增强,胆硷能和5-羟色胺(5-HT)能功能降低,但尚缺乏足够的证据支持这些假设。为探索TD 的神经病理学基础,本文作者测定了伴有和不伴有 TD 的精神病人 CSF 中乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)活性和 HVA、3-甲氧基-4-羟苯乙二醇(MHPG)、5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)     

抑郁症患者血浆白细胞介素与单胺代谢产物的研究

目的：探讨抑郁症患抗抑郁症治疗前后的细胞免疫及单胺类神经递质代谢产物的改变。方法：采用酶联免疫吸附法和高效液相电化学检测法，对40例抑郁症患在治疗前和抗抑郁药治疗4周后的血浆细胞因子白介素2（IL－2）和白介素6（IL－6），以及单胺代谢产物5－羟吲哚乙酸（5－HIAA）、3-甲基－4－羟－苯乙二醇（MHPG）和高香草酸（HVA）的浓度进行测定，并以20名健康人作为对照组。结果：（1）抑郁症组治疗前血浆IL－2、IL－6浓度明显高于正常对照组（P＜0．01），经过4周抗抑郁剂治疗后，随着病情显好转IL－2、IL－6较治疗前显降低（P＜0．01）；（2）抑郁症组治疗前血浆T－HIAA、MHPG、HVA浓度显低于正常对照组（P＜0．05），治疗后5－HIAA、MHPG明显高于治疗前（P＜0．05）；（3）治疗前后血浆5－HIAA的差值与治疗前后IL－2、IL－6的差值均呈显的负相关（P＜0．05）。结论：（1）抑郁症患可能伴有免疫激活和炎症反应。（2）抑郁症患存在中枢5－HT和NE功能低下。（3）IL－2、IL－6可影响中枢的5－HT活动。     

精神疾病患者血小板5-羟色胺水平与自杀

目的：探讨精神分裂症和抑郁症患者血小板5-羟色胺（5-HT）水平与自杀的关系。方法：对66例精神分裂症患者、61例抑郁症患者和26名正常对照组，采用高效液相-电化学检测法测定血小板5-HT水平并作5年的随访。结果：精神分裂症自杀组血小板5-HT水平显著高于正常对照组，抑郁症患者血小板5-HT水平显著低于正常对照组。在入组后的5年间有26例再次发生自杀，再次自杀组的血小板5-HT水平显著低于未再自杀组。结论：低血小板5-HT水平可能对预测精神疾病患者未来的自杀有一定的参考价值。     

Aggressivity, suicide attempts, and depression: relationship to cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolite levels.

BACKGROUND: We have proposed a stress-diathesis model for suicidal behavior, in which major depression is a stressor and the diathesis is shared with aggression. Neurotransmitter correlates of the stress or diathesis have not been adequately evaluated by previous studies, because they did not simultaneously examine the relationship of multiple neurotransmitters to all three psychopathologies in the same population. In the present study we investigated the relationship of monoamine metabolites to aggressivity, suicidal behavior, and depression in patients with mood disorders. METHODS: Ninety-three drug-free subjects with a major depressive episode underwent lumbar puncture and psychiatric evaluation. Cerebrospinal fluid CSF levels of 5hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA), homovanillic acid (HVA) and methoxy-hydroxy-phenylglycol (MHPG) were assayed. The relationships between monoamine metabolites and clinical variables were statistically evaluated. RESULTS: Higher lifetime aggressivity correlated significantly with lower CSF 5-HIAA. Lower CSF 5-HIAA and greater suicidal intent were found in high-lethality suicide attempters compared with low-lethality suicide attempters. Low-lethality attempters did not differ biologically from nonattempters. No correlation between CSF HVA and any of the psychopathological variables was found. Only aggression showed a trend statistically in correlating positively with CSF MHPG levels. CONCLUSIONS: Lower CSF 5-HIAA concentration was independently associated with severity of lifetime aggressivity and a history of a higher lethality suicide attempt and may be part of the diathesis for these behaviors. The dopamine and norepinephrine systems do not appear to be as significantly involved in suicidal acts, aggression, or depression. The biological correlates of suicide intent warrant further study.     

CSF and urinary biogenic amines and metabolites in depression and mania. A controlled, univariate analysis

Levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), homovanillic acid (HVA), and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) in the CSF, and norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), vanillylmandelic acid, normetanephrine, metanephrine, and MHPG in the urine, were measured in 151 hospitalized patients with affective disorders and in 80 healthy controls following a two-week drug-free period. Unipolar and bipolar depressed subjects differed only in NE and E levels. Compared with controls, depressed subjects had higher CSF MHPG levels, women had higher 5-HIAA levels, and men had lower HVA levels. All urinary metabolites were elevated in depression and mania, with the exception of MHPG. The patterns of NE-E differences discriminated among the forms of affective disorders. These data suggest an imbalance of monoamine transmission in depression, characterized by the hyperactive sympathetic nervous system and adrenal medulla. However, MHPG may not be the measure of choice to reflect this imbalance, necessitating measurement of total body monoamine output.     

精神分裂症患者的中枢多巴胺和5—羟色胺浓度及其性别差异

目的 了解精神分裂症中枢多巴胺（DA）与5－羟色胺（5－HT）相互作用的变化及其性别影响的程度。方法 应用高效液相色谱对符合CCMD－2精神分裂症诊断标准的30例男性病人、37例女性病人、21例男性对照组、9例女性对照组脑脊液中DA、5－HT及其代谢产物高香草酸（HVA）、5－羟吲哚乙酸（5－HIAA）进行测试,并应用5－HT／DA、5－HIAA／HVA作为它们的相互作用的指标。结果 5－HT／DA、5－HIAA／HVA在4组中有显著性差异（F＝3．567,P＝0．032;F＝12．464,P＝0．001）,进一步分析提示;女性分裂症5－HT／DA显著低于男性对照组,且男性、女性分裂症及男性对照组5－HIAA／HVA均显著低于女性对照组。在男性病例组的相关分析中,5－HT／DA与BPRS及其阳性症状呈显著负漠、非特异性症状呈显著负、正相关;5－HIAA／HVA与思维形式障碍呈显著正相关。结论 精神分裂症患者存在中枢DA和5－HT相互作用的失平衡,这种失平衡与某些重要精神症状有关,且受性别因素的影响。     

Concentration of monoamines and their metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid from patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type and vascular dementia of the Binswanger type

Summary We measured the concentrations of total (conjugated and unconjugated) monoamines (dopamine, DA; norepinephrine, NE) and monoamine metabolites (homovanillic acid, HVA; 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyleneglycol, MHPG; 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, 5-HIAA) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), using HPLC-ECD in 11 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) or senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT), 17 patients with vascular dementia of the Binswanger type (VDBT), and 15 controls. In AD/SDAT, there was a significant decrease in the DA concentration and a significant increase in the MHPG concentration. The average NE concentration was not altered, but significantly increased with the progression of intellectual disability. There were no significant changes in HVA and 5-HIAA concentrations. Patients with VDBT showed a significant increase in the DA concentration and a significant decrease in HVA and 5-HIAA concentrations. The DA concentrations increased significantly with the progression of dementia and ventricular enlargement. These results indicate that the noradrenergic and dopaminergic system in particular are altered in AD/SDAT, while the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems are mainly involved in VDBT.     

CSF monoamine metabolites and somatostatin in Alzheimer's disease and major depression.

Decreased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), somatostatinlike immunoreactivity (SLI) and alterations in the CSF monamine metabolites 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylglycol (MHPG), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and homovanillic acid (HVA) have been reported in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in patients with major depression. In this study, we found CSF SLI to be significantly lower in a large group of AD patients (n = 60) and in a group of age-matched patients with major depression (n = 18) as compared with normal controls (n = 12). Mean CSF, MHPG, 5-HIAA, and HVA levels were not significantly different among diagnostic groups. Within a group of "depressed" AD patients, CSF levels of 5-HIAA showed a significant positive correlation (p = 0.03) with CSF SLI; a similar relationship was found within the group of patients with major depression. Further exploration of the relationship between the somatostatin and serotonin systems may provide clues as to how neuropeptides interact with monoamine neurotransmitters and what role they have in depression.     

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain monoamine metabolites in the developing rat pup

Concentrations of the neurotransmitters, serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and norepinephrine (NE) were measured in the developing rat brain at 12, 19, 26 and 42 days of age. The amino acid precursors, tryptophan (TRP) and tyrosine (TYR) were measured along with the 5-HT and DA metabolites, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and homovanillic acid (HVA), in brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at the above ages. This first report of CSF HVA levels in the developing rat shows that it, like 5-HIAA, declines with age. In contrast, the ontogeny of the compounds in brain are dissimilar, with 5-HIAA remaining relatively constant with age while HVA declines markedly. Possible reasons for the differences and similarities in the ontogeny of 5-HIAA and HVA levels in brain and CSF are discussed. The persistence of the ontogenetic pattern for the neurotransmitters and acid metabolites after central DA depletion is also reported.     

帕金森病外科治疗的综合评价与相关基础研究

目的通过综合研究对帕金森病(PD)外科治疗的价值和疗效进行全面评价。方法采用医学心理学测验(WAISRC)、临床记忆量表(MMPI)、神经生理学检测(听觉P300地形图)、神经电生理学(体感诱发电位SEP)和神经生化检查的脑脊液中多巴胺(DA)、5羟色胺(5HT)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)及其代谢产物)等对手术前后患者进行综合研究,并设对照组。结果手术前后智能和精神症状无显著性差异(P>0.05);手术后SEP的N20波峰潜伏期较术前缩短,统计学处理有差异(P左<0.005,P右<0.05),手术侧较非手术侧峰潜伏期缩短(P<0.05)。伴发抑郁患者组CSF中单胺类神经递质5HT的代谢产物5羟吲哚乙酸(5HIAA)和NE的代谢产物3甲氧基4羟基苯乙二醇(MHPG)低于对照组(P<0.01),患者组DA、高香草酸(HVA),5HT,5HIAA、NE、MPHG低于正常对照组(P<0.001),手术组上述各项均高于手术前组(P<0.001);结论手术不会加重智能和精神障碍;听觉P300地形图可作为诊断和疗效判定的客观指标之一;帕金森病及伴发抑郁症状均具有相应生化病理学基础。     

CSF metabolites in borderline personality disorder compared with normal controls.

Cerebrospinal metabolites were measured in 17 patients with borderline personality disorder and 17 normal controls. There were no significant differences between the two groups in levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), homovanillic acid (HVA), or 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG). Within the borderline group, lower levels of CSF 5-HIAA were significantly associated with a history of genuine suicide attempts, but were not associated with violence, self-mutilation, or with the presence of major depression. Thus, CSF 5-HIAA levels are not distinctively low in a diagnostic group characterized by impulsivity and suicidal behavior, but within that group may be associated with genuine suicide attempts.     

Monoamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid during and after acute cerebral ischemia

In order to understand the role of monoamines in cerebral ischemia, 3-methyoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol(MHPG), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and homovanillic acid(HVA), the three major unconjugated monoamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), of 33 patients and 18 controls were measured with high performance liquid chromatography. Results showed all three metabolites were raised in patients with severe ischemia, but only MHPG and 5-HIAA were elevated significantly, MHPG changes more quickly and regularly as a consequence of cerebral ischemia than the two others. A positive correlation between any pair of metabolites was found in controls and in patients in the first week after stroke, but not at the end of the second week. Computer assisted multivariate analysis indicated 5-HIAA and MHPG correlated more closely with the state of illness in the acute stage, whereas HVA correlated the least. Possible explanations for the changes of CSF levels of amine metabolites are discussed.