大鼠肝细胞线粒体形态的三维重建

研究同一细胞内不同形态线粒体的数量,大小和超微结构,方法用三维重建和体视学检测量的方法,研究成年大鼠肝细胞线粒体的形态类型。结果肝细胞线粒体按形态可分为５个基本类型：Ⅰ型线粒体约占线粒体总数的２１．４％Ⅱ型约占３２．４％;Ⅲ型约占２３．８％,Ⅳ型约占１９．６％,Ⅴ型仅占２．８％。     

胆道梗阻后肝细胞线粒体的改变

胆道梗阻后肝细胞线粒体受到损伤。本文主要就胆道梗阻后肝细胞线粒体数值、形态结构和功能的变化情况及其可能的损伤机制作一综述。     

慢性镉中毒小鼠肝脏的超微结构观察和定量分析

用透射电镜观察并结合立体定量法研究了慢性钢中毒小鼠肝脏的超微结构．结果显示：肝细胞有坏死和脂肪变性，肝细胞核固缩、形态变异、溶解，线粒体缩小、嵴断裂，脂滴增多、体积增大。贮脂细胞胞质内粗面内质网和游离核糖体明显增多．窦周隙内和肝细胞间可见大量增生的胶原原纤维。定量分析结果：肝细胞、胞核和线粒体的平均表面积和平均体积均缩小；脂滴的平均表面积和平均体积增大。从形态上看，慢性银中毒时肝脏的超微结构改变与慢性活动性肝炎的某些病理特征相似。     

镉中毒小鼠肝细胞的立体学定量研究

本文用立体学定量的方法,分析镉中毒小鼠肝细胞核、线粒体、脂滴的变化,确定肝细胞核及线粒体的平均体积、表面积显著缩小;脂滴的平均体积及表面积明显增大,与正常对照组有高度显著性差异(P<0.01)。细胞形态的计量研究越来越多地应用于形态学科领域,本文用立体学的方法定量研究镉中毒小鼠的肝细胞。     

嗜酒者肝脏病变的形态学研究

研究了临床确定的４０例嗜酒者肝穿标本的形态变化，普通嗜洒考与重度嗜酒者各２０例，基本病变为：（１）肝细胞变性，包括大泡状肝细胞脂变，灶状肝细胞变小，灶状气球样变等；（２）肝细胞坏死灶形成伴中性粒细胞浸润，肝细胞内巨大线粒体或麦氏小体；（３）窦周纤维化，肝纤维化及细结节性肝硬变等。据此，我们将酒精性肝病分为五个病理类型。研究结果证明，肝脏的病变程度和饮酒量密切相关，饮酒时间超过１０年后，肝坏死灶及肝     

四氧嘧啶型糖尿病对小鼠消化腺形态学影响的研究

用四氧嘧啶复制小鼠实验性糖尿病模型，以探讨糖尿病对各个消化腺组织结构的影响。结果发现实验性糖尿病小鼠颌下腺腺泡萎缩，颗粒曲管细胞内线粒体肿胀变性，胰腺表现为局灶性腺泡萎缩，大量炎症细胞浸润，腺泡细胞内粗面内质网扩张，线粒体肿胀变性，髓样小体增多，酶原颗粒减少。肝细胞混浊肿胀，电镜见线粒体肿胀变性，嵴断裂，粗面内质网和糖原颗粒减少。表明在实验性糖尿病状态下，各消化腺的形态结构及功能均受到一定的损害。     

无蹼壁虎冬眠期与出眠初期肝脏比较细胞学研究

用形态计量学方法对无蹼壁虎冬眠期与出眠初期肝脏进行了比较细胞学研究，结果表明：１．冬眠期肝细胞内富含糖原颗粒和脂滴，线粒体和粗面内质网稀少，溶酶体较小且电子密度较低，高尔基复合体极少。出眠初期肝细胞内糖原颗粒和脂滴稀少，线粒体和粗面内质网丰富，溶酶体较大且电子密度较高，高尔基复合体增多。２．出眠初期肝脏有明细胞和暗细胞区分。３．冬眠期肝血窦内肝细胞表面的微绒毛数目明显少于出眠初期。４．冬眠期与出眠初期胆小管内肝细胞表面微绒毛数目之间差异不显著，但冬眠期肝小管细胞内富含糖原颗粒，出眠初期肝小管细胞内富含粗面内质网。上述结果提示：１．冬眠期肝细胞处于不活跃状态，出眠初期大部分肝细胞处于活跃状态。２．出眠初期肝细胞内溶酶体功能较冬眠期活跃，细胞内消化能力明显增强。３．出眠初期肝细胞与血液之间的交换能力较冬眠期强。４．肝细胞中的脂滴是冬眠中脂肪储备的一种重要形式，其在维持冬眠期物质与能量消耗方面有重要意义。     

肝豆状核变性肝组织的超微结构观察

目的 报道1例肝豆状核变性肝组织超微结构特征.方法 经皮穿刺活检肝豆状核变性患者的肝组织,进行组织学、组织化学和超微结构观察.结果 患者为青年男性, 临床表现脾脏肿大;组织学示肝细胞有脂肪变,未见纤维组织增生;电镜检查显示肝细胞内出现多量形态不一的异常或畸形线粒体和脂褐素颗粒;其中特征性变化是线粒体内出现线条状结晶体和脂褐素颗粒内形成透明小体.结论 肝细胞内出现线条状结晶体的线粒体和形成透明小体的脂褐素颗粒,对肝豆状核变性的诊断具有价值.     

结扎肝动脉门静脉肝门后早期肝细胞形态变化的定量分析

<正> 本文运用立体学原理,定量方法,分析了肝门血管结扎后早期急性肝缺血的肝细胞形态改变。特点是,肝细胞密度明显缩小,核浆比例显著缩小,线粒体体密度显著增大,溶酶体体密度显著增大,糖原体     

大鼠烫伤后早期肝细胞变化的超微结构观察及形态计量分析

用超微结构形态计量方法分析了大鼠30％烫伤后早期肝细胞超微结构的变化规律。烫伤后,肝细胞内精原迅速减少,至6小时,几乎全部消失。烫伤后2小时、6小时。肝细胞内溶酶体的体积密度、数目密度和平均体积均明显增大。线粒体于烫伤后半小时出现基质密度增加、嵴扩张,烫伤后2小时、6小时,线粒体肿胀,其体积密度、平均体积增大。实验结果提示:在严重烧伤后数小时内,肝细胞的超微结构即出现明显的改变。本文对出现这些变化的机制进行了讨论。     

衰老晚期海马CA1区锥体细胞线粒体改变──电镜定量分析

选用成年健康SD大鼠20只.分为青年组（3个月）和老年组（34～36个月）二个实验组，每组10只。应用透射电镜结合体视学方法观察并比较了海马CA1区锥体细胞线粒体的变化，结果如下：和青年组相比，老年组肿胀、变性线粒体增多，体视学分析显示老年组线粒体密度和平均体积增大，线粒体数密度和比表面减少，线粒体切面积大小频数分布图向右侧迁移，显示到衰老晚期较小的线粒体数减少.较大的线粒体数增多。本研究结果表明，衰老晚期海马CA1区锥体细胞线粒体严重退变，进入失代偿状态。     

Ultra-high resolution scanning electron microscopic studies on the sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria in the rat cardiac and skeletal muscle fibers

The three-dimensional structure of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), transverse (T)-axial tubular system and mitochondria in cardiac and skeletal muscle fibers of the rat was examined by ultra-high resolution scanning electron microscopy after removal of the cytoplasmic matrices and myofilaments by the aldehyde-osmium-dimethyl sulfoxide-osmium procedure^1,2. Between the cardiac and the skeletal muscle fibers, striking differences in the three-dimensional structure of the mitochondria and of the SR were observed.     

异叶青兰作用后的缺氧大鼠海马超微结构的定量分析

本文采用图像定量分析和形态测量方法,对缺氧及服用中草药异叶青兰的大鼠海马CA3区超微结构进行形态定量观察.结果表明,缺氧组海马锥体细胞肿胀;粗面内质网脱颗粒、网池扩张、断裂,并且失去正常的绕核或平行成层的分布形式;线粒体明显肿胀、嵴断裂,数量减少,平均截面积增大;髓鞘变性,轴突和树突内线粒体肿胀明显;轴棘、轴树突触间隙宽度变窄.缺氧给药组海马锥体细胞无明显肿胀;线粒体数量增多,平均截面积无明显增大,线粒体嵴结构完整.本文对各组形态变化的差异进行了探讨.     

Possible reflection of intracellular calcium binding in the divergent pattern of relaxation in rat and rabbit uterus

The mechanical responses to potassium of the rabbit and rat uterus were different. The force of a potassium-induced contracture showed a rapid decline in the rabbit uterus, whereas it was fully maintained for a long period in the rat uterus. The increase in 45Ca influx following exposure to high KCl was substantial and similar (0.3 mmol kg-1) in both rat and rabbit uterus. Calcium uptake in post nuclear supernatant (PNS) from the rat myometrium was significantly lower than that from the rabbit myometrium in both the rate and capacity of uptake. This uptake was reduced to about 10% in the presence of sodium azide in PNS from both rat and rabbit myometria. Both the rate and capacity of calcium uptake by mitochondria isolated from PNS of rat myometrium were considerably lower than that by rabbit myometrial mitochondria. Microsomes isolated from rat and rabbit PNS had very low capacity for calcium uptake compared with mitochondria. No difference was found in the rate or the capacity of uptake between the rat and the rabbit myometrial microsomes. The data support the argument for a role of mitochondria in myometrial relaxation and further provide evidence for a considerable species difference in calcium uptake by myometrial mitochondria.     

ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS OF HYPERTROPHIED MYOCARDIUM OF RAT PRODUCED BY INJECTION OF MONOCROTALINE

The right ventricular myocardium of the cor pulmonare in the rat induced by subcutaneous single injection of monocrotallne has been studied by electron microscope. The hypertrophy and wearing of myocardium was sequentially categorized into (1) preparatory stage, (2) hypertrophied stage, and (3) damaged stage.
Slightly enlarged and injured mitochondria and incomplete division of mitochondria were noticed in the first stage. An increase in number of mitochondria, appearance of giant mitochondria, many free ribosomes and small bundles of myofilaments were recognized in the second stage. In the third stage, mitochondria located in the subsarcolemmal region and between the myofibrils tended to migrate to the central portion of the muscle cell, and the myofibrils were simultaneously pushed away towards the plasma membrane. A large number of spherical, electron-opaque granules, not containing acid phosphatase, were found in the enlarged central sarcoplasmic core. The transverse cell boundary was expansively widened at the intermediate junction and its space contained many small membrane-limited particles. Injured cells, reduced in size, were isolated and localized in the tissue space. After degeneration of this cell, it is finally replaced by collagen fibers.     

老年性记忆减退大鼠内侧隔核突触结构的改变

取老年记忆减退组 (简称减退组 )、老年记忆正常组 (简称正常组 )和青年组大鼠内侧隔核进行透射电镜观察。证明 :减退组内侧隔核中突触数密度较青年组和正常组分别下降了 45 .2 7%和 44.16% ( P<0 .0 1) ;突触连接带平均面积 :减退组较青年组显著增加 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ;突触连接带面密度 :减退组较青年组和正常组分别下降了 3 5 .2 9和 3 3 .3 3 ( P<0 .0 1) ;突触的体密度 :减退组较青年组和正常组分别下降了 46.98和 49.68 ( P<0 .0 1)。统计结果表明 :受试大鼠的逃避潜伏期与突触数密度、突触连接带面密度、体密度呈明显负相关 ( r=-0 .8943 ,P<0 .0 1;r=-0 .80 0 7,P<0 .0 1;r=-0 .90 17,P<0 .0 1) ;与突触连接带平均面积呈显著正相关 ( r=0 .62 73 ,P<0 .0 5 )。还证明减退组大鼠含线粒体的突触百分比、突触前体内突触小泡数都有大幅度下降 ;正常组的含线粒体突触的百分比、突触小泡数较青年组也有减少。本研究结果提示 :减退组大鼠内侧隔核突触发生退行性变 ,此改变可能是老年性记忆减退的突触学基础     

老年学习记忆减退大鼠海马GABA能神经元树突内线粒体的变化

为进一步探讨ＧＡＢＡ 能神经元与老年学习记忆减退的关系，本研究以老年学习记忆减退大鼠为模型，用免疫电镜结合体视学方法观察了老年学习记忆减退大鼠海马ＣＡ１ 区放射 分子层的ＧＡＢＡ 能神经元树突内线粒体的改变。结果显示，线粒体的面数密度在老年学习记忆损害组明显小于青年组和老年正常组（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）；体密度的绝对值有所减少，但无统计学意义（Ｐ＞０．０５）。此外，衰老时较小的树突内线粒体的密度增大，老年学习记忆正常组小直径树突内线粒体面数密度的增加较老年学习记忆损害组更明显。结果提示，衰老过程中，ＧＡＢＡ 阳性树突内线粒体的数目减少，单个线粒体的体积代偿性增大。老年学习记忆减退时，树突结构和功能的内源性代偿能力下降，可能处于一种失代偿状态。     

老年大鼠切牙造牙本质细胞的超微结构变化

应用透射电镜研究了老年大鼠切牙造牙本质细胞的超微结构变化。该细胞核出现凹陷和切迹，常染色质减少，异染色质增加。胞浆内粗面内质网扩张，变短，线粒体水肿，嵴断裂，最后空泡化，高尔基复合体由复杂到简单，最后消失。     

Ultra-high-resolution scanning electron microscopic studies on the sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria of the rat intrafusal muscle fibers. Part II: The extracapsular region.

The three-dimensional structure of the transverse-axial tubular system, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and mitochondria in the extracapsular region of the intrafusal muscle fibers of the rat lumbrical muscle was observed by ultra-high-resolution scanning electron microscopy after removal of the cytoplasmic matrix by the osmium-DMSO-osmium procedure. Nuclear chain fibers possessed thick to moderately sized column-forming mitochondria with occasional I-band branches. The transverse tubules (T-tubules) running at the level of the A-band side of the A-I junction were sandwiched between two large terminal cisternae for most of their length, forming triads. The sarcotubules arising from the terminal cisternae formed single-layered networks at the A-band level, and well developed, double-layered, three-dimensional networks at the I-band level. Nuclear bag1 fibers possessed slender column-forming mitochondria devoid of I-band branches. The T-tubules were located at the level of the A-I junction. Both the T- and the axial-tubules were occasionally coupled with small terminal cisternae, forming dyads or triads. At the I-band level, the SR was well developed and formed single layered networks, but at the A-band level only a few longitudinally arranged sarcotubules and axial tubules were observed. Nuclear bag2 fibers contained medium to large diameter column-forming mitochondria without I-band branches. The T-tubules ran at the level of the A-band adjacent to the A-I junction, and were coupled at some intervals with terminal cisternae of various lengths. Swollen, large terminal cisternae were frequently seen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

四逆汤对大鼠肠缺血再灌注后小肠上皮细胞超微结构的影响

目的: 观察四逆汤(SND)对大鼠肠缺血再灌注后小肠上皮细胞超微结构的影响。方法: 32只SD大鼠随机分为4组(n=8):对照组(仅作假手术处理)、模型组(阻断肠系膜上动脉1 h后再灌注3 h)、SND1组(SND 0.6 g/200 g大鼠灌胃3 d后手术)及SND 2组(SND 1.2 g/200 g大鼠灌胃3 d后手术)。实验时取回肠末端组织行电镜检查,并测量上皮细胞线粒体二维平面形态计量学参数和三维平面形态计量学参数。结果: 电镜下可见对照组上皮细胞柱状排列紧密,微绒毛细长、整齐、无水肿,线粒体丰富,无肿胀;模型组细胞间隙增宽,可见大量凋亡细胞,微绒毛脱落明显,线粒体严重肿胀,嵴断裂,内质网扩张。SND1组与SND2组均可见微绒毛及上皮细胞排列基本整齐,有少量上皮细胞脱落,线粒体轻度肿胀,嵴清。线粒体体视学参数提示模型组上皮细胞单位胞浆内线粒体少,肿胀;而SND1及SND2组线粒体丰富,肿胀轻微。电镜及体视学参数均提示SND对小肠上皮细胞超微结构的影响无明显量效关系。结论: 四逆汤预处理对大鼠肠缺血再灌注后小肠上皮细胞有保护作用。