五瓣法整复合蹼状瘢痕挛缩畸形

报告了一组应用五瓣法整复损伤和烧伤所致蹼状瘢痕挛缩畸形，获得良好治疗效果。并就手术设计、原理、操作方法及适应证进行了讨论。     

五瓣成形结合游离植皮术治疗腋窝蹼状瘢痕挛缩畸形

目的：应用五瓣成形,配合游离植皮术治疗腋窝蹼状瘢痕挛缩畸形.方法：根据五瓣成形术原理将蹼状瘢痕切开形成五个组织瓣,使其中三瓣位于正常皮肤较多一侧,在充分松解深层挛缩组织后,相互调换皮瓣位置,延长瘢痕纵轴长度,修复腋部创面;尚有的创面游离植皮修复.结果：20例术后皮瓣、皮片均成活良好,腋部形态好.结论：五瓣成形配合游离植皮术治疗腋窝蹼状瘢痕挛缩是一种操作简单、疗效确切的手术方法.     

六瓣Z成形术在蹼状瘢痕挛缩中的应用

蹼状瘢痕挛缩常见于烧伤后期，易发生于指蹼、颈前、腋窝、肘部及足背等功能部位，其矫正方法较多。利用蹼状挛缩瘢痕周边组织的松动性，通过总Ｚ角达１３５°、实际主轴的延长率约为１８０％的六瓣Ｚ成形术，矫治刀例不同部位的蹼状瘢痕挛缩，经１～２年随访，疗效稳定，功能及外观满意。六瓣Ｚ成形术，手术设计简单，勿需游离皮片移植，术后瘢痕不易再挛缩，外观满意。     

应用指蹼矩形瓣联合双指侧三角瓣整复严重指蹼瘢痕挛缩畸形

目的：采用指蹼矩形瓣联合双指侧三角瓣整复指蹼瘢痕挛缩畸形。方法：2003年1月以来，采用指蹼矩形瓣联合双指侧三角瓣整复指蹼瘢痕挛缩畸形者47例，其中男性32例，女性15例；多个指蹼瘢痕挛缩畸形者42例，总计指蹼瘢痕挛缩畸形139例次；烧伤面积最大者95％，最小者2％；年龄最大者54岁，年龄最小者2岁；烧伤至整复间隔时间最长者10年，最短者5个月，平均2年。结果：139例次指蹼瘢痕挛缩畸形，经指蹼矩形瓣联合双指侧三角瓣转移修复后，各指蹼瘢痕挛缩彻底松解，经6个月～5年随访，效果十分满意。结论：采用指蹼矩形瓣联合双指侧三角瓣，指蹼瘢痕瓣血运良好，术后早期即可开始功能锻炼，远期观察未见挛缩，有利于掌指关节及指蹼的功能恢复，是指蹼瘢痕挛缩畸形修复可供选择的一种有价值的方法。     

筋膜瘢痕瓣五瓣法修复腋窝蹼状瘢痕挛缩畸形

腋窝位于人体活动范围最大的肩关节下方,深度烧伤后容易出现蹼状瘢痕挛缩畸形.2009年3月-2011年2月,武警江西总队医院烧伤整形科应用筋膜瘢痕瓣五瓣法修复19例患者腋窝蹼状瘢痕挛缩畸形,效果满意.     

九瓣法整复蹼状瘢痕畸形46例

自 1996年以来 ,笔者利用九瓣法对 46例烧伤后蹼状瘢痕患者施行了整复手术。其中蹼状瘢痕发生在腋窝 16例 ,窝 9例 ,颈前 6例 ,踝关节 4例 ,肘关节 5例 ,腕关节 2例 ,虎口 4例。全部病例的蹼状瘢痕畸形都得到了最大限度的整复 ,关节功能恢复正常。其中 45例单纯使用九瓣法就达到了良好的整复效果 ,1例在使用九瓣法同时辅以植皮修复也达到了治疗目的。所有患者对整复效果都很满意。1　手术方法　1.1　设计　在五瓣法设计的基础上 ,延长其主轴线 ,并反向延长五瓣法设计中两侧Ｚ成形之斜臂 ,并于延长之主轴线两端各画一平行于五瓣法两端Ｚ成…     

九瓣法整复蹼状瘢痕畸形46例

自1996年以来,笔者利用九瓣法对46例烧伤后蹼状瘢痕患者施行了整复手术.其中蹼状瘢痕发生在腋窝16例,腘窝9例,颈前6例,踝关节4例,肘关节5例,腕关节2例,虎口4例.全部病例的蹼状瘢痕畸形都得到了最大限度的整复,关节功能恢复正常.其中45例单纯使用九瓣法就达到了良好的整复效果,1例在使用九瓣法同时辅以植皮修复也达到了治疗目的.所有患者对整复效果都很满意.     

Hybrid double-dermal flap technique for vest-over-pants-closure correction of depressed abdominal scars

Surgical procedures performed during neonatal period or childhood that result in vertical midline, transverse left upper quadrant, or central upper abdominal scars create significant psychological concerns in adulthood. Various surgical techniques correct depressed scars, including scar revision, Z- or W-plasty flaps, sub-incision tunnelling, fat grafting, and autologous or alloplastic dermal grafting. This article describes a novel technique for repairing depressed abdominal scars using hybrid double-dermal flaps. We included patients with psychosocial concerns who underwent abdominal scar revision because of wedding plans. Hybrid local de-epithelised dermal flaps were used to correct the depression of the abdominal scar. Superior and inferior skin flaps, medial and lateral to the depressed scar, were de-epithelised for 2 to 3 cm and sutured using the vest-over-pants technique with 2/0 nylon permanent sutures. Six female patients who want to marry were included in this study. Depressed abdominal scars were successfully fixed using hybrid double-dermal flaps, either from the superior-inferior aspect for transverse scars or from the medial-lateral aspect for vertical scars. No postoperative complications were noted, and the patients were satisfied with the outcomes. De-epithelialised double-dermal flaps in the vest-over-pants technique are an effective and valuable surgical technique for correcting depressed scars.     

采用双蒂瘢痕组织皮瓣治疗关节部位的瘢痕挛缩畸形

目的：介绍双蒂瘢痕组织皮瓣治疗关节部位的瘢痕挛缩。方法：2004年10月～2007年初,利用双蒂瘢痕组织皮瓣共治疗了5例关节部位瘢痕组织挛缩畸形的患者,1例为肘关节,2例为腋窝,2例为膝关节,手术均在伤后半年以上进行。术后随访3个月～1年,平均随访时间为6个月。结果：对所有患者,术后效果都是可以接受的。双蒂瘢痕皮瓣的优点是手术简单,皮瓣坏死可能性低,肢体固定时间短,瘢痕挛缩复发的可能性低。结论：这种双蒂瘢痕组织皮瓣可作为关节部位瘢痕挛缩治疗的选择方法之一。     

下腹部岛状皮瓣修复会阴部瘢痕畸形15例

目的:总结下腹部岛状皮瓣修复会阴部瘢痕畸形的临床经验。方法:回顾性分析下腹部岛状皮瓣修复会阴部瘢痕挛缩畸形15例患者的临床资料,单纯采用以旋髂浅动静脉为蒂形成的皮瓣3例、单纯采用腹壁浅动静脉为蒂的皮瓣5例,两组血管均包括在内的皮瓣7例。结果:所有皮瓣均存活,局部畸形纠正,患者满意,经随访6～48个月,皮瓣色泽良好,质地柔软,排尿排便功能恢复正常,髋部活动无明显受限。结论:下腹部岛状皮瓣转移术可提高会阴部瘢痕畸形的修复质量。     

面颈部旋转皮瓣在面颊部瘢痕治疗中的应用

目的：探讨面颊部瘢痕切除术后创面修复的较好方法。方法：应用面颈部旋转皮瓣对11例面颊部瘢痕切除术后创面进行修复。结果：11例瘢痕切除术后创面均得到修复，所修复创面的皮肤颜色和质地与周围皮肤一致，供皮瓣区术后瘢痕不明显。结论：该方法对于面颊部一定大小面积内的瘢痕切除后创面的修复是一种较好的方法。     

背阔肌游离皮瓣修复面颈部瘢痕挛缩畸形

目的:研究背阔肌游离皮瓣在修复面颈部挛缩畸形中所起的重要作用。方法:10例面颈部瘢痕彻底松解后,采用游离的背阔肌肌皮瓣治疗,将胸背动静脉分别与面动静脉吻合,供瓣区采用中厚皮片移植,其中两例采用预扩张的背阔肌游离皮瓣进行修复。结果:9例背阔肌肌皮瓣游离移植后完全存活,1例背阔肌皮瓣远端部分坏死,术后患者的面颈部功能和外形得到明显的改善。结论:背阔肌游离皮瓣修复面颈部瘢痕挛缩畸形效果可靠。     

Treatment of wide scar contracture of antecubital fossa with bipedicle flap from scar tissue

Many surgical techniques exist for reconstruction of burn scar contracture of the antecubital fossa, such as Z plasty, VY plasty, lateral arm flap, and medial arm flap. Another option is direct release of the scar contracture and skin graft of the defect area, which requires prolonged splinting and risk of graft failure. Additionally, in the areas with exposed tendons or vessels, we cannot use grafts. Recurrence of contracture remains another drawback of this treatment, in this article we present a new, simple alternative method for treatment of these cases. In this clinical trial we introduce a new technique of bipedicle flap from scar tissue for coverage of the antecubital fossa with skin grafting of the proximal and distal parts of this bipedicle flap. From July 2002 to July 2005 we used this flap in 12 patients and efficacy and versatility of this flap was studied. Seven patients were female and 5 were male with mean age of 23.7 years. The mean time between burn and our reconstructive operation was 3.2 years. The mean surface area of antecubital burn scar tissue was 77.5%. Mean extension lag before operation was 66.5 degrees , mean extension lag during operation was 4.5 degrees and after operation was 5.4 degrees . Minor complication was observed in two cases with necrosis of the flap margin. Mean follow-up period was 17 months and the appearance of operated site in antecubital fossa was acceptable in all patients. The advantage of this bipedicle flap is its simple surgical technique. The risk of flap necrosis is negligible and it is a reliable flap. Splinting time is short and the risk of recurrence of contracture with this technique is minimal.     

岛状肩胛皮瓣转位矫治特殊腋胸瘢痕

目的：探讨重度特殊腋胸瘢痕的理想矫治方法。方法：设计以旋肩胛动脉及其皮支为供血系统的岛状肩胛皮瓣转位，修复烧伤晚期重度瘢痕、放疗后瘢痕及广泛瘢痕致乳房明显移位等特殊腋胸瘢痕松解后的创面。结果：临床应用9例，皮瓣完全成活，患者局部外形及功能均明显改善。结论：岛状肩胛皮瓣转位矫治特殊类型腋胸瘢痕疗效较好，值得推广。     

Free medial thigh perforator flap for reconstruction of the dynamic and static complex burn scar contracture

Introduction

Dynamic and static complex scar contractures after burn commonly cause tendon adhesion, deep adipose tissue stiffness and further limitation of major joints motion. Skin autografting or locoregional flaps are not adequate reconstructive options, because of the easy recurrence and limitation of donor sites. Therefore, free perforator flaps are playing increasing role in reconstruction of complex scar contractures.

Patients and methods

The free medial thigh perforator (MTP) flap is an addition to the reconstructive armamentarium and is particularly useful since the medial thigh is commonly spared in burn injury. Between December 2001 and October 2005, eight patients with severe post-burn scar contractures received free MTP flaps treatment in the Linkou Burn Center. The free MTP flap harvest was modified to enhance its reliability and versatility. Flap sizes ranged from 5 × 15 cm to 8 × 24 cm. The follow-up period was from 12 to 26 months. Flap harvest is rapid, averaging 37.8 min.

Results

The significantly improved range of motion of the contracture joints approximated to normal activity at 6–22-month follow-up (p < 0.05). No free major MTP flap complication was noted, except for mild marginal necrosis in one case.

Conclusion

The free MTP flap with new modified harvest is a good choice for dynamic an static complex scar contractures of major joints, due to short harvesting time and few variations of the pedicle. However, thick skin paddle was considered in secondary hand reconstruction.     

利用皮片移植及皮瓣转移修复会阴部烧伤后瘢痕挛缩畸形

目的:探讨修复烧伤后会阴部瘢痕挛缩畸形的手术方法。方法:对1990年以来收治的38例会阴部烧伤后瘢痕挛缩畸形患者行瘢痕切除松解,21例患者单纯中厚或全厚植皮,4例患者单纯局部皮瓣转移修复,13例患者皮瓣转移配合植皮修复。结果:1例皮瓣尖端2cm坏死,2例部分皮瓣色暗紫,2例植皮部分成活欠佳,经换药及对症处理痊愈,余均疗效满意。结论:皮片移植及皮瓣转移为治疗会阴部瘢痕挛缩畸形的较好手术方法。     

耳后扩张的瘢痕瓣加Medpor支架行耳廓再造术

目的：探讨采用耳后乳突区瘢痕扩张皮瓣和Medpor支架行瘢痕性耳廓缺损再造术的效果。方法：12例因烧伤致耳廓缺损,采用耳后瘢痕扩张皮瓣包裹Medpor支架作耳廓再造术。结果：术后经6个月～3年随访,再造的耳廓瘢痕皮瓣血运皆良好,再造耳外形满意。结论：耳后皮肤瘢痕经扩张后,仍可用于耳廓缺损的再造术。