Relations between anthropometric characteristics and androgen hormone levels in healthy young men

Inter-individual correlations between androgen hormone levels and anthropometric features were computed using data from a sample of 110 healthy young men. Radioimmunoassays were used to determine the total testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in the serum and the free testosterone in the saliva. The 58 body measures encompassed the head, trunk and extremities in terms of their length, breadth and circumference. In addition, skin-fold thicknesses were also measured. This set of features was also subjected to factor analysis; the correlations of the resulting individual factor scores with the body measurements were also determined. The total testosterone and dihydrotestosterone were found to have a number of significant correlations with the various body measures and factors, while the free testosterone did not yield any significant findings. These correlations indicate in particular that there is a relation between the serum androgens and leptomorphism (especially negative correlations to indicators of the fat development), whereas a connection between the serum androgens and masculinity is only hinted at.     

Relationship between skin collagen and bone changes during aging

There is evidence that skin collagen content and bone mass are influenced by estrogen deficiency, both of them declining in the years following menopause. The aim of our study was to analyze the relationship between changes in skin collagen content and bone mass during aging. A total of 76 nulliparous women who had been admitted for surgery of non-malignant processes were studied. All subjects were arranged into five age-groups (from 20 to 60 years). Bone mineral density was measured by dual photon absorptiometry and expressed in g/cm₂as the mean of the second to fourth lumbar vertebrae. Additionally, in all patients skin biopsies were taken from a non-sun exposed site in the lower abdomen (4 cm above the pubic symphysis) and osteocalcin levels were determined. Collagen decreased significantly with age after the 40s (P < 0.001) and after menopause (P < 0.001). Changes in bone mass were closely related to those detected in collagen (r = 0.586 P < 0.0001). In conclusion, our data suggest that bone mass and skin collagen decline in parallel with aging and that the hypoestrogenism developing in postmenopausal years has a significant effect on skin collagen content. Nevertheless, the question of whether osteoporosis is an intrinsic collagen disorder remains to be demonstrated.     

汉族人群体部测量表型的相关性

目的:探讨汉族人群体部测量表型间的相关性及其在人群间的差异.方法:对南、北、中部3个地区汉族人群的42项体部测量表型进行Pearson线性相关分析.结果:汉族人群体部的高度表型之间、高度与长度表型之间、长度表型之间、围度表型之间具有较强的正相关性,而宽度表型之间、宽度与高度表型之间、宽度与长度表型之间、宽度与围度表型之...     

汉族人群肢体测量表型的地区差异

目的 探讨汉族人群肢体测量表型的地区差异。 方法 于2015～2019年采集广西南宁、河南郑州和江苏泰州3个地区汉族成人样本的31项肢体测量表型,对各项表型进行性别差异分析、年龄与表型间相关性分析及地区间差异分析,并基于肢体表型个体数据的主成分分析,提取出具有显著地区差异的肢体表型,用于精细刻画3个地区汉族人群的体质特征。 结果 3个汉族人群的绝大多数肢体表型在性别和地区间差异均存在统计学意义,年龄与部分表型之间存在正或负相关关系。基于个体数据的主成分分析显示,汉族人群在肢体测量表型上存在明显的地区差异,广西汉族（长江以南）与河南汉族（淮河以北）、江苏汉族有较大差异,河南汉族和江苏汉族的差异相对较小,而江苏汉族在部分肢体表型上又有其自身的特点,能与河南汉族明显区分开。 结论 汉族人群肢体测量表型存在明显的地区差异,长江可能是现代南北人群交流的最大地理屏障。     

自噬与固有免疫应答相互调节研究进展

自噬在细胞分化、肿瘤、炎症、免疫等多方面发挥关键作用.近年来,随着分子生物学、细胞生物学、免疫学等学科的发展,研究发现细胞自噬与固有免疫应答有着重要的相互调控作用.自噬是固有免疫的重要组成成分,可以通过溶酶体直接降解被自噬体包裹的病原体.自噬参与众多固有免疫信号的调控.固有免疫信号也诱导或抑制自噬.自噬在抗胞内病原体感染中发挥重要作用.     

Relations between anthropometric characteristics and degree of severity of the climacteric syndrome in Austrian women

The connection between body-shape characteristics, namely distribution of subcutaneous fat, and the occurrence of psychic and somatic climacteric symptoms was investigated in 142 postmenopausal women from Eastern Austria. It was found that both psychic and somatic symptoms are significantly related to body-shape characteristics. With increasing breadth and circumference, i.e. a higher proportion of subcutaneous fat, the degree of severity of several symptoms increases, with the exception of hot flushes and sweating, dizziness, headache and palpitation. Since, in the climacteric, subcutaneous fat has a positive impact on the secretion of oestrogens and thus on climacteric symptoms, the results of the present study may be interpreted as an effect of the psychosocial stress to which corpulent women are exposed in our society because they do not fit the beauty ideal typical of our culture.     

大学生应付方式与孤独感的相关分析

目的 探讨应付方式与孤独感之间的关系.方法 随机整群抽取188名大学生作被试,对其进行应付方式问卷与孤独量表的测量.结果 (1)在孤独量表得分上男大学生显著高于女大学生,在应付方式上,男大学生在幻想分量表上得分显著性低于女大学生.(2)高孤独感的大学生(孤独量表得分＞42分)在应付方式问卷中的解决问题和求助两个分量表上得分显著低于该两项的平均值.(3)低孤独感的大学生(孤独量表得分＜36分)在解决问题和求助两项得分显著高于该两项的平均值,在逃避分量表上得分显著低于该项的平均值.结论 孤独感的高低与应对方式中的解决问题、求助和逃避项目有明显相关.     

人体测量学肥胖判定指标与微量白蛋白尿的相关性

目的:探讨各项人体测量学肥胖判定指标与微量白蛋白尿(MAU)的相关性。方法:采取分层的整群随机抽样方法,从糖尿病流行病学调查数据库中抽取1 170例,清晨留取随机测定尿微量白蛋白和尿肌酐,根据尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐比值(UACR)水平分为:正常白蛋白尿(NAU)组(男398例,女409例)和MAU组(男175例,女188例)。收集一般临床资料和测定生化指标,统计学处理采用SPSS 16.0软件。结果:与NAU组相比,MAU组年龄、空腹血糖(FBG)、舒张压(DBP)、收缩压(SBP)、血清尿酸(SUA)、腰围(WC)、腰身比(WHtR)、腰臀比(WHR)、高血糖(HG)、原发性高血压、血脂异常及肥胖,尤其腹型肥胖患病率均高于前者,差异有统计学意义;多元线性回归分析,年龄、DBP、FBG、WHtR、WC、WHR与UACR相关。调整年龄、性别、FBG及DBP等因素后,对MAU影响大小依次WHtRWCWHR;采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析男性人群WHtR、WC、WHR等预测MAU的曲线下面积依次为0.68(95%CI:0.67-0.70)、0.64(95%CI:0.62-0.65)、0.57(95%CI:0.55-0.59),预测切点0.52、91.8、0.90cm。在女性人群中,WHtR、WC、WHR等预测MAU的曲线下面积依次为0.71(95%CI:0.70-0.72)、0.69(95%CI:0.68-0.70)和0.64(95%CI:0.62~0.65),预测切点0.52、82.5、0.84 cm。结论:人体测量学腹型肥胖指标与微量白蛋白尿密切相关,可作为预测、评估人群患病风险的简易指标;在人体测量学腹型肥胖指标中,WHtR是预测本地区人群微量白蛋白尿等风险的最好指标,最佳切割点为0.52。     

Angiotensin II type I receptor gene polymorphism: anthropometric and metabolic syndrome traits

Background: The renin angiotensin system is important in the regulation of vascular tone and fluid and electrolyte balance. The angiotensin converting enzyme gene (ACE) genotype has been shown to affect exercise response and glucose load response dependent on birth weight. Angiotensin II type I receptor (AGTR1) A1166C has previously been associated with the development of hypertension and coronary disease, but its metabolic effects have not been investigated.

Method: AGTR1 A1166C was genotyped by allele specific PCR in 378 individuals from Hertfordshire, UK, who had been characterised for metabolic syndrome traits.

Results: Genotype counts were: AA, 183; AC, 170; CC, 25, consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The CC genotype was associated with significantly lower body mass index (by 1.7 units) in men (p = 0.03), and the same magnitude effect in women with significant lower weight in both genders (p = 0.01), also lower waist circumference and waist-hip ratio (p = 0.01) in men, with a trend for lower waist circumference in women also. Additionally, the CC genotype and/or C allele was associated with lower fasting glucose and insulin, and 30 and 120 min glucose in men (respectively, p = 0.08, 0.04, 0.01, 0.06). Lower means of systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, cholesterol, and fasting triglyceride were also observed for the CC genotype in both genders though these were not statistically significant.

Conclusions: The AGTR1 1166 CC genotype appears to predispose to favourable anthropometric and metabolic traits, relative to cardiovascular risk.

     

Inheritance of six anthropometric traits in Vaidyas of West Bengal, India

BACKGROUND: Anthropometric traits are important quantitative traits used by biological anthropologists. Surprisingly little is known about their pattern of inter-generational transmission, probably due to lack of use of developed statistical analysis in previous studies. AIM: The present study is an attempt to approach the problem of the inheritance of anthropometric traits through advanced statistical applications. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Measurements of 824 individuals from 200 families including two generations were collected from Barasat, West Bengal. The study includes age correction by regression, familial correlation, heritability estimation and segregation analyses. RESULTS: Results showed that there is strong involvement of the familial component in variation of anthropometric traits. The magnitude of heritability (h2= 57-83%) also supports their strong genetic basis. The results indicated that additive genes are not the only contributing factor; the effect of environment is considerable and that of dominant genes not negligible. Due to genetic interaction with the local environment (specific for each trait), heritabilities vary from one trait to another. Length measurements have higher heritability than breadth measurements. Segregation analysis revealed that either the additive or dominant major gene (MG) is responsible for this effect, which follows simple Mendelian transmission. Beside this, the possibility of the existence of an additional minor gene cannot be discarded. CONCLUSION: Anthropometric traits have a genetic basis but their mode of inheritance is quite complex in nature. There is evidence of major gene effect (along with polygenes) with Mendelian transmission.     

Relationships between blood pressure, anthropometric characteristics and blood lipids in high- and low-altitude populations from Central Asia

We studied the relationships between blood pressure, anthropometric characteristics and blood lipids in 72 low altitude (LA) Uighurs (600 m), 91 LA-Kirghizs (900 m), 117 medium altitude (MA) Kazakhs (2100 m) and 94 high altitude (HA) Kirghizs (3200 m). All subjects were male and had a similar age (p = ns, ANOVA; range for all 374 subjects: 18-66 yr). Body weight (Wt), body mass index (BM1) and the sum of four skinfolds (4SF) were significantly lower in HA-Kirghizs than the remaining groups (p < 0.0005, p < 0.0005 and p < 0.05 respectively, ANOVA). However, no difference was found in body fat distribution as detected by waist:hip circumference (WHR) and triceps:subscapular skinfold ratios (TSR; p = ns, ANOVA). Stage 1 hypertension was detected in 18% of LA-Uighurs, 2% of LA-Kirghizs, 4% of MA-Kazakhs and 1% of HA-Kirghizs; stage 2 hypertension was detected in 2% of LA-Uighurs and none of the remaining groups; no subject had stage 3 hypertension (The Joint National Committee on Prevention. Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure 1997). Blood cholesterol (CH) and triglycerides (TG) did not differ between groups (p = ns, ANOVA). The relationships between systolic (SBP) or diastolic (DBP) blood pressure and age, Wt, BMI, 4SF, WHR, TSR, CH and TG were independent from altitude (p = ns, ANCOVA). In the pooled sample (n = 374), age explained 1 and 3% of SBP (p < 0.05) and DBP (p < 0.005) variance respectively, Wt was the best predictor of SBP and DBP explaining 11 and 10% of their variance respectively (p < 0.0001) and CH explained 5% of DBP variance (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, hypertension is more frequent in LA- than MA- and HA-subjects from Central Asia. However, anthropometric characteristics and blood lipids do similarly contribute to explain blood pressure in these subjects.     

Marital correlation for anthropometric characteristics in Brazilian Indians

A total of 336 couples from 10 villages of three Brazilian Indian tribes was studied in relation to 15 anthropometric characteristics. Correlation coefficients between husband and wife were generally positive, none of the negative ones reaching a probability level of 1% or less. Thirteen correlations attained this level, but none of the traits behaved similarly in the three tribes. Height adjustment taking into consideration the correlation between mates for age did not much alter the correlation coefficients, but a larger influence was observed after allowance for temporal effects. A significant pair of canonical variables was obtained considering sitting height and leg length, but factors related to facial and bone form, extracted through principal-components analysis, yielded correlations insignificantly different from zero.     

Relationships between blood pressure,anthropometric characteristics and blood lipids in high- and low-altitude populations from Central Asia

We studied the relationships between blood pressure, anthropometric characteristics and blood lipids in 72 low altitude (LA) Uighurs (600m), 91 LA-Kirghizs (900 m), 117 medium altitude (MA) Kazakhs (2100m) and 94 high altitude (HA) Kirghizs (3200 m). All subjects were male and had a similar age (p = ns, ANOVA; range for all 374 subjects: 18-66 yr). Body weight (Wt), body mass index (BMI) and the sum of four skinfolds (4SF) were significantly lower in HA-Kirghizs than the remaining groups (p &lt; 0:0005, p &lt; 0:0005 and p &lt; 0:05 respectively, ANOVA). However, no difference was found in body fat distribution as detected by waist: hip circumference (WHR) and triceps : subscapular skinfold ratios (TSR; p = ns, ANOVA). Stage 1 hypertension was detected in 18% of LA-Uighurs, 2% of LA-Kirghizs, 4% of MA-Kazakhs and 1% of HA-Kirghizs; stage 2 hypertension was detected in 2% of LA-Uighurs and none of the remaining groups; no subject had stage 3 hypertension (The Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure 1997). Blood cholesterol (CH) and triglycerides (TG) did not differ between groups (p = ns, ANOVA). The relationships between systolic (SBP) or diastolic (DBP) blood pressure and age, Wt, BMI, 4SF, WHR, TSR, CH and TG were independent from altitude (p = ns, ANCOVA). In the pooled sample (n = 374), age explained 1 and 3% of SBP (p &lt; 0:05) and DBP (p &lt; 0:005) variance respectively, Wt was the best predictor of SBP and DBP explaining 11 and 10% of their variance respectively (p &lt; 0:0001) and CH explained 5% of DBP variance (p &lt; 0:0001). In conclusion, hypertension is more frequent in LA- than MA- and HA-subjects from Central Asia. However, anthropometric characteristics and blood lipids do similarly contribute to explain blood pressure in these subjects.

An Bewohnern des Tieflandes (LA), mittlerer Hohen (MA) und an Hochlandbevolkerungen (HA) wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen dem Blutdruck, anthropometrischen Charakteristika und Blutlipiden untersucht. Im einzelnen handelt es sich bei den untersuchten Bevolkerungen um 72 LA-Uiguren (600m), 91 LA-Kirgis (900 m), 117 MA-Kasaks (2100 m) und 94 HA-Kirgis (3200 m). Es handelt sich ausschliesslich um mannliche Probanden ahnlichen Alters (p = ns, ANOVA; Variationsbreite fur alle 374 Probanden: 18-66 Jahre). Das Korpergewicht (Wt), der Body Mass Index (BMI) und die Summe von vier Hautfaltendicken (4SF) war bei den HA-Kirgis signifikant niedriger als in den ubrigen Gruppen (p &lt; 0:0005; p &lt; 0:0005 bzw. p &lt; 0:05, ANOVA). In der Verteilung des Korperfetts, die uber das Verhaltnis von Taillen- zu Huftumfang (WHR) sowie das Verhaltnis von Trizeps-Hautfaltendicke zur Dicke der subskapularen Hautfalte (TSR; p = ns, ANOVA) erfasst wurde, liessen sich jedoch keine Unterschiede beobachten. Ein Bluthochdruck im Stadium 1 liess sich bei 18% der LA-Uiguren, 2% der LA.Kirgis 4% der MA-Kasaks und 1% der HA-Kirgis beobachten; ein Bluthochdruck des Stadiums 2 wurde lediglich bei 2% der LA-Uiguren beobachtet, wahrend er in den ubrigen Bevolkerungen nicht vorkam; ein Bluthochdruck des Stadiums 3 wurde in keiner Bevolkerung beobachtet (The Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of Hypertension 1997). In den Blutkonzentrationen von Cholesterin (CH) und Triglyzeriden (TG) wurden keine Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen beobachtet (p = ns, ANOVA). Der Zusammenhang zwischen dem systolischen (SBP) bzw. dem diastolischen Blutdruck (DBP) und dem Alter, Wt, BMI, 4SF, WHR, TSR, CH und TG war von der Hohenlage des Wohnortes unabhangig (p = ns; ANCOVA). In der gepoolten Stichprobe (n = 374), erklarte das Alter 1 bzw. 3% der Varianz des SBP (p &lt; 0:05) bzw. des DBP (p &lt; 0:005). Das Gewicht erwies sich als bester Pradiktor des SBP und DBP, es erklarte 11 bzw. 10% der Varianz (p &lt; 0:0001). CH erklarte 5% der Varianz des DBP (p &lt; 0:0001). Zusammenfassend lasst sich festhalten, dass Bluthochdruck in Zentralasien bei LA-Bevolkerungen haufiger vorkommt als in MA- und HA-Bevolkerungen. Anthropometrische Charakteristika und Blutfette tragen jedoch in ahnlicher Weise zur Erklarung des Blutdruckes bei allen Probanden bei.

On a etudie les associations entre la pression arterielle, les caracteristiques anthropometriques et les lipides sanguins chez 72 Ouigour d'altitude basse (AB) (600 m), 91 AB-Khirghiz (900 m), 117 Kazakhs d'altitude moyenne (AM) (2100m) et 94 Kirghiz d'altitude haute (AH) (3200 m). Tous les sujets etaient des hommes adultes de moyenne d'age similaire (p = ns, ANOVA; etendue de variation pour l'ensemble des 374 sujets: 18-66 ans). Le poids corporel (Pds), l'indice de masse corporelle (IMC) et la somme des quatre plis cutanes (S4PC) etaient significativement plus bas chez les AH-Kirghiz que dans les autres groupes (respectivement p &lt; 0:0005, p &lt; 0:0005 et p &lt; 0:05 ANOVA). Cependant, on n'a pas trouve de difference dans la distribution de la graisse corporelle telle que determinee par les rapports des circonferences taille/hanches (RTH) et par le rapport des plis cutanes triceps/sous-scapulaire (RTS; p = ns, ANOVA). L'hypertension de niveau 1 est presente chez 18% des AB-Ouigour, 2% des AB-Kirghiz, 4% des AMKazakh et 1% des AH-Kirghiz. Le niveau 2 d'hypertension a ete detecte chez 2% des AB-Ouigour seulement. Aucun des sujets n'avait atteint le niveau 3 d'hypertension (Comite de Prevention, Detection, Evaluation et Traitement de la Haute Pression Arterielle, 1997). Le cholesterol sanguin (CS) et les triglycerides (TG) ne differaient pas entre groupes (p = ns, ANOVA). Les associations entre pressions arterielle systolique (PAS), diastolique (PAD) et l'age, le Pds, l'IMC, la S4PC, le RTH, le RTS, le CS et les TG sont independantes de l'altitude (p = ns, ANCOVA). L'age expliquait respectivement 1 et 3% des variances de la PAS (p &lt; 0:05) et de la PSD (p &lt; 0:005), le Pds etant le meilleur predicteur de la PAS et de la PAD, expliquant respectivement 11% et 10% de leur variance (p, &lt; 0:0001), le CS expliquant 5% de la variance en PAD (p &lt; 0:0001). En conclusion, l'hypertension est plus frequente chez les sujets d'AB- que d'AM- et d'AH- en Asie Centrale. Les caracteristiques anthropometriques et les lipides sanguins contribuent demaniere semblable a expliquer la pression arterielle chez les sujets examines.     

The relationship between porosity and fatigue characteristics of bone cements

In this study, the fatigue strengths of acrylic cement prepared by various commercially available reduced pressure mixing systems were compared with the fatigue strength of cement mixed by hand (control) under atmospheric conditions. The following observations were made from this investigation. The mean fatigue strength of reduced pressure mixed acrylic bone cement is double that of cement mixed by hand using an open bowl, 11,354+/-6,441 cycles to failure for reduced pressure mixing in comparison with 5,938+/-3,199 cycles for mixing under atmospheric conditions. However, the variability in mean fatigue strengths of reduced pressure mixed bone cement is greater for some mixing devices. The variation in fatigue strengths for the different mixing techniques is explained by the different porosity distributions. The design of the reduced pressure mixing system and the technique employed during mixing strongly contribute to the porosity distribution within the acrylic bone cement. The level of reduced pressure applied during cement mixing has an effect on the fatigue strength of bone cement, but the mixing mechanism is significantly more influential.