不宁腿综合征

不宁腿综合征为临床常见中枢神经系统感觉运动障碍性疾病,发病机制尚不明确,与遗传因素或多巴胺能系统功能失调有关。发病原因与缺铁性贫血、妊娠、免疫系统疾病、肾衰竭、糖尿病、周围神经病等有关。临床主要表现为感觉障碍、运动症状,并于休息时、傍晚或夜间出现或加重。以铁离子、多巴胺制剂、多巴胺受体激动药、抗癫痂药及阿片类药物为主要治疗药物,     

不宁腿综合征

不宁腿综合征为临床常见中枢神经系统感觉运动障碍性疾病,发病机制尚不明确,与遗传因素或多巴胺能系统功能失调有关。发病原因与缺铁性贫血、妊娠、免疫系统疾病、肾衰竭、糖尿病、周围神经病等有关。临床主要表现为感觉障碍、运动症状,并于休息时、傍晚或夜间出现或加重。以铁离子、多巴胺制剂、多巴胺受体激动药、抗癫药及阿片类药物为主要治疗药物。     

缺血性脑血管病合并不宁腿综合征危险因素分析

目的筛查缺血性脑血管病合并不宁腿综合征的相关危险因素。方法共370例首次发作的缺血性脑血管病患者根据是否合并不宁腿综合征,分为缺血性脑血管病合并不宁腿综合征组(不宁腿综合征组,45例)和不合并不宁腿综合征组(无不宁腿综合征组,325例),详细记录性别、年龄、体重指数、受教育程度、民族、职业、生活方式、体育锻炼、既往史、女性孕产史和绝经年龄;血液化学检测白细胞计数、血红蛋白、血清肌酐、尿素氮、空腹血糖、血清脂质、血浆同型半胱氨酸、血清铁等。结果不宁腿综合征组体重指数高于无不宁腿综合征组(t=2.457,P=0.014),血红蛋白(t=2.819,P=0.005)和血清铁(t=2.168,P=0.024)低于无不宁腿综合征组。多因素前进法Logistic回归分析显示,血红蛋白降低(OR=1.049,95%CI:1.017~1.082;P=0.002)和血清铁降低(OR=1.121,95%CI:1.002~1.254;P=0.047)是缺血性脑血管病合并不宁腿综合征的独立危险因素。结论缺血性脑血管病合并不宁腿综合征临床较为常见,此类患者血红蛋白和血清铁水平较低。     

继发性不宁腿综合征

本文回顾继发性不宁腿综合征的相关研究结果,介绍其常见病因。经研究显示,有多种因素可能与继发性不宁腿综合征的发生发展和严重程度相关,如肾衰竭、脊髓和周围神经病变、妊娠所致铁和叶酸缺乏及相应性激素变化;帕金森病多巴胺能系统功能紊乱;某些药物（抗抑郁药、抗精神病药、组胺受体阻断药）;吸烟、饮酒;咖啡因;偏头痛等。临床应详细询问病史,去除病因,提高患者生活质量。     

共患不宁腿综合征对偏头痛患者情绪和睡眠的影响

目的探讨偏头痛患者的不宁腿综合征(RLS)的发病率及其对情绪和睡眠的影响。方法对200例偏头痛患者(偏头痛组)和100名正常成人(对照组)进行RLS发病率、严重程度、睡眠质量和焦虑及抑郁程度评分,比较偏头痛人群与对照组之间的差异。并对共患有RLS的偏头痛患者的情绪和睡眠情况进行分析。结果成人慢性偏头痛组的RLS发病率(16.25%)较对照组(5%)高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);发作性偏头痛组的RLS发病率(12.5%)与对照组(5%)比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。共患RLS的偏头痛患者较单纯偏头痛者的睡眠质量差、焦虑及抑郁评分高,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。头痛频率及RLS为抑郁、焦虑及睡眠障碍的影响因素(均P0.05)。偏头痛患者的汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评分及匹茨堡睡眠质量量表(PSQI)评分与国际RLS评估量表(IRLS)的相关系数分别为rHAMD=0.397、rHAMA=0.434和rPSQI=0.500;RLS严重程度与抑郁、焦虑及睡眠障碍的严重程度呈正相关关系(均P0.05)。结论慢性偏头痛患者的RLS发病率更高,且RLS症状更严重。RLS的严重程度与抑郁、焦虑和睡眠障碍程度呈正相关关系。     

继发性不宁腿综合征

本文回顾继发性不宁腿综合征的相关研究结果,介绍其常见病因。经研究显示,有多种因素可能与继发性不宁腿综合征的发生发展和严重程度相关,如肾衰竭、脊髓和周围神经病变、妊娠所致铁和叶酸缺乏及相应性激素变化;帕金森病多巴胺能系统功能紊乱;某些药物(抗抑郁药、抗精神病药、组胺受体阻断药);吸烟、饮酒;咖啡因;偏头痛等。临床应详细询问病史,去除病因,提高患者生活质量。     

不宁腿综合征的临床分析

目的讨论不宁腿综合征的临床表现、诊断与治疗。方法回顾分析不宁腿综合征8例。结果不宁腿综合征以双下肢感觉异常为突出表现,静息时出现或加重,活动及被动运动症状缓解或消失,夜间症状突出而导致睡眠障碍,不宁腿综合征常常被误诊为其他疾病。结论不宁腿综合征诊断主要依据特征性的临床表现,左旋多巴制剂及多巴胺受体激动剂疗效肯定。     

不宁腿综合征的临床分析

目的 讨论不宁腿综合征的临床表现、诊断与治疗.方法 回顾分析不宁腿综合征8例. 结果不宁腿综合征以双下肢感觉异常为突出表现,静息时出现或加重,活动及被动运动症状缓解或消失,夜间症状突出而导致睡眠障碍,不宁腿综合征常常被误诊为其他疾病. 结论不宁腿综合征诊断主要依据特征性的临床表现,左旋多巴制剂及多巴胺受体激动剂疗效肯定.     

帕金森病合并不宁腿综合征的相关因素分析

目的研究帕金森病(Parkinson's disease,PD)患者合并不宁腿综合征(restless leg syndrome,RLS)的特点,进一步探讨PD患者易合并RLS的相关因素。方法选取门诊诊断为PD的102例患者,根据是否合并RLS将入选病例分为不伴RLS的PD组和伴RLS的PD组,分别比较两组的一般状况、病史、临床表现、严重程度评分以及治疗等临床资料,进行单因素统计分析。结果102例PD患者中有28例合并有RLS,发生率为27·5%。其中有1例为诊断PD之前即存在RLS,其余均在出现PD症状后才出现RLS症状。两组在HAMD评分上有统计学差异(P0.05),而在一般状况,主要症状,左旋多巴的治疗以及蒙特利尔,UPDRS评分等方面均未见统计学差异(P0.05)。PD患者中RLS的发生与抑郁情绪有着较密切的关系,另外发现PD发病年龄与RLS的严重程度呈负相关。PD患者的发病年龄越小,RLS的程度越严重。结论PD患者抑郁状态时合并RLS的可能性较大。PD合并RLS患者,PD的发病年龄越小,RLS程度越严重。     

帕金森病合并不宁腿综合征26例临床分析

目的探讨帕金森病（Parkinson’s disease,PD）患者合并不宁腿综合征（restless leg syndrome,RLS）的临床特点,且进一步研究PD患者合并RLS的相关因素。方法选取确诊的119例PD患者,根据是否合并RLS分为伴RLS组和单纯PD组,分别比较2组的一般状况、病史、临床表现、严重程度、合并症、治疗情况等临床资料。结果 119例PD患者中26例合并RLS,发生率为20.8%,且RLS均出现在PD症状后。2组在UPDRS、HAMD、HAMA、PSQI上有统计学差异（P〈0.05）,而在一般状况、主要症状、左旋多巴治疗等方面均未见统计学差异（P〉0.05）。另外,发现左旋多巴的日剂量与RLS严重度之间存在正相关关系,即服用左旋多巴剂量越大,RLS程度越重。结论 RLS可能是PD病程中出现的一种并发症。PD运动症状较严重、并发症较多时合并RLS的可能性相对较大,随着多巴胺能药物剂量的加大,RLS的病情可能加重。     

Prevalence and quality of life and sleep in children and adolescents with restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease (RLS/WED) and its impact on sleep and quality of life in children and adolescents.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Municipality of Cássia dos Coqueiros, Brazil. Participants included 383 children and adolescents 5–17 years of age. A comparison group was randomly matched by gender and age with the RLS/WED-affected individuals, pairing one by one.ResultsInterviews were conducted for 383 individuals by a neurologist experienced in sleep medicine. RLS/WED was diagnosed using the essential clinical criteria for definitive RLS/WED in children recommended by the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group. Sleep and quality of life were evaluated using the Sleep Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ) and the Health-related Quality of Life Questionnaire─Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). Comparisons were established with a group of randomly selected individuals without RLS/WED, matched by age and gender (control group). The prevalence of RLS/WED symptoms that manifested at least twice a week was 1.9%. The average age of children with RLS/WED was higher compared to the general population (11.5 ± 2.3 vs 9.9 ± 2.5, p < 0.005). A family history of RLS/WED was detected in 90.9% of the patients. The scores obtained by SBQ were higher (53.9 ± 9.4 vs 47.6 ± 10.9, p < 0.047), whereas the scores achieved by PedsQL were lower (69.8 ± 14.8 vs 81.9 ± 10.4, p < 0.003) in children with RLS/WED compared to controls.ConclusionThe prevalence of RLS/WED symptoms manifested at least twice in the preceding week was 1.9% in children and adolescents. Worsened sleep and quality of life were observed in the study.     

普拉克索治疗原发性不宁腿综合征的疗效和安全陛观察

目的 观察普拉克索对我国原发性不宁腿综合征(RLS)患者的治疗效果以及可能发生的不良反应. 方法 选择自2009年5月至11月在哈尔滨医科大学第二附属医院神经内科就诊的10例中到重度原发性RLS患者,给予普拉克索0.125～0.75mg/d,每日睡前2～3h顿服,持续治疗6周.利用国际RLS研究小组的RLS严重程度量表(mLS)、临床总体印象改善量表(CGI-I)、患者总体印象量表(PGI)和Epworth嗜睡量表(ESS)对患者治疗前后的RLS症状严重程度和嗜睡程度进行评估.并对结果进行统计学分析,同时记录不良反应.结果 (1)治疗后患者的IRLS评分较治疗前平均降低73.7%,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),9例患者IRLS评分降低在50%以上;(2)治疗结束时,8例患者PGI评估选择很好或非常好,9例患者CGI-I评估为明显改善或非常明显改善;(3)患者ESS评分在治疗后较治疗前平均降低3.80±1.75,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);(4)1例患者在治疗末期加量至0.5mg/d时出现轻度恶心,胃区不适,治疗结束停药2 d后症状自行消失;(5)1例患者首次用药后双下肢感觉异常和睡眠障碍即有明显改善.结论 为期6周的临床实验表明,在每日口服剂量为0.125～0.75 mg时,普拉克索对于我国原发性RLS的治疗是安全有效的.     

不宁腿综合征40例临床分析

目的 探讨不宁腿综合征(RLS)的临床表现,观察吡贝地尔对RLS的治疗效果.方法 对40例不宁腿综合征患者的临床特征和治疗结果 进行回顾性分析.结果 40例患者均有肢体不能忍受的不适感,迫切希望活动肢体,夜间症状加重,常伴失眠.根据国际不宁腿综合征研究组(IRLSSG)的诊断标准,平均得分24分.40例患者均给予吡贝地尔50mg睡前口服,治疗4周后,大多数患者主观症状明显改善,IRLSSG评分明显减少(平均得分11分).结论 不宁腿综合征常表现下肢不适,夜间加重,活动后减轻,常伴睡眠障碍,诊断主要依据临床表现,吡贝地尔治疗有一定效果.     

不安腿综合征的诊治

目的 探讨不安腿综合征(RLS)的临床特征,为早期诊断和治疗提供参考.方法 结合相关文献,对16例确诊的不安腿综合征患者的临床表现、治疗、转归进行回顾性分析.结果 RLS是一种以双下肢感觉异常不适为主要症状的病因未明的疾病,可能与贫血、铁缺乏、糖尿病史、肾功能不全等有关.多巴胺受体激动剂为治疗该病的首选药,阿片类、抗惊厥药物、苯二氮类药物及铁剂治疗对部分患者有效.结论 RLS预后较好,及时的诊断和治疗可明显改善患者的生活质量.     

Clinical characteristics of Korean pediatric patients with restless legs syndrome

ObjectivesRestless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common neurological disorder but it is not sufficiently recognized in children and adolescents. It often overlaps with growing pains in children, and as a result the clinical characteristics of pediatric RLS are not well studied, especially in Asia. The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical characteristics of pediatric RLS patients in Korea and compare it to those of adult RLS patients.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all pediatric RLS patients (≤18 years) from January 2015 to December 2018 in a regional tertiary hospital sleep center. We randomly selected adult primary RLS patients without comorbid medical disorders from our sleep center's dataset as controls. The number of controls was determined to be twice the number of pediatric RLS patients according to sample size calculation. The clinical and polysomnographic (PSG) characteristics of both groups were compared. The independent t-test, chi-squared test, and Fisher's exact test were used for analyzing quantitative data between the two groups and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsTwenty-nine primary pediatric RLS patients and 57 adult RLS patients were enrolled. Pediatric RLS patients showed equal prevalence between sexes, as opposed to adults where there is female predominance. Ferritin level was significantly lower in pediatric patients, although it remained within the normal range. Also, pediatric RLS patients showed less severe RLS symptoms and had better sleep quality than adults did in both objective and subjective measures. In addition, PLMS was shown to be less common in pediatric RLS patients compared to adults.ConclusionsPediatric RLS patients showed relatively mild to moderate RLS symptoms and a smaller likelihood of experiencing PLMS than adult patients, which is comparable to similar western studies. Long-term evaluation of a patient's clinical course through multicenter clinical studies is strongly suggested for the future.     

Association between restless legs syndrome and depression in patients with chronic kidney disease

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is reportedly associated with depression. This association may be mediated by both sleep-dependent and sleep-independent mechanisms. Here we analyze the association between RLS and depressive symptoms in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We also assessed whether the relationship is independent of insomnia.In a cross-sectional study, socio-demographic parameters, laboratory data, and medical history were collected from 788 kidney transplant patients and 161 dialyzed patients. Insomnia, depression, and the presence of RLS symptoms were assessed with standard questionnaires. Patients with probable RLS had a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms than those without RLS (56% vs. 22% with vs. without RLS, respectively; P<.001). Patients presenting RLS symptoms had higher Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) scores than patients without RLS [median AIS score (interquartile range): 7 (6) vs. 3 (4) with vs. without RLS, respectively; P<.001]. The AIS score correlated with the CES-D score (Spearman's rho=0.54, P<.001). In multivariate analysis, the presence of RLS symptoms was independently associated with depressive symptoms (OR=3.96, 95% CI 2.21-7.1, P<.001). This relationship remained significant even after including insomnia in the model (OR=2.9, CI 1.55-5.43, P<.001).The presence of RLS symptoms is associated with depression in patients with CKD. This relationship remained significant even after accounting for insomnia. Sleep-independent mechanisms may also contribute to the association between RLS and depression in patients with CKD.