腹膜腔给予SAHA通过上调大麻素受体1的表达改善大鼠骨癌痛的研究

目的:观察腹膜腔给予辛二酰苯胺异羟肟酸(suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid,SAHA)对于骨癌痛(cancer-induced bone pain,CIBP)模型大鼠脊髓背角内大麻素受体1(cannabinoid-like receptor 1,CB1R)表达的影响。方法:将健康雌性SD大鼠随机分为4组:Sham+saline组、CIBP 7 d+saline组、CIBP 14 d+saline组、CIBP 14d+SAHA组。后三组动物胫骨内注射Walker 256乳腺癌肿瘤细胞制作骨癌痛模型。CIBP+SAHA组术后第1 d开始每日连续腹膜腔给予50 mg/kg SAHA至第14 d。利用机械刺激法连续观察各组大鼠的痛行为变化。应用免疫组织化学染色和Western Blot方法观察大鼠腰膨大节段脊髓背角内CB1R的表达情况。结果:自术后第7 d开始,与假手术组相比,CIBP组大鼠机械性缩足阈值(paw withdrawal threshold,PWT)明显下降(P0.01),这种变化一直持续到至少术后第14 d。从术后第1~14 d连续腹膜腔内给予SAHA能明显缓解大鼠机械性痛敏(P0.05)。免疫荧光组织化学染色显示:CB1R主要表达于脊髓背角浅层,CIBP组大鼠脊髓内CB1R表达上调,而腹膜腔内给予SAHA后可进一步促进脊髓背角内CB1R的上调。Western Blot结果显示:与对照组相比,造模后第7d和14 d脊髓背角内CB1R表达上调(P0.05)。与骨癌痛相比,从术后第1~14 d连续腹膜腔给予SAHA能明显促进脊髓背角内CB1R的表达(P0.05)。结论:在骨癌痛状态下,大鼠脊髓背角内CB1R表达增加,可能与体内内源性镇痛系统的激活有关,但此时与对照组相比,上调的CB1R不足以发挥镇痛效果;而腹膜腔内给予SAHA后,脊髓背角内CB1R受体表达进一步上调,从而发挥其镇痛效果。     

SAHA对糖尿病大鼠肾组织Twist和HDAC1表达的影响

目的:通过观察辛二酰苯胺异羟肟酸(SAHA)对糖尿病(DM)大鼠肾组织Twist、组蛋白去乙酰化酶1(HDAC1)及相关上皮-间充质转化和纤维化指标表达的影响,初步探讨SAHA对糖尿病肾病Twist表达变化的可能干预机制。方法:以链脲佐菌素复制DM大鼠模型,实验分为正常对照(NC)组、DM组和SAHA组,每组12只。造模成功8周后,SAHA组用SAHA(25 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))进行灌胃。治疗8周后处死大鼠,HE和Masson染色观察肾组织形态变化;免疫组织化学染色观察肾组织中Twist的表达变化;Western blot法检测肾组织中Twist、HDAC1、上皮钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)和IV型胶原(Col-Ⅳ)蛋白的表达;real-time PCR检测肾组织中Twist的mRNA表达。结果:DM组的血糖、24 h尿蛋白量和肾脏指数均显著高于NC组;而SAHA组肾脏指数与DM组相比有明显降低(P0.05),24 h尿蛋白量虽有降低,但差异无统计学显著性,而血糖无明显改变。与NC组对比,DM组大鼠肾组织中HDAC1、α-SMA和Col-Ⅳ蛋白表达上调,E-cadherin蛋白表达下调,Twist的mRNA和蛋白表达上调(P0.05);SAHA组大鼠肾组织中的Twist、HDAC1、α-SMA和Col-Ⅳ蛋白表达量明显低于DM组(P0.05),且Twist的mRNA的表达比DM组低,E-cadherin蛋白表达较DM组有所上升(P0.05)。相关性结果显示,在糖尿病大鼠肾组织中,Twist与HDAC1蛋白表达呈正相关(P0.05)。结论:SAHA可下调DM大鼠肾组织中Twist的表达,减轻糖尿病肾病大鼠肾纤维化病变,其机制可能与抑制HDAC1和Twist形成进而促进Ecadherin转录有关。     

大鼠脊髓内囊泡膜谷氨酸转运体1和囊泡膜谷氨酸转运体2阳性纤维和终末在生后发育中的分布和表达变化

目的 探讨囊泡膜谷氨酸转运体1（VGLUT1）和VGLUT2阳性纤维和终末在生后第0天（P0）至第22天（P22）大鼠脊髓内的分布情况和表达变化。 方法 对生后发育P0～P22大鼠的颈膨大和腰膨大部位,进行VGLUT1和VGLUT2免疫组织化学染色。 结果 P0～P22大鼠颈膨大和腰膨大脊髓内均可观察到VGLUT1和VGLUT2阳性纤维和终末,但未观察到胞体样结构。VGLUT1和VGLUT2阳性纤维和终末的分布呈现明显的互补分布,尤其是以脊髓后角更加明显。其中,VGLUT1阳性纤维和终末在P0主要见于颈膨大和腰膨大脊髓后角Ⅲ～Ⅴ层,中间部和前角很微弱。脊髓发育至P3,不仅Ⅲ~Ⅴ层VGLUT1的表达进一步增强,且向外侧部扩展,并在后角基底部Ⅵ层和前角的外侧部（Ⅸ层）也可观察到较强的VGLUT1阳性纤维,呈现一条明显由背内向腹外的带状分布趋势。P7时此带状分布更加明显,并随着发育逐渐向内、外扩展,至P22时已广泛分布于除Ⅱ层之外的整个脊髓。而VGLUT2阳性纤维和终末在P0时即密集出现于脊髓后角Ⅰ～Ⅱ层以及前角的外侧边缘区域;之后随着发育,VGLUT2阳性纤维和终末的分布模式并未发生明显改变,但其密度逐渐有所增加,特别是Ⅰ～Ⅱ层内VGLUT2阳性产物的表达尤为明显。另外,在脊髓白质后索内可见VGLUT1阳性皮质脊髓后束纤维由颈髓（P3）逐渐下降至腰髓（P7）的发育过程。 结论 VGLUT1和VGLUT2阳性纤维和终末在脊髓发育过程中呈现明显不同,且表现出互补分布的特点,这对于进一步理解VGLUT1和VGLUT2在脊髓生后发育过程中不同功能特点可能有意义。     

SOD对脑缺血-再灌注损伤大鼠谷氨酸转运体功能的影响

目的：探讨超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）对脑缺血再灌注损伤（Ｉ－Ｒ）大鼠皮层、海马、太体氨酸转运体功能的影响。方法：采用大鼠３个血管夹闭、松夹复制脑Ｉ－Ｒ损伤模型。利用脑组织突触膜顾粒对「＾３Ｈ」－Ｌ－谷氨酸摄入量的测定及分光光度法观察ＳＯＤ对皮层海马纹状体谷氨酸转运体功能、丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量及ＳＯＤ活性的影响。结果：Ｉ－Ｒ组谷氨酸转运体的功能及ＳＯＤ活性明显低于对照组,ＭＤＡ含量明显高于对照组。ＳＯ     

外源性脑源性神经营养因子对急性高眼压后大鼠视网膜谷氨酸转运体1表达的影响

目的:检测外源性脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)对急性高眼压后大鼠视网膜谷氨酸转运体1(GLT-1)表达的影响。方法:72只SD大鼠随机分成急性高眼压组、溶媒预处理急性高眼压组和BDNF预处理急性高眼压组,每组动物左眼制作急性高眼压模型,右眼为正常对照,每组动物分别存活1、3、7或14d。用免疫组织化学方法检测外源性BDNF对视网膜GLT-1表达的影响。结果:溶媒预处理急性高眼压组中GLT-1的表达与急性高眼压组相同。与正常视网膜比,急性高眼压组GLT-1的表达在再灌1d时上调,3d时达到高峰,7、14d时表达下调,但仍高于正常对照组。在BDNF预处理急性高眼压组,再灌1d时GLT-1表达明显高于急性高眼压组,3、7、14d时GLT-1表达与急性高眼压组无明显差别。结论:外源性BDNF对急性高眼压后大鼠视网膜的保护作用可能与再灌早期提前上调GLT-1的表达有关。     

脑缺血缺氧对谷氨酸转运体的影响

谷氨酸是存在于哺乳动物中枢神经系统中的一种主要的兴奋性神经递质,同时也具有神经兴奋性毒性作用,其细胞外浓度的调节主要依赖于谷氨酸转运体。当发生缺血缺氧时,由于能量的耗竭,乳酸盐和自由基的产生以及钠离子浓度梯度的破坏引起谷氨酸转运体活性改变,同时其在细胞膜上的表达也受到影响,导致谷氨酸在突触间隙大量积聚,继而激活谷氨酸受体,引起神经元死亡等损伤。本文就脑缺血缺氧对谷氨酸转运体的影响做一综述。     

银杏叶提取物对AD模型小鼠海马谷氨酸转运体GLAST表达的影响

目的探讨银杏叶提取物对AD模型小鼠海马谷氨酸转运体GLAST表达的影响。方法采用双侧海马CA1区注射Aβ_(1-42)法测定正常对照组、AD模型组、AD+银杏叶提取物低剂量组(30 mg·kg~(-1)·day~(-1))、中剂量组(60 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))、高剂量组(120 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))动物海马中GLAST的变化。结果经银杏叶提取物处理后,模型组动物存活率增加;小鼠海马组织中Aβ_(1-42)阳性沉积明显减少,且高剂量组减少最为明显;AD模型组GLAST阳性表达明显减少(P0.05);银杏叶提取物处理组小鼠海马区GLAST阳性表达出现增加,银杏叶提取物中剂量组GLAST阳性表达增加最为显著(P0.05)。结论银杏叶提取物具有缓解Aβ诱导神经毒性的作用,对AD模型小鼠海马中谷氨酸转运体GLAST具有调节和保护作用。     

小鼠中央杏仁核中GluR1的表达变化参与骨癌痛形成

目的:观察GluR1在骨癌痛(bone cancer pain,BCP)模型小鼠中央杏仁核中的表达变化。方法:健康C57小鼠分为假手术对照组(n=100)和骨癌痛组(n=100),每组均在术前和术后7、14、21、28 d先进行行为学检测,检测完毕后取材,进行免疫组化染色和Western Blot检测,观察GluR1在中央杏仁核中的表达变化。结果:从癌细胞接种后第7 d开始,BCP组出现自发缩足次数增多、PWT值降低,14 d后与Sham组比较开始有明显差异,表明模型建立成功;免疫组织化学染色显示GluR1在正常C57小鼠中央杏仁核中的表达水平较低,但在建模术后小鼠中央杏仁核中GluR1的表达开始逐渐升高,图像分析表明GluR1的光密度与对照组比较,第14 d时差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),BCP组21 d时GluR1的表达达高峰(P<0.01),Western Blot检测结果亦与之相符。结论:骨癌痛小鼠GluR1可能在杏仁核参与神经病理性痛的过程中具有重要作用。     

人参皂甙-Rd对SNI大鼠痛觉异常及脊髓背角内谷氨酸和NR2A/B表达的影响

目的:探讨人参皂甙-Rd(G-Rd)对大鼠神经病理性痛的镇痛效果及其机制。方法:成年雄性SD大鼠(30只)随机分成五组:空白对照组(blank control)、坐骨神经分支选择损伤组(spared nerve injury,SNI)、假手术组(sham operation)、SNI+saline(腹腔注射,i.p.)组、SNI+G-Rd(i.p.)组。行为学用von Frey法测定上述各组手术侧后肢机械缩足反射阈值(PWMT),以评定大鼠SNI术后痛敏变化以及人参皂甙-Rd的镇痛效果;用免疫荧光法检测对比上述各组大鼠脊髓L4-6节段背角内谷氨酸样和N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体2A/B亚单位(NR2A/B)样免疫阳性物的平均荧光强度(MFI)。结果:SNI术后10 d,手术侧PWMT值明显低于空白对照组和假手术组,术后20 d达到最低值,SNI+G-Rd组PWMT值明显高于SNI+Saline组(P<0.05)。免疫荧光染色显示SNI术后20 d,脊髓L4-6节段手术侧背角内谷氨酸样和NR2A/B样免疫阳性产物的MFI明显高于空白对照组和假手术组(P<0.05);SNI+G-Rd组脊髓L4-6节段手术侧背角内的谷氨酸样免疫阳性产物的MFI明显低于SNI和SNI+S组(P<0.05),而NR2A/B的MFI未见显著变化(P>0.05)。结论:人参皂甙-Rd可显著改善SNI引起的大鼠痛过敏行为,其可能的脊髓机制之一是与其有效地减少相应脊髓节段背角内谷氨酸的含量有关。     

鱼藤酮对大鼠脑内代谢型谷氨酸受体1α表达的影响

目的:观察鱼藤酮对大鼠脑内代谢型谷氨酸受体(mGluR)1α表达的影响.方法:利用背部皮下注射鱼藤酮制备大鼠帕金森病模型,以免疫组织化学方法显示mGluR1α在大鼠脑内的免疫反应强度.结果:与对照组相比,鱼藤酮组大鼠尾壳核酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)免疫反应强度明显降低、黑质TH阳性神经元数目减少;尾壳核、内侧苍白球、外侧苍白球以及黑质网状部的mGluR1α免疫反应强度呈现不同程度的减弱,以黑质网状部降低最明显;内侧苍白球、外侧苍白球及黑质网状部mGluR1α免疫反应阳性突起减少;mGluR1α灰度值结果分析显示鱼藤酮组与对照组差异有统计学意义.结论:鱼藤酮降低大鼠脑内mGluR1α的表达.     

Effects of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid on rat cytochrome P450 enzyme activities

Vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, SAHA) is the first approved histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma after progressive disease following two systemic therapies. The rats were randomly divided into SAHA groups (low, medium and high dosage) and control group. The SAHA group rats were given 12.3, 24.5, and 49 mg/kg SAHA, respectively, by continuous intragastric administration for 7 days. The influence of SAHA on the activities of CYP450 isoforms CYP2B6, CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP2C9 were evaluated by cocktail method, they were responsed by the changes of pharmacokinetic parameters of bupropion, phenacetin, tolbutamide, metroprolol and omeprazole. The five probe drugs were given to rats through intragastric administration, and the plasma concentration were determined by UPLC-MS/MS. The result of SAHA group compared to control group, there were statistical pharmacokinetics difference for bupropion, phenacetin, tolbutamide and metroprolol. Continuous intragastric administration for 7 days may induce the activities of CYP2C19 of rats, inhibit CYP1A2 and slightly inhibit CYP2B6 and CYP2D6 of rats. This may give advising for reasonable drug use after co-used with SAHA. The results indicated that drug co-administrated with SAHA may need dose adjustment. Furthermore, continuous intragastric administration of SAHA for 7 days, liver cell damaged, causing liver cell edema, in liver metabolism process.     

Involvement of spinal monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in cancer-induced bone pain in rats

In this study, we examined the involvement of chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in the spinal cord of a rat model of cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP). In this model, CIBP was established by an intramedullary injection of Walker 256 cells into the tibia of rats. We observed a significant increase in expression levels of MCP-1 and its receptor CCR2 in the spinal cord of CIBP rats. Furthermore, the intrathecal administration of an anti-MCP-1 neutralizing antibody attenuated the mechanical allodynia established in CIBP rats. Likewise, an intrathecal injection of exogenous recombinant MCP-1 induced a striking mechanical allodynia in naïve rats. These results suggest that increases in spinal MCP-1 and CCR2 expression are involved in the development of mechanical allodynia associated with bone cancer rats.     

头孢曲松对脑损伤后海马谷氨酸及谷氨酸转运体-1的影响

目的:观察β-内酰胺抗生素头孢曲松对创伤性脑损伤大鼠海马谷氨酸(Glutamate,Glu)及谷氨酸转运体-1(Glutamate transporter subtype-1,GLT-1)的影响。方法:将60只健康成年SD大鼠随机分三组:假手术组(Sham组)、脑创伤模型组(TBI组)、头孢曲松组(CTX组),采用改良Feeney法制备大鼠创伤性脑损伤模型,致伤后立即腹腔注射头孢曲松(200mg/kg)。伤后6 h、12 h、24 h及48 h取材,采用干湿比重法测定脑组织含水量;高效液相色谱法检测大鼠海马兴奋性氨基酸Glu水平;免疫组织化学法及Western blot法检测大鼠海马组织GLT-1的分布及表达情况。结果:模型组大鼠较Sham组相比,脑组织含水量明显增加(P0.05),海马区Glu水平显著升高(P0.05),大鼠海马GLT-1的蛋白表达量明显下调(P0.05)。与模型组大鼠比较,头孢曲松治疗组大鼠脑水肿减轻(P0.05),大鼠海马Glu水平明显下降(P0.05),GLT-1的蛋白表达量上调(P0.05)。结论:β-内酰胺抗生素头孢曲松可以阻断兴奋性神经毒性,减轻脑水肿程度。     

The effect of enzyme replacement therapy on bone crisis and bone pain in patients with type 1 Gaucher disease

The effect of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) on bone crisis and bone pain was investigated in patients with Gaucher disease (GD) type 1 followed over 4 years. Data from the International Collaborative Gaucher Group Gaucher Registry were used. Only patients with bone crisis and/or bone pain data for 1 year prior to ERT, and for each of 3 years after the start of ERT, were included. Bone crises were reported in 17% of patients during the year before starting ERT. The frequencies of bone crises decreased to 5%, <1% and 3% for 1, 2, and 3 years after initiation of treatment, respectively (p < 0.0001). Bone pain followed a similar pattern of response. Bone pain was reported in 49% of patients the year before treatment and decreased to 30% in the first year, 29% in the second year, and 30% in the third year of ERT (p < 0.0001). ERT is associated with a reduction in bone crisis and bone pain in patients with GD type 1 . This study shows that significant improvements in symptoms of skeletal disease are achievable clinical outcomes and treatment goals in GD type 1.     

Contribution of glutamate transporter GLT-1 to removal of synaptically released glutamate at climbing fiber-Purkinje cell synapses

Rapid removal of synaptically released glutamate from the extracellular space ensures a high signal-to-noise ratio in excitatory neurotransmission. In the cerebellum, glial glutamate transporters, GLAST and GLT-1, are co-localized in the processes of Bergmann glia wrapping excitatory synapses on Purkinje cells (PCs). Although GLAST is expressed six-fold more abundantly than GLT-1, the decay kinetics of climbing fiber-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (CF-EPSCs) in PCs in GLAST(−/−) mice are not different from those in wild-type (WT) mice. This raises a possibility that GLT-1 plays a significant role in clearing glutamate at CF-PC synapses despite its smaller amount of expression. Here, we studied the functions of GLT-1 and GLAST in the clearance of glutamate using GLAST(−/−) mice and GLT-1(−/−) mice. In the presence of cyclothiazide (CTZ) that attenuates the desensitization of AMPA receptors, the decay time constant of CF-EPSCs (τ_w) in GLT-1(−/−) mice was slower than that in WT mice. However, the degree of this prolongation of τ_w was less prominent compared to that in GLAST(−/−) mice. The values of τ_w in GLT-1(−/−) mice and GLAST(−/−) mice were comparable to those estimated in WT mice in the presence of a potent blocker of glial glutamate transporters (2S,3S)-3-[3-(4-methoxybenzoylamino)benzyloxy]aspartate (PMB-TBOA) at 10 and 100 nM, which reduced the amplitudes of glutamate transporter currents elicited by CF stimulation in Bergmann glia to ∼81 and ∼28%, respectively. We conclude that GLT-1 plays a minor role compared to GLAST in clearing synaptically released glutamate at CF-PC synapses.     

银杏叶提取物预处理对VD模型大鼠海马CA1区P-GP和GLT-1表达的影响

目的:探讨银杏叶提取物(EGB761)预处理对血管性痴呆(VD)模型大鼠海马CA1区P-糖蛋白(P-GP)及谷氨酸转运体1(GLT-1)的影响。方法:大鼠分为假手术组、模型组和EGB761预处理组。EGB761预处理组在造模前7 d给予EGB761生理盐水混悬液灌胃,假手术组和模型组给予等体积的生理盐水灌胃。采用重复夹闭双侧颈总动脉(CCA)同时腹腔注射硝普钠溶液方法复制VD大鼠模型。Morris水迷宫检测大鼠空间学习记忆能力,用神经颗粒素(Ng)/P-GP和胶质细胞酸性蛋白(GFAP)/GLT-1免疫荧光双标法,观察海马CA1区神经元P-GP和胶质细胞GLT-1表达水平的变化,Western Blot技术检测VD大鼠海马区P-GP和GLT-1蛋白的表达量。结果:(1)Morris水迷宫检测显示,与假手术组相比,模型组大鼠的逃逸潜伏期(Escape latency,EL)明显延长(P0.01),而EGB761预处理组大鼠EL明显缩短(P0.01)。(2)阳性细胞计数观察到,与假手术组相比,模型组海马CA1区Ng/P-GP的阳性细胞数明显减少,GFAP/GLT-1的阳性细胞数则显著增多(P0.01),EGB761预处理组海马CA1区Ng/P-GP和GFAP/GLT-1的阳性细胞数较模型组均明显增多(P0.01)。(3)积分光密度值测定观察到,模型组和EGB761预处理组的Ng/P-GP和GFAP/GLT-1阳性细胞的IOD值较假手术组均明显增大(P0.01);EGB761预处理组的Ng/P-GP和GFAP/GLT-1阳性细胞IOD值均显著高于模型组(P0.01)。(4)Western Blot分析结果显示,模型组和EGB761预处理组大鼠海马CA1区P-GP和GLT-1蛋白表达的灰度值均比假手术组增大(P0.01),EGB761预处理组大鼠海马CA1区P-GP和GLT-1蛋白表达的灰度值均显著大于模型组(P0.01)。结论:EGB761预处理可能通过上调VD模型大鼠海马CA1区P-GP和GLT-1的表达来预防VD的发生。     

Corticosterone inhibits expression of the microglial glutamate transporter GLT-1 in vitro

The present study investigates the effect of the glucocorticoid corticosterone on microglial glutamate transporters in vitro. Microglial cultures obtained from rat cerebral cortex were found to express the excitatory amino acid transporter GLT-1, but not GLAST, and this expression was increased by 1 ng/ml lipopolysaccharide after 12 h of stimulation. This increase has previously been shown to be mediated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha, a cytokine released by microglia during pathological conditions. Furthermore, lipopolysaccharide increased the microglial release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and 1 microM corticosterone inhibited this effect. Corticosterone also inhibited the lipopolysaccharide-induced increase of the GLT-1 expression as well as the expression in non-activated cells. The effect of corticosterone on the GLT-1 expression was dose dependent and accompanied by similar effects on the microglial glutamate uptake capacity. Additionally, exogenous tumor necrosis factor-alpha was found to counteract the effect of corticosterone on microglial GLT-1 expression. The effect of corticosterone appeared to be glucocorticoid receptor specific since 10 microM of the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone inhibited the effect. Thus, corticosterone decreased the microglial uptake of glutamate by decreasing the expression of glutamate transporters, probably due to the inhibited microglial tumor necrosis factor-alpha release. These results provide insights into the mechanisms behind microglial glutamate transporter expression during pathological conditions, and contribute to the debate about the beneficial or harmful effects of glucocorticoids.     

异羟戊酸复合高渗盐对失血性休克模型大鼠血流动力学的影响

背景：研究表明异羟戊酸对于失血性休克后动物重要脏器有一定的保护作用,7.5%高渗盐对于失血性休克血流动力学的稳定作用显著。 目的：观察异羟戊酸复合7.5%高渗盐对失血性休克大鼠血流动力学的影响。 方法：将50只大鼠随机等分为5组：假手术组、休克不复苏组、异羟戊酸组、7.5%高渗盐组和7.5%高渗盐复合异羟戊酸组,除假手术组外其他4组建立失血性休克模型。假手术组麻醉置管后不予失血;休克不复苏组失血不复苏,观察60 min后处死;其他3组在失血60 min后分别在5 min和20 min内经静脉给予异羟戊酸、7.5%高渗盐溶液、异羟戊酸溶于7.5%高渗盐干预。各组经股动脉和右颈总动脉置管实时监测心率、平均动脉压和右室收缩压变化。 结果与结论：采取一定的复苏措施3 h后,与异羟戊酸组和7.5%高渗盐组相比,7.5%高渗盐复合异羟戊酸组心率最高(P < 0.05),复苏后不仅平均动脉压和右室收缩压上升平稳,作用时间持久且波动较小(P < 0.05)。实验结果证实,7.5%高渗盐复合异羟戊酸干预对于失血性休克后大鼠复苏效果优于传统的高渗盐溶液复苏以及单纯的药物复苏。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植;肝移植;移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植;组织工程     

电针对内脏痛模型大鼠结肠壁、背根节和脊髓内AchE和CGRP表达的影响

目的:观察电针治疗内脏痛对结肠壁、背根节和脊髓内胆碱酯酶(AchE)和降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)免疫阳性物质表达的影响,以探讨AchE和CGRP免疫阳性物质在痛觉传递中的作用及电针镇痛的机制。方法:26只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组(6只)、内脏痛组(VP组,10只)和电针+内脏痛组(EA+VP组,10只)。电针取双侧"足三里"穴刺激60 min,运用酶组织化学技术和免疫组织化学技术,观察电针刺激对福尔马林所诱发的大鼠盆腔内脏痛时,结肠壁、背根节和脊髓内AchE和CGRP免疫阳性物质表达的影响。结果:内脏痛组大鼠在注射福尔马林后,结肠壁、背根节和脊髓内AchE免疫阳性物质的表达显著高于正常组(P<0.01),CGRP免疫阳性物质的表达显著低于正常组(P<0.01);而电针+内脏痛组,结肠壁、背根节和脊髓内AchE免疫阳性物质的表达显著低于内脏痛组(P<0.01),CGRP免疫阳性物质的表达又显著高于内脏痛组(P<0.01)。结论:电针对大鼠急性盆腔内脏痛具有预防性治疗作用,Ach和CGRP可能参与了电针对内脏痛的调节作用。