手助腹腔镜技术在外伤性脾破裂中的应用

目的:探讨手助腹腔镜技术治疗外伤性脾破裂的临床价值。方法:19例外伤性脾破裂患者用手助腹腔镜技术行脾切除术。结果:18例手术均顺利完成,1例中转开腹,手术时间40～130min,平均60min,术后恢复良好,全组术后均无并发症发生及手术死亡病例。结论:手助腹腔镜技术治疗外伤性脾破裂患者创伤小,术后康复快,并发症少,是一种安全可行的术式。     

手助的腹腔镜脾切除术

目的 探讨手助的腹腔镜脾切除术手术技术。方法用手助技术完成5例腹腔镜脾切除术，其中原发性血小板减少性紫癜3例，血吸虫性肝硬化、脾肿大及脾功能亢进伴胆囊结石2例。3例行手助的腹腔镜脾切除术，2例同时行腹腔镜胆囊切除术 手助腹腔镜巨脾切除。结果 2～5h完成手术，术中出血少。病人术后恢复顺利。结论 手助腹腔镜脾切除术操作安全、手术时间缩短，并使腹腔镜切除较大脾脏成为可能。     

手助腹腔镜脾切除术治疗外伤性脾破裂的临床应用

目的探讨手助腹腔镜脾切除术治疗外伤性脾破裂的可行性及临床意义. 方法 2002年1月～2003年1月,采用手助腹腔镜脾切除术治疗外伤性脾破裂18例,Buntain CT分级Ⅱ型7例,Ⅲ型11例.其中12例合并其它脏器损伤.结果 16例顺利完成手术,手术时间75～115 min,平均92.5 min.2例因术中怀疑有其它大血管破裂而中转开腹手术.术后恢复正常工作时间:6例单纯脾破裂20～30 d,有合并伤10例30～100 d. 结论手助腹腔镜脾切除术治疗外伤性脾破裂切实可行,适用于Buntain CT分级Ⅱ、Ⅲ型脾脏损伤且无严重合并伤的患者.     

手助腹腔镜脾切除术

目的　探讨手助腹腔镜脾切除术手术技术。　方法　用手助腹腔镜技术完成 5例腹腔镜脾切除术 ,其中原发性血小板减少性紫癜 (ITP) 3例 ,血吸虫性肝硬变、脾肿大及脾功能亢进伴胆囊结石2例。 3例行手助腹腔镜脾切除术 ;2例同时行腹腔镜胆囊切除与手助腹腔镜巨脾切除。　结果　 2h～ 5h完成手术 ,术中出血少。患者术后恢复顺利。　结论　手助腹腔镜脾切除术操作安全、手术时间短 ,并使腹腔镜切除较大脾脏成为可能。     

手助腹腔镜巨脾切除术临床分析

目的探讨对巨脾行手助腹腔镜脾切除术(hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy,HALS)的可行性、安全性和手术技巧。方法2005年1月~2006年12月,对门脉高压性巨脾40例,采用HALS(n=15)或开腹脾切除(open splenectomy,OS)(n=25)。2组年龄、性别、肝功能分级、脾脏大小相似。结果2组未发生严重手术并发症。与OS组相比,HALS组术中出血多[(312±61)ml vs(235±105)ml,t=2.583,P=0.014],手术时间长[(95±20)min vs(73±16)min,t=3.832,P=0.000],术后肠功能恢复早[(48±1)h vs(98±1)h,t=-153.093,P=0.000],术后住院时间短[(6±2)d vs(10±2)d,t=-6.124,P=0.000)]。结论手助腹腔镜巨大脾脏切除是安全、可行的。与开腹脾脏切除相比,虽然手术时间长,但是术后恢复快、住院时间短。     

手助的腹腔镜脾切除术

本文报道用手助技术完成腹腔镜脾切除术治疗1例原发性血小板减少性紫癜症。2．5h完成手术，术中出血少。3天之内恢复。手助腹腔镜脾切除术操作安全、手术时间缩短，并使腹腔镜技术切除较大脾脏成为可能。     

手助法在腹腔镜巨脾切除术中的应用

目的 通过总结手助法在腹腔镜巨脾切除术中的应用经验,探讨手助法在腹腔镜脾切除术中的价值.方法 总结我科2007年3月至2012年4月施行的15例手助式腹腔镜巨脾切除术.结果 15例中,男6例,女9例,年龄21~46岁;其中1例采用Endo-GIA行一级脾蒂离断术,其余均通过超声刀及血管夹行二级脾蒂离断术,2例同时行贲门周围血管离断术.手术时间80~180min,平均(117.4±30.3) min,出血量20~450 mL,平均(178.0±137.7) mL,术后引流管于2~5 d拔出,住院时间8~10 d,无并发症发生.结论 手助法能够明显降低腹腔镜巨脾切除术的手术难度及术中出血的危险,缩短手术时间,减少出血量,值得推广.     

手助腹腔镜巨脾和胆囊联合切除术

目的 :总结手助的腹腔镜巨脾切除手术技术。方法 :用手助技术完成腹腔镜巨脾和胆囊联合切除术治疗 1例脾肿大、脾功能亢进伴胆囊结石患者。结果 :4 5h完成手术 ,术中出血较少。患者术后恢复良好。结论 :手助的腹腔镜巨脾和胆囊联合切除术操作安全 ,手术时间短 ,技术上完全可行     

无蓝碟手助腹腔镜巨脾切除术15例报告

目的探讨无蓝碟手助腹腔镜下脾切除术的安全性和疗效。方法 2009年5月～2011年7月,完成手助腹腔镜巨脾切除15例（脾脏长径138～192 mm,平均169 mm）,其中6例行贲门周围血管离断术。上腹正中5～6 cm切口,左手常规进腹,超声刀离断胃结肠韧带后,用伸入腹腔的手指在胰腺上缘将脾动脉主干游离,丝线结扎,并在手指引导下于脾蒂后方穿过吻合器钉仓,击发后离断脾蒂,然后再离断脾周围韧带,完整切除脾脏。结果 15例手术均顺利完成,手术时间76～294 min,平均147 min;出血量55～1100 ml,平均292 ml。术后住院时间7～15 d,平均9.8 d。15例随访1～25个月,平均14个月,血小板在术后18～27 d内（平均24.6 d）恢复正常,术后无远期并发症。结论无蓝碟手助腹腔镜脾切除术手术时间短,术后恢复快,并发症少,是一种值得推广的安全有效的手术方法。     

外伤性脾破裂的手辅助腹腔镜手术技巧

目的 探讨手辅助腹腔镜技术在外伤性脾破裂治疗中的手术技巧.方法 2002年1月至2006年10月采用手辅助腹腔镜脾切除术治疗42例外伤性脾破裂,其中18例合并其他脏器损伤.结果 42例均手术顺利,无中转开腹手术;手术时间32～105 min,平均62 min;24例单纯性脾破裂患者术后平均住院7天,18例有合并伤者平均住院12.8天;无严重手术并发症及手术死亡.结论 手辅助腹腔镜脾切除术在外伤性脾破裂治疗中具有创伤小、手术时间短、操作安全等优点,熟练的手术技巧是手术成功的保证.     

腹腔镜脾切除术治疗外伤性脾破裂的体会

目的:探讨腹腔镜脾切除术治疗外伤性脾破裂的技术要点。方法:用完全腹腔镜脾切除术治疗6例外伤性脾破裂患者,其中Ⅱ级损伤3例,Ⅲ级损伤3例,3例合并其他脏器损伤。结果:6例均顺利完成手术,无中转开腹。手术时间80～150min,平均110min。术中出血200～500ml,平均350ml。术后3例单纯性脾破裂者平均住院7d,3例伴合并伤者平均住院15.6d,术后患者顺利康复,无并发症发生。结论:腹腔镜脾切除术治疗外伤性脾破裂安全、可行,但有一定的技术难度。     

Grasping and dissecting instrument for hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery

Background: The operative potential of hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) could be enhanced by the introduction of a new generation of assisting instruments. These tools will have to meet specific requirements of shape, function, and safety of use. Methods: Problems related to the working environment of HALS and deriving projectual restrictions of HALS instruments were analyzed in order to develop and manufacture a working prototype with grasping and dissecting properties to assist during HALS procedures. The resulting instrument was mechanically and clinically tested in 22 HALS procedures. Results: The additional benefit of the new device was particularly appreciated during dissection and isolation of vascular pedicles (nephrectomies and splenectomies). It was shown to be safe and effective in providing the additional assistance it was designed for. Conclusion: The described grasping and dissecting instrument for HALS is of great value in assisting the surgeon during fine dissection, as required in selected procedures. New generation of HALS instruments should comply with the functional and safety issues analyzed in this report.     

腹腔镜门脉高压症巨脾切除术脾蒂的处理体会

目的:探讨手助腹腔镜下巨脾切除的脾蒂处理方法和技术。方法:2003年2月~2006年3月共完成手助腹腔镜门脉高压症巨脾切除术33例。脾蒂的处理方法如下:直线切割缝合器23例,直视下结扎4例,血管闭合器(L igaSure)2例,钛夹2例,腔镜下结扎2例。结果:33例手术全部成功处理脾蒂,未发生脾蒂大出血。手术时间150~260m in,平均190m in。术中出血100~2 000m l,平均490m l。切除脾重500~2 000g,平均910g。术后32例恢复顺利,1例因肝功能衰竭死亡。结论:腔镜下巨脾切除术脾蒂处理十分关键,直视下结扎和应用直线切割缝合器处理脾蒂最为安全、有效。     

手辅助腹腔镜手术在胃肠外科中的应用及适应证选择

尽管传统腹腔镜技术在胃肠道良恶性疾病中的应用逐步获得广泛的认可,但仍有学习曲线延长、手术时间延长、技术难度增加以及肥胖患者手术复杂性等不足。手辅助腹腔镜技术（HALS）作为介于开腹手术与腹腔镜手术的一种杂交技术．由于恢复了手的触觉以及手眼协调．弥补了传统腹腔镜手术的不足．同时部分保留了传统腹腔镜手术的微创优势,且手术时间及学习曲线明显缩短．在肥胖患者及复杂的胃肠手术中具有一定优势。但HALS手术也存在手对术野的阻挡和手疲劳等不足．HALS治疗恶性肿瘤的近远期疗效尚待更多的循证学研究加以证实。     

手助腹腔镜行伴肝脾切除联合手术36例报告

目的：探讨手助腹腔镜用于伴肝脾切除复杂联合手术的可行性和安全性。方法：根据病灶部位和手术要求选择恰当的手助切口,为36例伴肝或脾联合病灶患者施行手助腹腔镜手术,其中肝脾联合切除4例,左肝巨大血管瘤及子宫全切除1例,巨脾及胆总管切开取石3例,改良Sugiura手术28例。结果：36例联合手术均在手助腹腔镜下获得成功,平均手术时间146min,平均出血133ml,术后无严重并发症发生,术后平均住院11.2d。结论：严格掌握手术适应证,手助腹腔镜行伴肝脾切除复杂联合手术是安全可行的,有利于减少创伤,降低手术难度,缩短手术时间,有效控制出血。     

Ideal manipulation angle and instrument length in hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery

Background This study aimed to investigate the impact of manipulation angles and instrument length on task performance and muscle workload in hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery. Methods The standard task was to close a 5-cm enterotomy of porcine small bowel inside a hand-assisted laparoscopic trainer. Surgeons were instructed to place the sutures 3 to 5 mm apart and from the enterotomy edge. Ten surgeons participated in each experiment. In the first experiment, each surgeon performed one task for each of the following manipulation angles: 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90°. In the second experiment, each surgeon performed two sessions of three tasks using either standard-length (330 mm) or short (250 mm) needle holders in the external hand. Outcome measures were execution time (s), placement error score (mm deviation from exact placement), leaking pressure (mmHg), and muscle workload by upper extremities as measured by integrated electromyography (mV s). Results In the first experiments, the mean execution time was significantly longer with 90° angles than with 45° and 60° manipulation angles (1,074.9 vs 715.9 s and 657.9 s with p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). The 90° manipulation angle had the greatest muscle workload by the deltoid and trapezius of the extracorporeal and intracorporeal limbs and the extracorporeal dominant arm extensor and flexor groups. In the second experiment, the short instruments had a shorter mean execution time than the standard-length instrument (572.05 vs 618.75 s; p < 0.01). There was less muscle workload with the short than with the standard-length instrument by the extracorporeal dominant forearm extensor and flexor muscle groups and the deltoid of extracorporeal dominant and intracorporeal limbs. There were no significant differences in leaking pressure or placement error score between the different manipulation angles and instrument lengths. Conclusion The best ergonomic setup in hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery entails a manipulation angle of 45° to 60° and use of an instrument with a shorter shaft than standard laparoscopic length. The study of manipulation angle was presented at the 12th International Congress of the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery (EAES) and Other Interventional Techniques, Barcelona, June 2004; the experiment on instrument length was presented at the Technology Award Session, the 13th International Congress of the EAES, Venice, June 2005.     

手助腹腔镜扩大右半结肠切除血管骨骼化淋巴清扫术

目的探讨手助腹腔镜(HALS)能否模拟完成扩大右半结肠切除术中血管骨骼化淋巴结清扫。方法2001年11月至2004年9月由同一组医生对30例右半结肠癌患者分别完成HALS(腹腔镜组)和开腹手术(开腹组),各15例。分析比较两组患者的临床资料。结果腹腔镜组与开腹组的手术时间分别为(214.0±16.5)min和(245.0±24.6)min(t=2.248,P<0.05);术中出血量分别为(78.4±24.3)ml与(203.3±48.5)ml(t=4.927,P<0.05);术后肛门排气时间分别为(53.4±6.7)h与(67.3±9.7)h(t=2.530,P<0.05);术后住院天数分别为(11.5±1.11)d与(17.9±4.0)d(t=3.413,P<0.05);肠旁各站淋巴结数N1分别为(15.3±2.6)枚与(16.2±3.3)枚(t=0.48,P>0.05);N2分别为(5.6±1.6)枚与(5.9±2.2)枚(t=0.213,P>0.05),N3分别为(4.3±2.2)枚与(6.1±1.5)枚(t=1.429,P>0.05),两组患者术后并发症发生率分别为20.0%(3/15)与33.3%(5/15),(χ2=0.0227,P>0.05)。结论HALS可以很好地完成扩大右半结肠切除、术中血管骨骼化淋巴清扫这一高难度手术。     

手助腹腔镜技术在巨脾切除中的应用

目的:探讨手助腹腔镜技术在巨脾切除术中的应用。方法:用手助腹腔镜技术实施1例巨脾切除术。结果:顺利完成手助腹腔镜巨脾切除,手术时间3h,术中失血30ml,切除脾脏约40cm×15cm×10cm大小,未中转开腹,无术中术后并发症发生,住院7d,治愈出院。结论:手助腹腔镜脾切除术对于巨脾是可行的、安全的,而且保留了微侵袭外科恢复快的优点,为组织学检查提供足够大的标本。     

Ergonomic assessment of optimum operating table height for hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery

Background  To investigate the influence of the working surface height on task performance and muscle workload in hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery. Methods  The standard task used was closure of 5-cm enterotomy inside a hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery trainer. Surgeons were instructed to place the sutures 3–5 mm apart and from the enterotomy edge. Ten surgeons participated in each experiment and one task was performed with each level. The first experiment compared the quality of task performance and muscle workload with the working surface at: elbow level, 10 cm above, 15 cm above and 10 cm below the elbow. Further narrower levels (5 cm below, at the elbow and 5 cm above the elbow) were investigated in the second experiment. Outcome measures were execution time (s), placement error score (mm), leakage pressure (mmHg), number of execution errors, muscle workload as measured by integrated electromyography (mV·s) and visual analogue score of back discomfort (mm). Results  The first experiment showed that 15 cm above the elbow level was associated with the longest execution time and similar quality of task performance. This level resulted in a higher workload of the deltoid of the extracorporeal limb, the arm extensor of the intracorporeal side and the trapezius and paraspinal muscles of both intra- and extracorporeal limbs. Also, the 10 cm above the elbow level was associated with increased muscle workload of the deltoid of extracorporeal limb and the trapezius of both limbs compared with the elbow height. The 10 cm below the elbow level was associated with increased back discomfort. The second experiment showed that 5 cm below the elbow height was associated with increased muscle workload of the arm flexor group of the intracorporeal dominant limb. Conclusions  The optimum table height for hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery allows the working surface of the extracorporal instrument handle to be at or 5 cm above the elbow level.