骨科老年患者术后精神障碍的预防护理

目的探讨围术期精神状态评估在骨科老年患者术后精神障碍预防护理中的应用效果。方法按入院时间将骨科住院老年手术患者分为两组,2012年1月至2013年1月收治的老年手术患者110例为对照组,2013年2~12月收治的106例老年手术患者为观察组。对照组按围术期常规实施护理干预,观察组在常规护理基础上加强围术期精神状态评估并采用临床护理路径表实施护理干预。结果观察组术后精神障碍发生率及症状持续发作时间显著低于及短于对照组,患者满意度显著高于对照组,意外拔管发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论对骨科老年手术患者加强围手术期精神状态评估及护理干预,可有效降低老年患者术后精神障碍发生率,并缩短症状持续发作时间,提高患者对护理工作的满意度。     

Management of patients with neurological and psychiatric disorders

Stroke, neuromuscular disorders, epilepsy and psychiatric disease are amongst the most common neurological conditions encountered in patients presenting for surgery. In some instances, patients may require surgery as a direct result of their neurological disease. Both anaesthesia and surgery may exacerbate pre-existing disease, and there may be important interactions between drugs used to treat neurological disease and drugs used in the perioperative period. Patients with muscular weakness, immobility, sensory and autonomic neuropathy, or cognitive impairment are in an increased risk of perioperative complications. This article focuses on commonly encountered conditions and their management in the perioperative period.     

高龄大肠癌外科治疗56例分析

目的探讨高龄大肠癌外科治疗与围手术期处理的有关问题。方法回顾分析2005年6月至2010年6月手术治疗的56例75岁以上高龄大肠癌病例。手术切除50例（89．2％）,其中根治性切除37例（66．1％）,姑息性切除13例（23．2％）,单纯结肠造瘘术6例（10．7％）。结果术后并发症16例（28．6％）,无围手术期死亡。结论充分针对高龄患者特点的围手术期处理、合理选择手术方式是减少高龄大肠癌术后并发症和病死率、改善生存质量的关键。     

Assessing pediatric perioperative affect: A concise review of research and clinically relevant scales

Perioperative anxiety and distress are common in pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia and increase the risk for immediate and long-term postoperative complications. This concise review outlines key research and clinically-relevant scales that measure pediatric perioperative affect. Strengths and weaknesses of each scale are highlighted. A literature review identified 11 articles with the following inclusion criteria: patients less than or equal to 18 years, perioperative anxiety or distress, and original studies with reliability or validity data. Although robust research-based assessment tools to measure anxiety have been developed, such as the Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale, they are too complex and time-consuming to complete by clinicians also providing anesthesia. Clinically-based anxiety measurement scales tend to be easier to use, however they require further testing before widespread standard utilization. The HRAD ± scale (Happy, Relaxed, Anxious, Distressed, with a yes/no answer to cooperation) may be a promising observational anxiety scale that is efficient and includes an assessment of compliance. Further studies are needed to refine a clinically-relevant anxiety assessment tool and appraise interventions that reduce perioperative distress.     

Outcomes following burn injury in intensive care patients with major psychiatric disorders

AimsPatients with psychiatric comorbidity have been shown to experience high rates of burn injury. Burn epidemiology, etiology, and outcomes have been sparsely documented for patients with major psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiologic characteristics and outcomes in intensive care burn patients with pre-existing and acute major psychiatric disorders .MethodsA retrospective study was performed including intensive care burn patients admitted between March 2007 and December 2020. Demographic, clinical and epidemiological data were collected and analyzed. Major psychiatric co-morbidities were collected according to ICD-9 and ICD-10 classifications. Patients were stratified according to F-diagnoses.ResultsA total of 1325 patients were included. 16.6 % of all patients had one or more major psychiatric disorders- 9.3 % with anxiety, dissociative, stress-related, somatoform and other nonpsychotic mental disorders, 9.2 % with mood (affective) disorders, 3.5 % with schizophrenia and other non-mood psychotic disorders, and 1.8 % with disorders of adult personality and behavior. Patients with major psychiatric disorders presented with significantly higher burn severity, reflected by higher abbreviated burn severity index (ABSI) scores (5.9 vs. 5.3, p < 0.001) and larger total body surface area (TBSA) affected (15.9 vs. 12.5 %, p = 0.002). Burned TBSA ≥ 30 and inhalation injuries were observed more frequently in patients with MDP, however without statistical significance. They also experienced prolonged hospital length-of-stay (LOS) (25.5 vs. 16.3 days, p < 0.001), prolonged intensive care unit LOS (14.8 vs. 7.7 days, p < 0.001), underwent surgical interventions (3.5 vs. 2.3, p < 0.001) and mechanical ventilation more frequently (34.1 % vs. 16.5 %, p = 0.43) and had significantly longer ventilation durations (73.5 vs. 31.2 h, p = 0.002). Mortality rates were lower compared to patients without major psychiatric disorders (5.9 vs. 8.1, p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe prevalence of major psychiatric disorders in burn patients is considerably high. Patients with psychiatric comorbidities were found to have greater burn severity, prolonged total hospital and ICU LOS, underwent surgical interventions and mechanical ventilation more frequently and had prolonged ventilation duration. Our results highlight the importance of identifying burn patients with major psychiatric disorders who may necessitate additional resources and require extensive inpatient psychiatric care and counseling.     

Adverse outcomes after planned surgery with anticipated intensive care admission in out-of-office-hours time periods: a multicentre cohort study

Background

Increasing mortality for patients admitted to hospitals during the weekend is a contentious but well described phenomenon. However, it remains uncertain whether adverse outcomes, including prolonged hospital length-of-stay (LOS), may also occur after patients undergoing major planned surgery are admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) out-of-office-hours, either during weeknights (after 18:00) or on weekends.

Surgical management of colorectal cancer in patients with psychiatric disorders

Purpose  We analyzed the surgical data and evaluated the management of colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients with psychiatric disorders. Methods  We reviewed the medical records of 83 patients who underwent elective surgery for CRC and divided them into a psychiatric disorder group and a control group to compare the operative data and available clinical information. Results  Of the 83 patients, 27 had psychiatric disorders. The most characteristic symptom of CRC was bloody stool in the psychiatric disorder group, and occult blood in the control group. Postoperative pneumonia occurred significantly more often in the psychiatric group (14.8% vs 1.8%, P = 0.019). Patients with a psychiatric disorder needed significantly more psychotropic drugs (70.4% vs 7.1%, P < 0.001), more physical restraint (44.4% vs 12.5%, P = 0.001), and exhibited more resistant behavior (51.9% vs 8.9%, P < 0.001) postoperatively than the controls. Moreover, a significant decrease in serum albumin (Alb) and total protein (TP) was seen in the psychiatric disorder group on postoperative days (PODs) 21 and 28. A psychiatric disorder was a significant predictive factor for a decrease in TP (odds ratio [OR] 24.2) and Alb (OR 8.6). Conclusions  Insufficient nutrition in the psychiatric disorder group was not attributable solely to the higher incidence of postoperative complications. As psychiatric disorders compromise nutrition, integral treatment provided by surgeons and psychiatrists would improve the nutritional status of these patients and reduce the incidence of postoperative morbidity.     

老年肺癌47例外科治疗分析

目的　探讨老年肺癌的外科治疗特点。方法　对我院 2 0 0 0年 1月至 2 0 0 2年 3月收治的 47例老年肺癌病人的外科治疗进行了分析。结果　肺癌切除率为 95 .7% ,全组无手术死亡。结论　应当合理掌握老年肺癌病人外科治疗的适应证 ,术后结果主要与术前病例的选择、围手术期合并症的治疗有关。     

甲状腺功能亢进合并甲状腺微小癌的外科诊治分析

目的　探讨甲状腺机能亢进 (甲亢 )合并甲状腺微小癌 (thyroidmicrocarcinoma ,TMC)的外科诊断和治疗。方法　分析 1990年 3月～ 2 0 0 3年 8月期间收治的 2 687例甲亢患者中合并甲状腺微小癌的 18例患者的外科诊断和治疗及其预后。结果　本组甲亢与甲状腺微小癌的并存率为 0 .67% ( 18/2 687)。术前确诊 4例 ,术中明确诊断 10例 ,术后病理确诊 4例。其中 2例患者行第二次手术 ,1例补切患侧残余腺体 ,另 1例除补切患侧残余腺体外并加功能性淋巴结清扫。术后随访 10个月～ 14年 ,3例患者再手术后无复发。结论　甲状腺机能亢进合并甲状腺微小癌术前确诊困难 ,术前应详细触诊 ,甲亢患者合并甲状腺结节者应常规作术中快速冰冻切片检查 ,甲状腺叶全切或次全切对治疗甲亢合并甲状腺微小癌具有良好的临床效果     

Perioperative management of patients with congenital or acquired disorders of the QT interval

QT prolongation can be attributable to various causes that can be categorised as acquired or congenital. Arrhythmias related to QT prolongation can result in clinical presentations, such as syncope and sudden cardiac death. The perioperative period presents a number of issues that may affect a patient's risk of developing polymorphic ventricular tachycardia or torsades de pointes. Although most patients may have an unremarkable perioperative course, some may have complications; this review article aims to help clinicians avoid potential complications, and to help them address treatment for perioperative issues that may occur.     

Surgical treatment of extrahepatic portal vein aneurysm: A case report and review of the literature

A portal vein aneurysm, first reported by Barzilai and Kleckner in 1956, 1 is a rare clinical entity caused by portal hypertension or the malformation of veins. The frequent application of radiological imaging for diagnosis and screening of abdominal disorders accounts for the increasing number of case reports over the past 10 years; however, fewer than 60 cases have been reported in the English language literature to date. Herein we report a woman with an extrahepatic portal vein aneurysm, and present a review of literature relating to etiology, clinical significance and management strategies.     

Drug management in emergent liver transplantation of mitochondrial disorder carriers: review of the literature

Vater Y, Dembo G, Martay K, Klein Y, Vitin A, Weinbroum AA. Drug management in emergent liver transplantation of mitochondrial disorder carriers: review of the literature.
Clin Transplant 2010 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399‐0012.2009.01203.x
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract: Background: Mitochondrial respiratory‐chain disorders (MRCD) lead to progressive disabling of neurological and cellular conditions that involve muscles, brain, kidney, and liver dysfunction. Affected individuals may need surgery, including orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Surgery poses anesthesia challenges because of the prolonged use of anesthetic drugs and sedatives, which may inhibit oxidative phosphorylation, mimic mitochondrial cytopathic disorders, or unveil them ex novo. Materials and methods: We conducted a multilingual PubMed search of surgical and non‐surgical anesthesia reports between the years 1992 and 2008, where anesthetic drugs were used in MRCD patients, especially for those undergoing urgent OLTs. Results: There were 51 case reports of 210 anesthesia and critical care interventions in patients with MRCD, a large part of them were children. Data pertaining to the safe usage of anesthesia and perioperative drugs were limited and conflicting. We found no article that addressed the issue of perioperative handling of urgent OLT in MRCD patients. We therefore suggest our own – although limited – experience for such occasions. Conclusion: There are no randomized, controlled, trial‐based indications regarding safe anesthetic drugs to be used perioperatively in MRCD carriers. Consultation among geneticists, anesthesiologists, intensivists, and surgeons is essential in patients with known/suspected metabolic syndrome for planning appropriate perioperative care.     

Burn injury and incidence of psychiatric disorders: A retrospective cohort study of 18,198 patients from Germany

AimsThe goal of this study was to investigate the association between burn injury and the incidence of psychiatric disorders in patients followed for up to five years in general practices in Germany.MethodsThis study included patients receiving an initial diagnosis of burn injury in one of 1178 general practices in Germany between 2015 and 2018 (index date). Individuals without burn injury were matched (1:1) to those with burn injury by sex, age, index year, and general practice. For patients without burn injury, the index date was a randomly selected visit date between 2015 and 2018. Study variables included burn injury with body region, psychiatric disorders (i.e. depression, anxiety disorders, reaction to severe stress and adjustment disorders, and somatoform disorders), sex, age, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index. The association between burn injury and the incidence of psychiatric disorders was studied using Kaplan–Meier curves and multivariable Cox regression models.ResultsThe study included 9099 patients with and 9099 patients without burn injury (53.8% of subjects were women; mean [standard deviation] age was 45.4 [18.5] years). After five years of follow-up, 29.4% of patients with burn injury and 26.2% of those without burn injury were diagnosed with any psychiatric disorder (log-rank p-value < 0.001). Furthermore, there was a positive and significant association between burn injury and the incidence of psychiatric disorders (hazard ratio = 1.32, 95% confidence interval = 1.22–1.43).ConclusionsBurn injury was positively associated with the incidence of psychiatric disorders in individuals followed for up to five years in general practices in Germany.     

Surgical treatment of patients with midline arachnoid cysts

Usually, arachnoid cysts are found in the Sylvian fissure (about 85%); midline arachnoid cysts are rare. Typical clinical symptoms are increased intracranial pressure, caused by a concomitant hydrocephalus, as well as visual and/or endocrinological disturbances.Six patients were examined, treated with one of two different surgical methods (cyst shunting or open treatment, either craniotomy/cyst membrane resection or laser endoscopy).Better results were observed following open treatment methods.     

Surgical management of retroperitoneal tumours: A 12-year review

Background: The aim of the present study was to determine the long-term outcome of patients who had undergone resection of retroperitoneal tumours. Methods: This was a retrospective review of 44 patients with preoperative diagnoses of retroperitoneal tumours, who had resections carried out between April 1996 and June 2008 at our institution. Results: Forty-four patients at our hospital underwent resection with curative intent for retroperitoneal tumours. Eight patients developed recurrences, and reoperations were carried out in these patients. Merely 23.1% of the patients underwent fine-needle aspiration, and of those patients, just 15.4% received the correct diagnosis for their retroperitoneal tumour. Liposarcoma was the most common tumour (31.1%). The overall mean largest diameter of the retroperitoneal tumours was 13.4 ± 8.8 cm, and the median largest diameter was 11.0 cm (range: 2–43 cm). No significant difference was found between the mean largest diameters of benign and malignant tumours (P = 0.08). Simultaneous surgical resection of adjacent organs was required in 46.1% of the patients. The overall survival at 5 years for patients with liposarcomas, other malignancies and benign tumours was 20%, 50% and 100%, respectively. The disease-free survival at 5 years for patients with liposarcomas was zero (P = 0.013), whereas, for other retroperitoneal malignancies and benign tumours, the disease free survival at 5 years was 38% and 100%, respectively. Conclusion: Surgical management of retroperitoneal tumours often requires a multidisciplinary approach. Long-term survival rates for patients with liposarcomas are relatively poor, and recurrences after surgical resection are common.     

应用抗凝药物病人的术前准备及术后处理

手术是导致动静脉血栓栓塞的一个重要危险因素,合理的抗凝治疗能够预防血栓形成并改善手术病人的近、远期预后。对目前常用抗凝药物、围手术期预防和治疗血栓栓塞或出血并发症风险效益比进行评估,针对特殊人群、特殊手术等伴有复杂临床情况时的围手术期抗凝管理策略进行探讨。     

53例老年慢性阻塞性肺病并自发性气胸的外科治疗

目的总结老年慢性阻塞性肺病患者并发自发性气胸的外科治疗体会。方法回顾性分析53例老年慢性阻塞性肺病并发自发性气胸患者的外科治疗方式、术中防肺创面漏气措施以及术后处理情况。结果所有患者术后均顺利拔除气管插管,其中48例无漏气,5例曾出现Ⅰ度漏气,后治愈。术后所有患者胸闷气促症状较术前明显改善,活动耐力增强。术后随访未见手术侧气胸复发。结论老年慢性阻塞性肺病并发自发性气胸的治疗要采取综合治疗方案,术中要联合采用防止肺创面漏气以及促进胸膜腔粘连预防气胸复发的措施,术后要重视患者的管理,采取各种措施促使肺复张,促进胸膜腔粘连的形成,以获得最佳的防治效果。     

腘动脉瘤外科治疗25例

目的 总结腘动脉瘤的外科诊治经验.方法 回顾性分析1988年1月至2012年1月间25例腘动脉瘤患者的临床资料,其中男21例,女4例,年龄13 ～72岁,平均(56±16)岁.病因为动脉粥样硬化18例,外伤6例,腘动脉陷迫综合征1例.本组症状主要为腘窝部搏动性肿物、患肢疼痛、急慢性远端缺血、患肢肿胀等.结果 25例患者中23例行手术治疗,其中17例行动脉瘤切除、自体大隐静脉移植术,4例行动脉瘤切除、人工血管移植术,1例行动脉瘤结扎术,1例行动脉瘤切除、对端吻合术.23例手术患者围手术期无死亡,1例患者术后第45天发生吻合口血栓形成,导致远端缺血坏死行膝上截肢术.术后21例(84％)获得随访,平均随访(6.5±0.5)年,1例双侧腘动脉瘤术后4年又发现右锁骨下动脉瘤,手术成功切除.另2例保守治疗.结论 腘动脉瘤可发生破裂或肢体远端缺血,积极手术治疗可获得良好治疗效果,并需加强术后随访.