颈深筋膜间隙的薄层断面解剖研究及其临床意义

目的：为颈深筋膜间隙的影像和临床疾病的诊治提供解剖学依据。方法：应用低温冰冻技术，制作15套颈部连续薄层横断面标本，在断面上对颈深筋膜各间隙进行观测研究。结果：明确了各间隙的位置、毗邻及出现范围；证实了危险间隙的存在；得出胸骨上间隙应是由颈深筋膜浅层和舌骨下肌筋膜围成；发现颈动脉间隙不是一密闭的间隙，其后外侧与颈后间隙相通。结论：用横断层解剖方法能清楚显示各颈深筋膜间隙的形态结构。     

Photolysis and partial ozonolysis of kappa-elastin from ligamentum nuchae

Photolysis and partial ozonolysis of guanidinated kappa-elastin led to the destruction of isodesmosine and desmosine up to 96.0 and 91.5% respectively. Simultaneously there was a 3.89-fold enrichment of the lysine content. Two lysine containing tripeptides and one dipeptide were isolated and characterized. Their amino acid sequences were Gly-Ala-Lys, Gly-Lys-Ala and Lys-Ala, respectively.     

骶棘韧带阴道固定术的临床解剖学

在26侧成人女性盆腔正中矢状剖面标本上,观察测量了骶棘韧带的长度与附着部宽径、骶棘韧带的周围邻接关系,对以骶棘韧带作为悬吊物施行阴道固定术缝合安全区作了解剖学研究,并讨论了临床应用要点.     

前交叉韧带的应用解剖

在100侧成人尸体的膝部,对前交叉韧带进行了解剖学研究.多束性前交叉韧带分为前内束和后外束,其神经血管束沿束间的疏松结缔组织分布于其中,其主要血供来自膝中动脉支,在韧带周围形成血管滑膜鞘.保护和利用此鞘,以利受损韧带在修复时愈合。     

Henry Jacob Bigelow (1818-1890): his contributions to anatomy and surgery

There have been many advances in the medical world over time that have greatly contributed to ameliorating and prolonging human life. The employment of surgical anesthesia is arguably one of the greatest medical discoveries of all time, and has immensely broadened our ability to treat the ill. While Dr. Henry Jacob Bigelow (1818-1890) was not the inventor of anesthesia, he was the first to publish and advocate its use in the 19th century (Bigelow and Bigelow [1894] A Memoir of Henry Jacob Bigelow, Boston: Little, Brown, and Company; Harrington and Mumford [1905] The Harvard Medical School: A History, Narrative and Documentary, Vol 2, New York: Lewis Publishing Company). Bigelow also contributed to revolutionizing the fields of orthopedic and urologic surgery, publishing extensive research on subjects where there was previously very little knowledge, and even developing new techniques. He also impacted the field of neuropsychiatry in his publication regarding Phineas Gage. His contributions to the medical field have set him apart as one of the most influential and famous surgeons of America in the 19th century. Anatomically, he will be remembered eponymously for his iliofemoral ligament and septum in the femur.     

Characterization of a self-associating glycoprotein from bovine ligamentum nuchae exhibiting dual amine oxidase activity

A homogeneous preparation of glycoprotein (apparent molecular weight 34,000) has been isolated from bovine ligamentum nuchae by treatment of the tissue with 5 M guanidine HCl and 2-mercaptoethanol. The preparation exhibits amine oxidase activity which is only marginally inhibited by beta-aminopropionitrile.     

项韧带的解剖学观测及临床意义

目的为颈椎病的临床诊断提供解剖学资料。方法采用31例头颈标本,观测项韧带的位置、形态及其与周围结构的关系,应用游标卡尺测量其长、宽、厚度。结果横断层标本上,颈椎棘突至皮肤间自上而下可见项韧带由窄到宽,再由宽到窄的形态学改变;正中矢状切标本上,项韧带长13.24±0.13cm,最宽处5.62±0.11cm,厚1.60±0.16cm,形如尖向下的三角形。结论项韧带形态结构的观测对颈椎病的病因诊断及开展微创手术等具有重要的临床意义。     

Coexpression of Serotonin and Nitric Oxide in the Raphe Complex: Cortical Versus Subcortical Circuit

Several lines of evidence have implicated a direct reciprocal interaction between serotonin and nitric oxide (NO). The goal of this investigation was, therefore, to examine the coexpression of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH; the rate limiting enzyme for the synthesis of serotonin) and neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) in the ascending cortical projecting raphe nuclei (B6–B9 subgroups), when compared with the descending spinal cord projecting raphe nuclei (B1–B3 subgroups). Our data demonstrated that: (1) a significant number of raphe‐cortical projecting neurons was identified not only in the midline subgroup of dorsal raphe (B6, 7) but also in the median raphe (B8), as well as in the supralemniscal nucleus (B9); (2) serotonergic cortical projecting neurons from these three raphe nuclei exhibited a high (>80%) percentage of coexpression with nNOS immunoreactivity; (3) similarly, serotonin transporter immunoreactive fibers in the medial prefrontal cortex were also double‐labeled with nNOS immunoreactivity; (4) in contrast, the descending spinal cord projecting raphe nuclei revealed only TPH but not nNOS immunoreactivity. Our present findings suggest the existence of a direct interaction between serotonin and NO in the ascending cortical projecting raphe system. In contrast, a different strategy appears to operate the descending spinal cord projecting raphe system. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

前交叉韧带胫骨附着处临床解剖学研究

目的 研究前交叉韧带(ACL)胫骨附着处的解剖形态学特点,并探讨ACL胫骨附着处测量值埘选择ACL重建方式的意义.方法 对10例福尔马林处理的成人膝关节标本进行解剖.在屈伸膝关节时根据ACL纤维张力区分前内束和后外束,然后从胫骨附着处切断韧带,用Photoshop软件测量附着处的相关数据.结果 ACL存在着两个不同的功能束,即前内束和后外束;胫骨附着处的形状不规则,可分为倒三角形、椭1形及四边形三种;ACL胫骨附着处的前后径与横径分别为(17.89±2.44)mm、(13.85±1.79)mm;前内束和后外束胫骨附着处的面积分别为(101.18±32.28)m㎡、(77.61±19.86)m㎡;两束中心点连线的距离为(8.03±1.51)mm.结论 本研究改进的数字图像测量方法是一种既实用又廉价的测量方法;ACL胫骨附着处测量值可作为选择ACL重建方式的参考.     

含后叶加压素的视上核神经元及含P物质的中缝背核神经元至下丘脑室旁核投射的研究

用HRP逆行追踪与免疫细胞化学结合的方法,对某些投射至大鼠下丘脑室旁核的神经元的化学性质进行了研究.结果显示在视上核内存在三种标记细胞:HRP单标细胞、后叶加压素免疫反应阳性单标细胞和HRP后叶加压素双标细胞.双标细胞为大、中型椭圆形或圆形细胞,约占HRP标记细胞总数的22%.在中缝背核投射至室旁核的神经元中,部分为P物质免疫反应阳性,双标细胞为中小型梭形细胞,约占HRP标记细胞总数的20%.上述结果提示:视上核有后叶加压素能神经元、中缝背核有P物质能神经元投射到室旁核.     

大鼠中缝背核及中缝正中核内的VIP、GABA样触液神经元

本文将ＣＢ－ＨＲＰ注入侧脑室，用ＣＢ－ＨＲＰ逆行迫踪与免疫细胞化学相结合的方法，对大鼠脑干内的中缝背核及中缝正中核的远位触液神经元进行了定性研究。结果表明：中缝背核内存在ＶＩＰ样、ＧＡＢＡ样免疫反应阳性的触液神经元；中缝正中核内亦存在少量ＶＩＰ样、ＧＡＢＡ样免疫反应阳性触液神经元。它们的形态和数量各异。本文首次报道中缝背核和中缝正中核内远位触液神经元的化学性质，为探索其机能意义提供了形态学依据。     

Clinical anatomy of the atrial septum with reference to its developmental components

Knowledge of development is of crucial importance and can help clarify mechanisms of maldevelopment, but it must be properly validated. Concepts of development must be consistent with the anatomy seen in postnatal life. Such consistency is not always achieved. We have reviewed new and old accounts of cardiac embryology with regard to the definitive structure of the atrial septum. The key to understanding is to distinguish between folds of the atrial wall and true interatrial partitions. The flap valve of the oval foramen, and its inferior rim, are true septal structures, whereas the other rims, particularly the antero‐superior rim, are infoldings enclosing extracardiac fat. During embryonic life, the systemic venous tributaries must achieve entrance only to the right side of the primary atrium. Development of the pulmonary venous component is a late event, with the canalizing vein using the dorsal mesocardium to gain access to the left side of the atrium. Once the systemic venous tributaries have achieved their rightward shift, the primary septum, together with the mesenchymal cap, grows between the systemic and pulmonary venous orifices. Closure of the primary foramen is achieved by fusion of the mesenchymal cap of the primary septum with the atrioventricular endocardial cushions and the vestibular spine (an additional mesenchymal structure carried on the right side of the pulmonary venous orifice). The superior margin of the newly formed secondary foramen is produced by an infolding of the atrial walls. Historically these mechanisms received appropriate recognition, but not all receive their proper due in current writings. Clin. Anat. 12:362–374, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

女性骶棘韧带区域应用解剖研究

目的　研究女性尸体标本骶棘韧带（sarospinous ligament,SSL）的解剖特点及其毗邻,为骶棘韧带固定术提供解剖学参考。 方法　对24具女性尸体进行解剖,测量相关参数。 结果　SSL长度右侧为（5.11±0.30）cm,左侧为（5.10±0.36）cm;两侧长度无明显差别。24具尸体阴部管最内侧均为阴部神经,其与坐骨棘距离为右侧（1.51±0.35）cm,左侧（1.61±0.31）cm。SSL薄且坚韧,所有标本的平均厚度约0.2 cm。尾骨肌位于SSL盆腔侧,层厚远大于SSL,且覆盖范围更大,二者联系紧密,重合部分可视为整体。臀下动脉均走行于SSL上缘及以上出骨盆,其中7条经坐骨棘端出骨盆。坐骨神经远离SSL。SSL盆腔面未见重要血管神经束。有少量血管及神经走行于SSL背侧。 结论 行骶棘韧带固定术时应选择离右侧坐骨棘至少1.51 cm、左侧至少1.61 cm处作为悬吊点。     

颈深筋膜及筋膜间隙的薄层断面解剖及三维重建

目的　明确颈深筋膜的分层及筋膜间隙的位置、毗邻 ,为颈深筋膜间隙的影像识别与分析提供参考 ,为临床诊治感染蔓延、肿瘤侵润提供解剖学依据。　方法　采用低温冰冻和生物塑化技术用 17例标本 ,制作了颈部连续薄层横断面 ,对颈深筋膜及筋膜间隙进行了观测。从颈部薄层塑化断面标本上 ,用双线提取间隙轮廓的方法 ,在SGI工作站上对颈深筋膜间隙进行三维重建。　结果　 1.颈深筋膜应分为四层 ,颈深筋膜深层分为翼筋膜和椎前筋膜 ,颈深筋膜各层均参与颈动脉鞘的形成。 2 .颈动脉间隙是一开放的间隙 ,其后外侧与颈后间隙相通 ;证实了危险间隙的存在。 3.重建出咽后间隙、颈动脉间隙和内脏间隙的三维图像 ,并能同时显示间隙内的主要结构。结论　得出了颈深筋膜和筋膜间隙的模式图 ,并为筋膜间隙的三维重建提供了一种新的方法。     

大鼠中缝背核接触脑脊液神经元化学性质的研究

用CB-HRP追踪与免疫细胞化学结合的方法,对大鼠中缝背核接触脑脊液神经元(简称触液神经元)的化学性质进行了研究.将CB-HRP注入第三脑室后,中缝背核内观察到CB-HRP标记细胞,标记细胞分布于中缝背核的背侧部和腹侧部.在CB-HRP与P物质或5-羟色胺免疫细胞化学结合的切片上,中缝背核内出现三种标记细胞:HRP单标细胞,P物质或5-羟色胺免疫反应阳性单标细胞,HRP/SP或HRP/5-HT双标细胞,双标细胞为中、小型梭形或圆形细胞.上述结果提示:中缝背核存在SP能和5-HT能触液神经元.     

抑制一氧化氮合成酶对大鼠睡眠及5－羟色胺神经元免疫反应的影响

采用多导描记及免疫组化方法，观察了侧脑室和腹腔给予硝基左旋精氨酸（Ｌ－ＮＮＡ）对慢性植入电极大鼠睡眠量及中缝背核５－羟色胺（５－ＨＴ）神经元免疫阳性反应的影响。结果表明：Ｌ－ＮＮＡ显著抑制慢波睡眠和快眼动睡眠，与对照相比较，觉醒时间延长。脑室给予Ｌ－ＮＮＡ使中缝背核５－ＨＴ神经元阳性细胞增多。提示一氧化氮合成抑制所致的睡眠抑制可能与中缝背核５－ＨＴ神经元免疫阳性反应增强有关。