Changes in Behavior and Amino Acid Neurotransmitters in the Brain of Rats with Seizure Induced by IL-1β or IL-6

To explore the mechanism of epilepsy induced by IL-1β and IL-6, the changes of glutamic acid (Glu) and GABA immunoreaction in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of rats with seizure induced by IL-1β or IL-6 were studied. Rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group (i. c. v. injection of IL-6). 120 min after the icv injection of reagents of IL-1β or IL-6, behavioral changes were observed and Glu and GABA in the cerebral cortex and hipocampus were examined by means of immunohistochemistry. Our results showed that no seizure developed in the control group, while moderate seizure was observed in IL-1β group and IL-6 group. Compared with the controls, the immunoreaction of Glu was significantly increased, while GABA was obviously decreased in IL-1β group and IL-6 group after 120 min. Our study suggested that the IL-1β and IL-6 might promote and induce epilepsy by increasing Glu and decreasing GABA in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus.     

川芎嗪对癫痫大鼠大脑皮质及海马NOS表达的影响

目的研究川芎嗪（TMP）对青霉素致痫大鼠大脑皮质及海马内一氧化氮合酶（NOS）表达的影响。方法使用青霉素致痈痫大鼠模型，采用BL-410生物机能实验系统记录双侧大脑皮层痫样放电，观察腹腔注射（ip）TMP，对癫痫大鼠大脑皮质及海马内NOS表达的影响。结果腹腔注射TMP后，大脑皮质及海马内NOS的表达较对照组明显降低，差异具有显著性意义。结论TMP能明抑制NOS的表达，具有抗癫痫作用。     

新生大鼠反复惊厥对脑内γ-氨基丁酸A受体α1和γ2亚单位表达的长期影响

目的:研究新生期反复惊厥对大鼠脑内γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid, GABA)A受体α1和γ2亚单位表达的长期影响,及成年期记忆功能和惊厥阈的长期改变.方法:将生后7天(postnatal 7 d,P7)的SD大鼠随机分成两组,每组16只,惊厥组每日吸入三氟乙醚诱导惊厥发作1 次,每次持续30 min,连续6 d;对照组同样操作但不吸入三氟乙醚.两组大鼠于出生后第61～65天(P61～P65)行Morris水迷宫实验,于P75时给予大鼠腹腔注射戊四唑测定大鼠的惊厥阈.随即处死大鼠,分别采用免疫组化方法和RT-PCR方法观察大鼠大脑皮层及海马GABA A受体(GABAAR)α1和γ2亚单位表达的变化.结果:惊厥组大鼠在P64的寻找水下平台时间[(82 424±35 622)ms]较对照组[(40 712±29 467)ms]明显延长(P=0.001).在P65,惊厥组大鼠120 s内穿越原平台位置次数[(1.2±0.9)次]较对照组 [(3.1±1.3)次]明显减少(P＜0.001).惊厥组大鼠注射戊四唑后发生惊厥的潜伏期[(1 487±662) s]与对照组[(1 841±648)s]比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.137).惊厥组大鼠GABAAR α1亚单位免疫化学累积光密度在顶叶及海马CA1、 CA2和CA4区较对照组明显降低(P＜0.05);惊厥组大鼠GABAAR γ2亚单位免疫化学累积光密度在额叶和海马CA4区较对照组明显降低(P＜0.05).惊厥组大鼠大脑皮层GABAAR γ2亚单位和海马区α1亚单位mRNA的表达较对照组明显减少(P＜0.05).结论:新生大鼠反复惊厥可造成脑内GABAAR α1和γ2亚单位表达的长期改变,这种改变可能与新生期反复惊厥导致的成年期记忆障碍相关.     

Effect of coriaria lactone-activated astrocyte-conditioned medium on the cerebral TNF-α of normal rats

Summary To explore the effect of coriaria lactone (CL)-activated astrocyte-conditioned medium on the cerebral TNF-α of normal rats, the CL-activated astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM) was injected into the lateral ventricle of SD rats. The rats were observed for behavioral changes, and the changes of the expression of TNF-α in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus were immunohistochemically examined by employing SP method. TNF-α level was assessed by means of radioimmunoassay in homogenate of cerebral cortex and hippocampus as well as cerebrospinal fluid. Seizure episodes were observed in ACM group 30 min after the ACM injection, but they were not observed in the control group. Immunohistochemical detection showed that the immunoreaction of TNF-α in hippocampus and cerebral cortex of rats were stronger than that of the control group 4 h after the ACM injection (P<0.05). In this group, the concentrations of TNF-α in homogenate of cerebral cortex and hippocampus and cerebrospinal fluid were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). It is suggested that the ACM activated by CL can enhance the expression of TNF-α in normal rats, and is related to epileptogenesis. LI Zhongyu, female, born in 1972, Lecturer This project was supported by a grant from the key National Nature Scientific Foundation of China (No. 30230140).     

Effects of Chloroquine on GFAP, PCNA and Cyclin D1 in Hippocampus and Cerebral Cortex of Rats with Seizures Induced by Pentylenetetrazole

The effects of chloroquine on glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP）, proliferation cell nuclear antigen （PCNA） and Cyclin D1 in hippocampus and cerebral cortex of rats with seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole （PTZ） were observed in the present study. Forty-eight male adult Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided into control group, chloroquine intervening group, and PTZ group. The behavior and electroencephalogram （EEG） were observed and recorded. GFAP and PCNA were examined with immunohistochemistry. The content of Cyclin D1 in hippocampus and cerebral cortex was inspected with Western blot. The results showed no seizure activity in the control group, severe seizure activity in the PTZ group （Ⅳ - Ⅴ degree）, and slight seizure activity （ Ⅰ -- Ⅲ degree） in the chloroquine intervening group （P〈0.05）. EEG recordings showed no epileptic spikes in the control group, high amplitude with fast frequency in the PTZ group, low amplitude and slow frequency in the chloroquine intervening group. The expression of GFAP and the positive index of PCNA in the PTZ group were higher than those of control group （P 〈0.05 and P〈0.01, respectively）. No differences in GFAP expression and PCNA index were observed between chloroquine intervening and control groups （P〉0.05）. The content of Cyclin D1 in hippocampus and cerebral cortex was significantly higher in the PTZ group than in control and chloroquine intervening groups （P〈 0.05）. Therefore, it is considered that chloroquine, by inhibiting the functions and proliferation of glial cells in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, can alleviate the seizure activities. These results suggest that chloroquine may be an ideal anticonvulsant in preventing and treating epilepsy.     

氯喹对戊四氮致痫大鼠脑内神经递质表达的影响

目的 研究氯喹对戊四氮(PTZ)致痫大鼠脑内星形胶质细胞介导的腺苷激酶(ADK)及谷氨酸(Glu)表达的影响,探讨氯喹在控制癫痫发作中的治疗作用及机制。方法 30只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组、戊四氮(PTZ)致痫组和氯喹干预组,每组10只。观察大鼠行为表现,记录脑电改变,免疫组化法检测3组大鼠脑内ADK和Glu的表达水平。结果 对照组大鼠无痫样发作,戊四氮(PTZ)致痫组大鼠癫痫发作严重(Ⅳ~Ⅴ级),脑电图记录呈频发高幅的癫痫样波,氯喹干预组大鼠的痫样发作有所减轻(Ⅰ~Ⅲ级),脑电图显示癫痫样波幅低且缓。戊四氮(PTZ)致痫组大鼠脑内ADK和Glu表达增强,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),采用氯喹干预后,大鼠脑内ADK及Glu表达降低,与癫痫组相比差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 氯喹可减轻癫痫大鼠的痫样发作,抑制脑内ADK的表达水平,并能降低Glu的含量。     

Effect of interleukin-1β on the variation of adenylyl cyclase expression in rats with seizures induced by L-glutamate

Summary  To explore the mechanism of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) in the onset of seizure and the effect of IL-1β on the expression of adenylyl cyclase (AC) in rats with seizure induced by L-glutamate. Experimental rats were first injected with IL-1β and then L-glutamate (a dose under the threshold) was injected into the right lateral ventricle. The rats were sacrificed 4 h after the onset of epileptic activity and examined for changes in behavior, immunohistochemistry and compared with those with seizure induced by L-glutamate alone. It was found that the expression of AC in hippocampal and neocortex of rats with seizure induced by IL-1β and L-glutamate were stronger than that of control group (P<0.05), without significant difference found between the L-glutamate group and IL-1β plus L-glutamate group in the expression of AC, the latent period and the severity of seizure. When IL-ra were given (i.c.v.) first, there was no epileptic activity and the expression of AC did not increase. There were no differences in the expression of AC of rats with IL-1ra and that of control rats. But when 2-methyl-2-(carboxycyclopropyl) glycine (MCCG) was given (i. c. v.) first, the strongest expression of AC, the shortest latent period and the the most serious seizure activities were observed. The results indicated that IL-1β could facilitate the onset of epilepsy induced by L-glutamate through IL-1R, metabotropic glutamate receptors might work with IL-1R and the increased expression of AC might be involved in the process. WANG Zhen, female, born in 1973, Doctoral Student This project was supported by a grant from National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 30170484).     

Effects of hydrogen sulfide on a rat model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy

To investigate the interaction and involvement of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS),a H2S donor,on hippocampus of rats suffering from sepsis-associated encephalopathy,rats were subjected to cecal ligation and...     

穴位埋药线对难治性癫痫大鼠大脑海马及皮质多药耐药基因MDR1b的影响

目的探讨穴位埋药线对难治性癫痫大鼠大脑海马及皮质中多药耐药基因MDR1b的影响。方法选用雄性SD大鼠120只。随机分为空白对照组、模型组、拉莫三嗪组、普通线组、药线组。普通线组与药线组均取大椎、肝俞（双）、血海（双）、丰隆（双）穴,先埋一侧穴位,间隔15d后埋对侧穴位;拉莫三嗪组按照人用拉莫三嗪剂量为5mg／（kg·d）换算灌胃大鼠。每日2次;模型组给予灌胃同等体积（2mL／d）的蒸馏水,均干预30d。采用荧光实时定量聚合敏链反应（RT—PCR）的方法检测多药耐药基因MDR1b在海马与颞叶皮层的表达。结果与模型组相比,药线、普通线、拉莫三嗪干预后能降低致痫大鼠海马区多药耐药基因MDR1b的表达水平（P〈0．05）;与空白对照组比较,模型组中致痫鼠海马区多药耐药基因MDR1b的表达水平明显升高（P〈0．01）;与普通线组比较,药线组明显降低致痫大鼠海马区多药耐药基因MDR1b的表达水平（P〈0．05）;模型组的海马区与颞叶皮质区多药耐药基因表达差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论埋药线逆转与降低致痫大鼠海马区及皮质区多药耐药基因的表达水平．可能是其抗癫痫生物学作用机制之一。     

大脑皮质及海马雌、孕激素受体在癫痫发作后的变化

目的 探讨雌、孕激素受体与癫痫发病的关系。方法 采用免疫组织化学ABC法观察了侧脑室注射谷氨酸致痫雄性大鼠相关脑区雌、孕激素受体的变化。结果 雌、孕激素受体广泛分布于大脑皮质及海马区域，定位于胞核及胞浆，致痫组大鼠雌激素受体较正常对照组明显降低，而孕激素受体较正常对照组明显升高。结论 雌、孕激素受体的不同变化提示受体激素可能通过与其相应受体作用分别发挥致痫和抗痫作用。