代谢组学在缺血性脑卒中研究中的进展

脑卒中是众多发达国家及发展中国家人口致残及致死率居高不下的主要原因之一。本文综述了近10年缺血性脑卒中研究所涉及的与代谢组学相关的主要内源性代谢物及其在脑损伤过程中所产生的作用机制,以代谢组学研究内源性代谢物变化的角度综述了缺血性脑卒中研究的近况。     

代谢组学在中医气虚研究中的应用

目的为代谢组学在中医气虚体质及其治疗药物研究中的应用提供参考。方法通过检索国内外数据库中的相关文献,对近年来代谢组学在气虚研究中的运用进行归纳和总结。结果代谢组学的研究思路与中医学相似,在中医气虚治疗研究中通过分析代谢产物对相关疾病标志物进行筛选,可为新药的研究提供潜在治疗靶点。对气虚患者用药前后的代谢产物进行分析,可明确药物作用机制并科学地评价药效。在中医证候诊断研究中,代谢组学在认识虚证本质方面提供了科学依据。人参对气虚证有显著的疗效,但人参对气虚体质的调节作用机制尚不明确。结论运用代谢组学技术可寻找气虚体质人群经干预后特异代谢产物的变化,寻找潜在的生物标志物,通过调节体内代谢达到预防、治疗疾病以及相关药品的开发等目的。     

代谢组学在关节炎中的研究进展

代谢组学是继蛋白质组学、转录组学、基因组学之后兴起的一门“组学”,它对体内生化反应的中间产物和终产物进行定性、定量分析,是对上述3种组学的延伸。本文介绍了代谢组学的主流分析平台及其在关节炎模型中的应用,并就中西药对关节炎治疗作用的代谢组学以及与之相关的生物标志物作一综述。     

代谢组学在药物毒理学中的应用

代谢组学是利用多元统计分析方法对特定条件下的某个生物系统（细胞,组织,器官）的所有代谢产物进行研究从而探索特异性的生物标志物和代谢途径的新兴学科。本文就代谢组学在药物毒理学中的应用进行了简要评述,并对现阶段代谢组学在药物毒理学研究中存在的问题和发展趋势进行了探讨。     

代谢组学在中草药研究中的应用

亚洲国家使用中草药（traditional Chinese herb medicines,TCHMs）治疗疾病的历史悠久。中草药的活性成分通常在多个靶点发挥协同治疗作用,但其常规成分的疗效低于西药。中草药的复杂功效致使评价其疗效及阐明其作用机制极具挑战性,也阻碍了其被广泛认可与应用。代谢组学是系统生物学的重要组成部分,它通过研究大量低分子内源性代谢物的代谢途径反映机体的基础代谢状态。近年来,人们致力于利用代谢组学阐明中草药的疗效、探索其机制并确定可能的生物标记物,成果丰硕。本文对代谢组学研究结果进行归纳、分析和总结,为其在评估中草药药理作用和开展中草药代谢研究提供参考。     

代谢组学在中药药效物质基础和药物作用研究中的进展

中药药效物质基础和药物作用机制研究是中药实现现代化的关键。代谢组学强调把人体作为完整的系统来研究,从整体出发来考察疾病和药物对人体产生的影响,与中医学的思想相一致^[1],它在继承和发扬中医药特色和优势的基础上,研究生命的内在规律,认识疾病的本质,从而阐明中药的效应物质基础和作用机制,     

代谢组学在中药研究和抗肿瘤研究中的应用进展

［摘要］代谢组学是近年来快速发展的“组学”,是代谢控制论提升的学科,是评价细胞和体液的内源性和外源代谢物浓度与功能关系的学科。代谢组学是后基因时代的一门新兴的独立学科。该学科的应用跨越生物技术和医药技术,具有广阔发展前景。代谢组学与药物药效和毒性筛选及评价研究和安全性评价、作用机制研究与合理治疗用药密切相关。从代谢组学技术用于中药研究的可行性、代谢组学的整体观念与中药作用的整体观念的一致性、代谢组学应用于恶性肿瘤的研究等3个方面阐述代谢组学与中药研究及抗肿瘤研究的关系,为代谢组学在中药研究和恶性肿瘤诊断方面的应用及其机制研究提供新的研究方法和思路。     

代谢组学在乳腺癌生物标志物中的应用进展

乳腺癌是发生在乳腺上皮细胞处的恶性肿瘤,随着发病率的升高,乳腺癌已成为女性最常见的恶性肿瘤。乳腺癌患者的代谢发生显著改变,所以对乳腺癌代谢进行研究是寻找乳腺癌治疗靶点的途径之一。代谢组学作为新兴发展的学科,能够利用质谱和核磁共振技术对乳腺癌的代谢谱进行全方面的分析,提供肿瘤发生发展的关键信息。本文综述了近年来代谢组学在乳腺癌中的研究进展,以期为乳腺癌的临床治疗和研究提供新的思路。     

代谢组学在肝肾损伤研究中的应用

代谢组学是近年来新发展起来的一门组学,已成为生物医学研究领域的新热点.由于其广泛的应用前景,目前已是系统生物学的重要组成部分.肝损伤及肾损伤是临床常见的危害人类健康的疾病,但目前的指标缺乏特异性,且灵敏度不高,造成临床上难以对肝肾损伤做出准确而及时的预警和监测.代谢组学能从代谢的角度整体分析疾病,快速、安全地对疾病的严重程度进行判别,在肝肾损伤的早期诊断等方面的研究已初显优势.本文主要综述了代谢组学技术在肝肾损伤研究中的应用现状.     

代谢组学在乳腺癌诊断和治疗中的研究进展

代谢组学通过对新陈代谢过程中所有低分子量(<1 kD)代谢产物进行定性定量分析,是反映生物体对内外刺激变化规律的科学。本文介绍了代谢组学的概念及研究方法,并着重总结了代谢组学在乳腺癌预防、早期诊断、疗效评估和预后评判等方面的研究进展,为进一步开展临床应用提供参考。     

对贵阳1402名中学教师进行代谢综合征及相关疾病流行病学调查

目的：调查贵阳市属中学1402名教师及退休教师的代谢综合征及相关疾病的患病情况。方法：采用测血压，量身高体重并计算体重指数，测定空腹血糖、甘油三脂和高密度脂蛋白。将所得结果作统计学处理。结果：共查出443例代谢综合征患者，总患病率为31．60％，50～59岁和60～69岁年龄段患病人数最多，占患病人数的73．36％。高血压、超重、肥胖、高甘油三脂血症、低高密度脂蛋白血症和糖尿病的发病率分别为：43．30％、47．65％、31．95％、39．23％、3．28％和5．14％，亦以中老年人为高。结论：贵阳市属中学的中老年教师及退休教师的代谢综合征及相关疾病的患病率高。     

脑梗死合并代谢综合征126例临床分析

目的 研究脑梗死与代谢综合征的关系.方法 选择经头颅CT证实的脑梗死患者126例,按NCEP-ATPⅢ诊断标准分为代谢综合征组和非代谢综合征组,比较两组的临床特征,分析脑梗死与代谢综合征的相关性.结果 脑梗死患者126例中有71例合并代谢综合征,占56.3％,代谢综合征组的体质量指数(BMI)、腰围、腰臀比(WHR)、动脉血压、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇( LDL-C)均显著高于非代谢综合征组,而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇却显著低于后者.结论 代谢综合征导致脑梗死的发生增加,是脑梗死的高危因素.     

1H NMR-based metabonomic analysis of urine from young spontaneously hypertensive rats

Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and their substrains are a useful model for studying essential hypertension which is a complex, polygenic, and multifactorial disorder. Their genetic and metabolic features are of great interest because they may provide insights into the mechanism of blood pressure regulation. We have compared urinary metabolic profiles of young SHR with those of their age-matched normotensive controls, Wistar Kyoto rats, using (1)H NMR-based metabonomics. Principal components analysis was applied to the NMR spectral data after data-reduced and normalized by the total integral or the creatinine integral. Consequently, a clear separation of urine samples between the two strains was observed in the principal components scores plot. The loadings plot from the data normalized by the creatinine integral showed that many metabolites such as citrate, alpha-ketoglutarate, and hippurate contributed to the separation, and the urinary levels of most metabolites used in this study, including these three, were lower in SHR than in Wistar Kyoto rats. These metabolic changes may be concerned with blood pressure regulation in SHR, although a relation to other strain differences cannot be ruled out. The present study suggests the usefulness of a (1)H NMR-based metabonomic approach using SHR in the field of hypertension research.     

新疆生产建设兵团60699例成年居民身体质量指数与高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常患病率的相关分析

目的 探讨新疆生产建设兵团成年居民身体质量指数（BMI）与高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常患病率的关系。方法2019年8月至2020年7月采用多阶段整群抽样，以≥18岁新疆生产建设兵团常住居民为调查对象，采用方差分析、偏相关分析和logistic回归分析，研究BMI与高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常患病率的关系。结果 60 699例研究对象中高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常的患病率分别为28.65%(17 384/60 699),10.01%(6 074/60 699),28.32%(17 182/60 699);BMI分层中正常体质量占46.98%，超重占37.80%，肥胖占15.22%；不同BMI分层中病人的血压、血糖和血脂水平差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；相关性分析中BMI与收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖、总胆固醇、三酰甘油和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）呈正相关（P<0.05），与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）呈负相关（P<0.05）；多因素logistic回归分析显示，超重组的高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常患病风险是正常组的2.07倍、2.02倍和1.88倍；肥胖组的高血压、糖尿病和血...     

高频超声在2型糖尿病与高血压患者对下肢动脉粥样硬化影响的对比研究应用

目的研究糖尿病(DM)与高血压(HP)患者下肢动脉粥样硬化(AS)的发病率,重视DM患者AS的防治,为临床提供理论依据。方法应用高频彩色多普勒超声观察130例DM合并AS患者与100例单纯HP患者对照组下肢动脉。对两组下肢动脉内-中膜厚度、有无粥样硬化斑块的发生、管径狭窄或闭塞及血流动力学改变进行比较。结果 DM组下肢血管管腔的内-中膜厚度、硬化斑块、狭窄、闭塞的发生率明显高于HP组。内-中膜厚度增加及硬化斑块的发生率以动脉分叉bifurcation明显,而管腔狭窄、闭塞以股浅、胫前动脉为重,足背动脉最重。结论 DM患者较单纯HP患者更容易并发和加重下肢AS,高频彩色多普勒超声检查可以为临床诊疗提供可靠的信息。     

H NMR-based metabonomic study on the metabolic changes in the plasma of patients with functional dyspepsia and the effect of acupuncture

Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a common gastrointestinal disorder with multiple pathogenic mechanisms seen in clinical practice, and acupuncture may potentially be an alternative therapy for it. In order to investigate the biological effects of FD and the effect of acupuncture on metabolism, ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabonomic techniques have been used to compare the plasma metabolic profiles of six female FD patients with those of six female healthy control subjects. Plasma metabolic profiles of FD patients treated by acupuncture at the Foot-Yangming Meridian were also collected and compared. Data obtained from NMR spectroscopy were subjected to principal components analysis (PCA). The results show that there are relatively higher levels of glucose, acetate, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho), and lower levels of lactate, leucine/isoleucine, N-acetyl glycoprotein (NAc), and low-density lipoprotein/very low-density lipoprotein (LDL/VLDL) in FD patients than in healthy controls. Acupuncture treatment of FD patients significantly changed the levels of leucine/isoleucine, lactate and glucose, and slightly changed lipids level towards those of the healthy controls, demonstrating its therapeutic effects on the relief of FD symptoms. Due to the limited number of subjects, the present work is just a proof-of-principle study and further researches with larger number of subjects are needed. Our work shows the potential of an NMR-based metabonomic approach in the study of biological effects of acupuncture.     

Increasing conclusiveness of metabonomic studies by chem-informatic preprocessing of capillary electrophoretic data on urinary nucleoside profiles

Nowadays, bioinformatics offers advanced tools and procedures of data mining aimed at finding consistent patterns or systematic relationships between variables. Numerous metabolites concentrations can readily be determined in a given biological system by high-throughput analytical methods. However, such row analytical data comprise noninformative components due to many disturbances normally occurring in analysis of biological samples. To eliminate those unwanted original analytical data components advanced chemometric data preprocessing methods might be of help. Here, such methods are applied to electrophoretic nucleoside profiles in urine samples of cancer patients and healthy volunteers. The electrophoretic nucleoside profiles were obtained under following conditions: 100 mM borate, 72.5 mM phosphate, 160 mM SDS, pH 6.7; 25 kV voltage, 30 degrees C temperature; untreated fused silica capillary 70 cm effective length, 50 microm I.D. Different most advanced preprocessing tools were applied for baseline correction, denoising and alignment of electrophoretic data. That approach was compared to standard procedure of electrophoretic peak integration. The best results of preprocessing were obtained after application of the so-called correlation optimized warping (COW) to align the data. The principal component analysis (PCA) of preprocessed data provides a clearly better consistency of the nucleoside electrophoretic profiles with health status of subjects than PCA of peak areas of original data (without preprocessing).     

An integrated metabonomic method for profiling of metabolic changes in carbon tetrachloride induced rat urine

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) is a well-known model compound for inducing chemical hepatic injury. This work characterizes the metabolism disorders of hepatotoxicity induced by CCl₄ in a Wistar rat model with a single dosage of 1 ml/kg. A seven-day long continuous collection of urine was performed in male rats in this experiment. Blood biochemistry and histopathology were examined to identify specific changes of liver hepatotoxicity. At the same time, an integrated analytical approach based on liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC–MS) was developed to map the metabolic response in urine. The current metabonomic approach based on LC–MS indicated 23 endogenous metabolites as biomarkers in urine associated with the hepatotoxicity induced by CCl₄. The underlying regulations of CCl₄-perturbed metabolic pathways were discussed according to the identified metabolites. The present study proves the great potential of LC–MS based metabonomics in mapping metabolic response for toxicology.     

The impact of medication adherence on health outcomes for chronic metabolic diseases: A retrospective cohort study

BackgroundHypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia have a large influence on health outcomes due to their chronic nature and serious complications. Medication is a key factor in preventing disease advancement, and it is important to assess whether good medication adherence has any potential long-term impact on health outcomes and provides an international validation on the relationship.ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of good medication adherence on health outcomes of complications and hospitalizations for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes.MethodsPatients who had had outpatient pharmacy claims for drugs for hypertension, diabetes, or hyperlipidemia were separately identified from the Korean National Health Insurance Claims Database in year 2009. A 10% random sample was respectively drawn from the three disease groups, and all claims from years 2008–2011 were extracted for the sampled subjects. Medication adherence was measured by the medication possession ratio (MPR) during the 12-month after the index date, the initial date from when medication was counted, with poor adherence as <80% of MPR. Health outcomes were measured both at 2 and 3 years after the index date as any occurrence of disease-related complications, disease-specific hospitalizations, and all-cause hospitalizations.ResultsPoor medication adherence was associated with a higher occurrence of disease-specific hospitalizations for hypertension patients (+10.9%, only at 2 years). The likelihood of all-cause hospitalization was higher among patients who had poor medication adherence in hypertension (+32% and +29% at 2 and 3 years), hyperlipidemia (+16% and +14% at 2 and 3 years), and diabetes (+32% and +29% at 2 and 3 years). Poor medication adherence also increased the likelihood of complications for hypertension (+14% and +7% at 2 and 3 years) and hyperlipidemia patients (+8.1% at 2 years).ConclusionsTargeting good medication adherence could be a valuable policy strategy to effectively manage chronic diseases to improve health outcomes.