2006年河南省南阳市流行性乙型脑炎病毒的分离与分子特征分析

目的在河南省南阳市采集蚊虫标本,进行西尼罗病毒基因检测,分离流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)病毒并分析分离株的分子生物学特征。方法 2006年从南阳市采集蚊虫标本,将标本研磨处理后进行巢式PCR检测西尼罗病毒核酸,用细胞培养法对标本进行病毒分离,通过血清学与分子生物学方法鉴定新分离到的乙脑病毒,扩增分离株PrM和E基因区,使用生物学软件进行序列和系统发生分析。结果共采集蚊虫标本6231只,巢式PCR检测西尼罗病毒结果均为阴性。从标本中分离到7株病毒,经鉴定均为乙脑病毒。基因分型显示7株病毒均为基因Ⅰ型,新分离株在E基因之间的核苷酸同源性为98.5%～100%,氨基酸同源性为98.4%～100%。新分离株与P3株和SA14-14-2的E基因核苷酸同源性分别为87.7%～88.2%和87.3%～87.9%。新分离株与P3株相比存在10个共同氨基酸差异位点,但在决定毒力的关键位点不同于SA14-14-2。结论河南省南阳市2006年乙脑病毒流行株为基因Ⅰ型,毒株的毒力基因没有明显改变,所有标本均未检测到西尼罗病毒阳性。     

2008年甘肃省部分地区虫媒病毒调查

目的调查甘肃省部分地区虫媒病毒分布状况,为虫媒病毒病防治提供依据。方法2008年7-8月在甘肃省嘉峪关、张掖、酒泉、白银和平凉市采集蚊虫标本,用细胞培养法分离病毒,用血清学和分子生物学方法对病毒分离物进行鉴定;利用生物信息学技术对新分离病毒的序列进行同源性和系统发生分析。结果采集到3属280批共13839只蚊虫标本,从中分离到6株病毒,血清学和分子生物学鉴定结果显示6株病毒(GSBY0801、GSBY0804、GSBY0810、GSBY0816、GSBY0827、GSBY0861)均为基因Ⅰ型乙脑病毒。新分离株与减毒活疫苗株SA14-14-2相比,E基因核苷酸同源性为87.5%～87.9%,氨基酸同源性为96.8%～97.2%。结论甘肃省东部地区存在基因Ⅰ型乙脑病毒的流行,流行病毒株与中国四川省乙脑病毒分离株进化关系较近。     

山西和河南省部分地区人群流行性乙型脑炎病毒中和抗体水平调查

目的调查山西和河南省部分地区健康人群血清中流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)病毒中和抗体水平。方法对采集的血清标本按1:10,1:20,1:40,1:80四个稀释度稀释后进行乙脑病毒中和试验,结果判定采用细胞病变观察方法并结合ELISA测定结果进行综合判定。结果调查结果显示,所测标本中乙脑病毒中和抗体保护率以临猗县最高(87.6%),其次是栾川县(58.2%)和万荣县(51.4%)。经χ2检验,临猗县与万荣县中和抗体保护率差异有统计学意义(χ2=42.812,P=0.000),临猗县的中和抗体保护率高于万荣县,栾川县与万荣县的中和抗体保护率差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.466,P=0.226)。两个年龄组(≤40岁和40岁)中和抗体保护率比较显示,临猗县差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.057,P=0.811),万荣县差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.505,P=0.019),栾川县差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.129,P=0.145)。结论三个县健康人群乙脑病毒中和抗体保护率不同,这可能与当地乙脑的流行状况以及疫苗的接种情况有关。     

6例流行性乙型脑炎诊治分析

流行性乙型脑炎（乙脑）是由乙脑病毒引起的以急性中枢神经系统病变为主的传染病，流行于夏秋季，临床以急性发热、头痛起病，迅速出现中枢神经系统症状，重症者病死率高，存活者多有后遗症。本科于2006年6至11月对住院诊断为病毒性脑炎的22例患儿开展乙脑病毒抗体检测，其中6例确诊为流行性乙型脑炎。现将收治的6例乙脑患儿诊治分析如下。     

乌鲁木齐地区部分人群HBV感染情况调查分析

为了解乌鲁木齐地区HBV感染情况 ,2002年 6 - 1 2月 ,对 1 84 1人的两对半检查结果进行汇总并分析。 1 84 1人中 ,1 91例为HBsAg阳性 ,HBsAg携带率为 10.37% ,抗 -HBs总阳性率为 50.90 % ,HBsAg的检出率随着年龄增长而呈上升趋势 ,抗 -HBs阳性率则随着年龄增长而下降。 1 91例HBsAg(+)者HBV感染模式主要以HBsAg(+)、抗 -Hbe(+)、抗 -HBc(+)为主 ,即感染模式 (4 ) ,以HBsAg(+)、HBeAg(+)、抗 -HBc(+)即模式(3)次之。将HBsAg、HBeAg双阳模式例数与模式 (3)例数合并后 ,分析其与模式 (4 )在不同年龄组的分布 ,发现前者基本上是随着年龄增长而下降 ,后者则随着年龄增长而上升。因此 ,我们应加大对易感人群的接种力度、宣传力度 ,扩大被接种者的年龄范围 ,及时做好乙肝疫苗的加强免疫工作。     

2010-2013年中国南京地区无偿献血人群HBV、HCV、HIV感染情况分析

本研究在于了解中国南京地区无偿献血者HBV、HCV和HIV感染及分布情况,探讨本地区人群的传染病流行趋势,为献血宣传和招募工作提供指导意见.将2010.6.10-2013.6.9三年间南京地区无偿献血者199777人次的血液标本,采用ELISA法检测HBsAg、抗-HCV和抗-HIV,对三项阴性标本再采用NAT联合检测HBV-DNA、HCV-RNA和HIV-RNA,对检测结果进行统计分析,并将抗-HIV初筛反应性标本送南京市疾病预防控制中心确证.结果表明,3年中无偿献血者HBsAg、抗-HCV、抗-HIV感染率分别为0.45％,0.28％,0.11％;NAT呈反应性为0.07％;确证抗-HIV阳性32例,其中男性30例（6例为再次献血者）,女性2例;不确定3例,其中男性2例,女性1例.经统计学处理证实,初次献血者与重复献血者HBsAg、抗-HCV、抗-HIV检测不合格率差异有统计学意义.结论：2010.6.10-2013.6.9南京地区无偿献血人群中抗-HCV、抗-HIV阳性率呈逐年下降趋势,HBsAg、NAT检测不合格率随年龄段增加而增加;抗-HCV、抗-HIV检测不合格率随年龄段增加而降低,重复献血者检测不合格率远远低于初次献血者,抗-HIV检测女性酶免检测阳性率高于男性,但确认阳性率男性明显高于女性.因此应提高献血前的征询技巧,重视献血者的招募环节,重点加强初次献血者献血前的征询和评估,加强无偿献血知识的宣传,巩固和发展固定无偿献血者队伍,大力普及NAT检测技术应用于血液筛查,将有效地提高血液安全.     

West Nile virus infection in children

West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging flavivirus responsible for an increasing number of outbreaks of neuroinvasive disease in North America, Europe, and neighboring countries. Almost all WNV infections in humans are transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes. Transmission during pregnancy and through breastfeeding has been reported, but the risk seems to be very low. West Nile disease in children is less common (1–5% of all WNV cases) and associated with milder symptoms and better outcome than in elderly individuals, even though severe neuroinvasive disease and death have been reported also among children. However, the incidence of WNV infection and disease in children is probably underestimated and the disease spectrum is not fully understood because of lack of reporting and underdiagnosis in children. Infection is diagnosed by detection of WNV-specific antibodies in serum and WNV RNA in plasma and urine. Since no effective WNV-specific drugs are available, therapy is mainly supportive.     

2009年辽宁省虫媒病毒分离鉴定

目的 调查辽宁省部分地区虫媒病毒的种类.方法 2009年8月,在辽宁省鞍山市、朝阳市、葫芦岛市和锦州北镇市采集蚊虫标本.蚊虫经分组研磨后接种C6/36和BHK-21细胞,连续3代观察细胞病变情况;对细胞病变阳性的分离物,进行抗原性检测及分子生物学鉴定.结果 在辽宁省上述4个城市共采集蚊虫3600只,主要为中华按蚊(47...     

The knowns and unknowns of West Nile virus in Europe: what did we learn from the 2018 outbreak?

ABSTRACT

Introduction: West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne human and animal pathogen with nearly worldwide distribution. In Europe, the virus is endemic with seasonal regional outbreaks that have increased in frequency over the last 10 years. A massive outbreak occurred across southern and central Europe in 2018 with the number of confirmed human cases increasing up to 7.2-fold from the previous year, and expanding to include previously virus-free regions.

Areas covered: This review focuses on potential causes that may explain the 2018 European WNV outbreak. We discuss the role genetic, ecological, and environmental aspects may have played in the increased activity during the 2018 transmission season, summarizing the latest epidemiological and virological publications.

Expert opinion: Optimal environmental conditions, specifically increased temperature, were most likely responsible for the observed outbreak. Other factors cannot be ruled out due to limited available information, including factors that may influence host/vector abundance and contact. Europe will likely experience even larger-scale outbreaks in the coming years. Increased surveillance efforts should be implemented with a focus on early-warning detection methods, and large-scale host and vector surveys should continue to fill gaps in knowledge.     

Update: The diagnosis and management of dengue virus infection in North America

Dengue is a mosquito-transmitted infection that poses significant global health risks for travelers and individuals living in the tropics and subtropics. The reported global incidence has increased dramatically in the past century, with dengue now ranking as the most common cause of febrile illness in travelers. While sporadic cases have been reported within the southern United States since 1980, autochthonous outbreaks have now been described in Hawaii, St. Croix (US Virgin Islands), along the Texas-Mexico border, and, most recently, in Key West, Florida. Although many infections are mild or asymptomatic, 5-10% of patients may experience hemorrhagic disease, with shock and even death. Laboratory identification commonly involves serologic and nucleic acid amplification methods. Due to rising incidence worldwide, physicians should be familiar with the clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis, and management of this illness.     

肾综合征出血热患者血清C反应蛋白测定的临床意义

目的：探讨 C 反应蛋白(CRP)在肾综合征出血热(HFRS)的诊断意义。方法收集96例各病期 HFRS 患者血清,以30例发热待查患者(发热待查组)及30例体检健康者(健康对照组)为对照,测定血清 CRP、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酐(Cr)水平。结果各病期 HFRS 患者 CRP 水平均低于发热待查组,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05);CRP 在 HFRS 患者各病期的变化趋势与 AST、CK、LDH、Cr 基本一致。结论CRP 对鉴别HFRS 与普通发热待查有重要临床意义。     

云南省大理州发热患者血液中检测斑点热群立克次体

目的 调查云南省大理州不明原因发热患者是否存在斑点热。 方法 用巢式-聚合酶链反应法扩增患者血液中的立克次体属groEL基因,并进行核酸序列鉴定和分析。 结果 20例患者血液中检出1例立克次体核酸阳性(检出率5%),其序列分析与GenBank中Rickcttsia rickcttsii Iowa、Rickcttsia peacockii Rustic、Rickcttsia sibirica 等斑点热群立克次体株的同源性最高(为99%)。 结论 首次证实云南大理地区存在斑点热患者, 医疗部门应加强对斑点热的诊断与鉴别。