单剂量与多剂量口服复方奥美沙坦酯片的药动学研究

目的:研究健康受试者口服复方奥美沙坦酯片后的药动学。方法:采用高效液相色谱法测定单剂量与多剂量口服复方奥美沙坦酯片后氢氯噻嗪与奥美沙坦的血药浓度,并利用DAS药动学软件计算药动学参数。结果:单剂量给药后氢氯噻嗪与奥美沙坦的主要药动学参数分别为:t1/2(9.7±3.4)、(6.3±2.0)h,Cmax(69.7±19.8)、(635.1±237.7)μg.L-1,AUC0～48(737.8±110.6)、(4 438.4±1 058.1)μg.h.L-1,AUC0～∞(760.4±128.2)、(4 467.0±1 115.6)μg.h.L-1;多剂量给药后氢氯噻嗪与奥美沙坦的主要药动学参数分别为:t1/2(11.4±2.8)、(5.8±2.0)h,Cmax(82.3±26.4)、(694.3±251.2)μg.L-1,AUC0～48(753.2±147.4)、(4 701.3±1 196.6)μg.h.L-1,AUC0～∞(789.3±172.2)、(4 735.0±1 235.1)μg.h.L-1。结论:复方奥美沙坦酯片2组分在健康受试者体内的吸收速率和消除速度不随连续给药变化,连续给药后药物在体内蓄积不明显。     

健康受试者口服复方替米沙坦片后氢氯噻嗪的药物动力学

目的:建立口服复方替米沙坦片后氢氯噻嗪血药浓度的液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS/MS)测定法,进行人体药动学研究.方法:20例健康受试者随机分成两组,分别口服低剂量(1片)和高剂量(2片)受试制剂复方替米沙坦片(每片含替米沙坦40mg,氢氯噻嗪12.5 mg),应用LC-MS/MS法测定样品中氢氯噻嗪的血药浓度.结果:口服低剂量和高剂量受试制剂(分别含氢氯噻嗪12.5 mg和25 mg)后,估算的氢氯噻嗪的药动学参数Cmax分别为(78±15)μg·L-1,(150±50)μg·L-1;tmax分别为(1.9±0.7)h,(2.4±0.9)h;AUC0-t分别为(591±163)μg·h·L-1,(1026±306)μg·h·L-1;AUC0-∞分另q为(601±157)μg·h·L-1,(1039±303)μg·h·L-1;t1/2分别为(7.1±1.5)h,(9.3±2.9)h;CLz/F分别为(22.1±5.6)L·h-1,(25.8±6.6)L·h-1;Vz/F分别为(226±77)L,(341±130)L;MRT分别为(8.4±1.3)h,(8.7±1.9)h.结论:本方法结果准确,灵敏度高,氢氯噻嗪进入人体分布后,其主要药动学参数与文献报道单方氢氯噻嗪数据一致.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定人血浆中氯沙坦、5-羧酸氯沙坦和氢氯噻嗪的浓度及药动学

目的建立人血浆中氯沙坦钾及其活性代谢物5-羧酸氯沙坦(EXP-3174)和氢氯噻嗪浓度的液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)测定法,研究氯沙坦钾氢氯噻嗪片在健康人体内的药动学。方法 24名男性健康受试者单剂量空腹口服氯沙坦钾氢氯噻嗪片后48 h内间隔采集肘静脉血,分离血浆测定氯沙坦钾,EXP-3174和氢氯噻嗪血药浓度,采用DAS2.0软件计算药动学参数。结果氯沙坦钾、EXP-3174和氢氯噻嗪的主要药动学参数ρmax分别为(276±127)、(463±135)和(63.8±19.2)μg·L-1;tmax分别为(1.43±1.06)、(3.67±1.32)和(2.40±0.79)h;t1/2分别为(1.53±0.44)、(4.72±1.27)和(5.77±1.52)h;AUC0-48分别为(505±120)、(3 305±646)和(415±103)μg·h·L-1。结论建立的LC-MS/MS测定法专属准确、灵敏度高,可用于氯沙坦钾氢氯噻嗪片血药浓度分析及药动学研究。     

复方奥美沙坦酯片的人体药动学研究

目的研究健康受试者口服复方奥美沙坦酯片的药物动力学特征。方法30名健康受试者随机分成3组,分别空腹服用复方奥美沙坦酯片1片、2片与3片,定时取血,采用高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中氢氯噻嗪与奥美沙坦浓度并利用DAS药动学软件计算药动学参数。结果氢氯噻嗪低中高剂量给药后的主要药动学参数分别是：t1/2为（9．68±3．37）h、（10．11±4．96）h、（11．02±4．77）h,Cmax为（69．7±19．8）μg·L^-1、（158．5±62-4）μg·L^-1、（209．4±85．7）μg·L^-1,AUC0→ι为（737．8±110．6）μg·L^-1．h、（1397．2±252．0）μg·L^-1．h、（2200．3±517．6）μg·L^-1．h;奥美沙坦低中高剂量给药后的主要药动学参数分别是：t1/2为（6．25±1．98）h、（7．99±2．43）h、（7．03±2．86）h,Cmax为（635．1±237．7）μg·L^-1、（1336．8±452．0）μg·L^-1、（1774．7±792．2）μg·L^-1,AUC0→ι为（4438．4±1058．1）μg·L^-1．h、（8239．6±1909．7）μg·L^-1．h、（13150．3±3627．5）μg·L^-1．h。结论复方奥美沙坦酯片2组分在健康受试者体内为线性动力学过程。     

人血浆中氢氯噻嗪的LC-MS／MS测定及药动学

建立了LC-MS/MS法测定人血浆中的氧氯噻嗪,并研究了20名健康受试者口服坎地沙坦酯氢氯噻嗪片后的药动学.血浆中氢氯噻嗪在1～200ng/ml浓度范围内线性关系良好.单剂量口服12.5、25mg坎地沙坦酯氯氯噻嗪片后,氢氯噻嗪的主要动力学参数分别为:cmax(74.14±15.04)、(125.57±23.47)ng/ml,tmax(1.85±0.53)、(2.20±0.59)h,t1/2β(11.57±2.39)、(10.93±1.71)h,AUC0→48h(470.0±90.7)、(794.75±182.6)h·ng·ml-1;稳态时药动学参数分别为:tmax(1.835±0.25)h,cssmax(80.21±17.98)ng/ml,cssmin(3.72±1.79)ng/ml,Cav(19.37±3.20)ng/ml,AUC0→48h(484.90±76.89)h·n·ml-1.     

磷酸二甲啡烷片在中国健康志愿者中的药物代谢动力学研究

目的研究磷酸二甲啡烷片在中国健康志愿者中单次和连续多次给药药动学特征。方法 12例受试者随机开放3×3拉丁方试验设计,研究单次给药和连续多次给药药动学特征。采用HPLC-MS/MS法测定血浆中二甲啡烷的药物浓度。药动学参数采用WinNonLin软件计算。结果单次口服(10、20、40 mg)磷酸二甲啡烷片后,二甲啡烷主要药动学参数:Cmax为(1.08±0.84)、(2.16±1.64)、(4.34±2.92)μg·L-1,tmax为(2.6±1.2)、(2.8±0.9)、(2.3±0.7)h,AUClast为(13.05±12.39)、(27.02±24.86)、(54.19±46.19)μg·h·L-1,AUCinf为(14.21±13.37)、(29.32±27.15)、(58.41±51.57)μg·h·L-1,t1/2为(9.23±3.56)、(10.94±2.73)、(11.21±2.51)h。多次给药20 mg后二甲啡烷主要药动学参数:Cmax为(5.22±4.28)μg·L-1,tmax为(2.5±1.3)h,AUClast为(75.82±74.39)μg·h·L-1,AUCinf为(82.37±82.21)μg·h·L-1,t1/2为(12.02±2.47)h。结论单次给药二甲啡烷的体内过程符合一级线性动力学过程;多次给药二甲啡烷的蓄积因子接近3,符合线性累加。     

盐酸安非他酮缓释片人体生物等效性

目的:进行受试制剂盐酸安非他酮缓释片与市售参比制剂盐酸安非他酮缓释片的人体生物等效性研究。方法:20例健康男性志愿者采用自身交叉给药方案,分别口服单次给予和连续多次(18例)给予2种盐酸安非他酮缓释制剂,采用HPLC-MS/MS法测定其血药浓度,计算药动学参数,并判定2种制剂的生物等效性。结果:口服单次给予受试制剂和参比制剂安非他酮缓释片的主要药动学参数为Cmax分别为(174.0±55.5),(175.1±56.2)μg.L-1,tmax分别为(2.0±0.5),(2.0±0.6)h,t1/2分别为(11.1±5.0),(11.8±8.2)h,AUC0-72分别为(952.9±423.4),(901.6±372.5)μg.h.L-1,AUC0-∞分别为(968.2±441.0),(918.8±375.8)μg.h.L-1;以AUC0-72计,单次口服受试制剂的相对生物利用度为(106.0±24.3)%。口服连续多次给予的主要药动学参数为Cmax分别为(149.1±45.1),(149.2±38.4)μg.L-1,tmax分别为(2.1±0.9),(1.8±0.3)h,t1/2分别为(12.7±4.6),(1...     

健康人单次口服不同剂量依地普仑片的药动学

目的研究中国健康志愿者单次口服不同剂量依地普仑草酸盐片的体内药动学特点.方法32例受试者单次空腹口服依地普仑草酸盐片,剂量分别为10(n=10),20(n=12),30mg(n=10).用HPLC荧光检测法测定血浆中的依地普仑浓度,用DAS统计软件进行数据处理,计算药动学参数.结果草酸依地普仑片药动学特点符合二房室模型,为线性药动学特点,单次口服依地普仑10,20和30mg的主要药动学参数是Cmax分别为(20.91±4.94),(40.28±10.13)和(57.66±10.51)μg·L-1;Tmax分别为(3.80±1.23),(4.18±0.98)和(4.00±1.49)h;t1/2分别为(34.08±26.58),(36.02±23.68)和(36.95±11.58)h;AUC0～1,分别为(846.8±466.7),(1437.5±535.5)和(2277.5±506.5)μg·h·L-1,AUC0～∞分别为(975.7±622.4),(1587.1±731.2)和(2496.6±707.4)μg·h·L-1.药动学参数的个体间差异较大,CV%最大值为77.99%.女性受试者和男性受试者的血浆清除率(CL/F)及单位剂量的AUC0～1和AUC0～∞值相似.结论中国健康受试者单次口服不同剂量草酸依地普仑的药动学参数具有线性药动学特点.     

复方缬沙坦片在健康人体的药代动力学和生物等效性

目的研究国产复方缬沙坦片和胶囊在健康人体的药代动力学及其生物等效性。方法20名男性健康志愿者单次口服复方缬沙坦片和胶囊160mg/25mg,用反相高效液相色谱-荧光及紫外检测法测定血浆中缬沙坦、氢氯噻嗪浓度,据血药浓度—时间数据进行有关参数计算。结果受试与参比制剂的药代动力学参数如下。缬沙坦tmax分别为(3.1±0.7)和(3.0±0.7)h,Cmax分别为(4932.82±1557.19)和(4975.94±1472.51)mg·L-1,AUC0-t分别为(30.54±10.73),(29.54±10.68)mg·h·L-1;氢氯噻嗪tmax分别为(2.2±0.9)和(2.2±0.6)h,Cmax分别为(196.04±13.95)和(185.77±16.35)μg·L-1,AUC0-t分别为(1.29±0.23)和(1.34±0.28)mg·h·L-1。复方缬沙坦片中缬沙坦、氢氯噻嗪相对生物利用度分别为(104.8±13.0)%,(98.3±14.7)%。结论2制剂生物等效。     

HPLC-MS/MS法检测人血浆中氯沙坦、E-3174、氢氯噻嗪浓度及生物等效性评价

目的建立HPLC-MS/MS法检测氢氯噻嗪、氯沙坦及其活性代谢物E-3174的浓度,评价2种氯沙坦钾氢氯噻嗪片在人体内的生物等效性。方法 36名健康男性受试者,采用随机、开放、单一、两制剂、两周期、交叉试验设计,HPLC-MS/MS检测血浆中氯沙坦、E-3174及氢氯噻嗪浓度。结果受试者口服参比和受试制剂后氯沙坦、E-3174、氢氯噻嗪主要药动学参数:Cmax分别为(211.3±133.8)、(191.0±103.1)μg·L-1,(453.4±149.6)、(441.4±157.1)μg·L-1,(92.1±27.4)、(88.6±21.3)μg·L-1,tmax分别为(1.2±0.8)、(1.0±0.6)h,(3.4±1.2)、(3.3±0.7)h,(2.4±0.9)、(2.2±0.9)h,AUClast分别为(322.6±104.9)、(332.6±108.1)μg·h·L-1,(3 220±817)、(3 220±879)μg·h·L-1,(585.5±134.9)、(608.1±206.3)μg·h·L-1;对参比制剂相对生物利用度分别为(104.5±18.7)%、(100.4±12.6)%、(106.5±31.9)%。结论建立的方法简便、快速、灵敏,可用于氯沙坦钾氢氯噻嗪片的生物等效性评价,受试制剂和参比制剂具有生物等效性。     

十一酸睾酮自微乳化制剂的处方研究

目的制备十一酸睾酮（TU）自微乳化制剂。方法通过伪三元相图绘制和自乳化效率的评价筛选TU自微乳化制剂处方,用HPLC测定药物的含量,考察制剂经高温和光照的影响因素试验后的质量。结果以辛癸酸甘油酯为油相、Cremophor EL／Tween85（1：4）为混合乳化剂、油相与乳化剂重量比1：1作为TU自乳化制剂介质的处方,在不同介质能迅速形成自微乳液。经高温10d放置,TU自乳化制剂的质量未发生变化,光照10d后药物含量略有下降。结论制备了不舍助乳化剂的TU自微乳化制剂,适合于进一步制成软胶囊。     

奥美沙坦酯片在健康人体内的药动学

目的：研究奥美沙坦酯片在健康人体内的药动学。方法：10名健康男性志愿者单剂量口服20 mg奥美沙坦酯片,采用HPLC荧光检测法测定血浆中奥美沙坦浓度,并计算药动学参数。结果：健康志愿者单剂量口服奥美沙坦酯片后的主要药动学参数为：cmax（526.88±75.74）ng/mL,tmax（2.05±0.37）h,t1/2（12.68±2.37）h,MRT（13.86±3.51）h,Cl/F（4.66±0.67）L/h,AUC0-48（3 990.43±679.47）ng.h.mL^-1,AUC0-∞（4 367.95±602.53）ng.h.mL^-1。结论：健康志愿者口服奥美沙坦酯片后吸收迅速,主要药动学参数与国内外文献报道值基本一致。     

HPLC测定奥美沙坦酯氢氯噻嗪片含量和有关物质

目的:建立高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定奥美沙坦酯氢氯噻嗪片含量和有关物质的测定方法。方法:采用HPLC,色谱柱:C1(84.6mm×250mm,Kromasil);流动相A:0.02mol/L磷酸二氢钠溶液(用磷酸调节pH至3.0),流动相B:甲醇-乙腈(100∶900),梯度洗脱。结果:奥美沙坦酯和氢氯噻嗪均能与其他杂质较好分离;奥美沙坦酯浓度在0.002026~0.04052mg/mL(r=0.999)范围内线性良好,氢氯噻嗪在0.001265~0.02530mg/mL范围内线性良好(r=1.000)。结论:本方法灵敏、准确,可作为奥美沙坦酯氢氯噻嗪片含量和有关物质的测定方法。     

Blood pressure reduction with olmesartan in mild-to-moderate essential hypertension: a planned interim analysis of an open label sub-study in German patients

OBJECTIVE: To present the baseline characteristics and open-label treatment phase results for German patients in OLMEBEST, a European, multinational, partially randomized, partially double-blind study in patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: After a 2-week placebo run-in, patients received olmesartan 20 mg for 8 weeks. Controlled patients (mean sitting diastolic blood pressure [sDBP] < 90 mmHg) continued on olmesartan 20 mg/day for a further 4 weeks. Non-controlled patients (sDBP > 90 mmHg) were randomized to olmesartan 40 mg/day or olmesartan 20 mg/day plus 12.5 mg hydrochlorothiazide for 4 weeks. Of 823 patients included, 558 continued olmesartan 20 mg treatment and 228 patients were randomized to olmesartan 40 mg/day or combination therapy. Efficacy variables included the change from baseline in mean sitting DBP and systolic blood pressure [sSBP] at Week 8 (and Week 12 for controlled patients), and the proportion of controlled patients and responders (mean sDBP < 90 mmHg or improvement of > 10 mmHg from baseline at Week 8). RESULTS: After 8 weeks of olmesartan medoxomil 20 mg, mean reduction from baseline in sDBP was 11.8 mmHg and in sSBP was 17.1 mmHg. In controlled patients continuing open-label olmesartan medoxomil 20 mg, mean reduction from baseline at 12 weeks in sDBP was 14.9 mmHg and in sSBP was 20.1 mmHg. At Week 8, the response rate was 76% and the control rate was 70%. Olmesartan medoxomil 20 mg/day was well tolerated; 30.9% of patients experienced an adverse event, and the majority of these events were judged by the investigators to be mild. CONCLUSION: Olmesartan medoxomil monotherapy at the recommended dosage of 20 mg once daily is effective and well tolerated in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension.     

奥美沙坦酯氢氯噻嗪片的制备及其溶出度研究

目的 制备奥美沙坦酯氢氯噻嗪片并对其溶出度进行考察.方法 采用分别制粒混合压片工艺制备奥美沙坦酯氢氯噻嗪片,采用高效液相色谱法测定其溶出度,并通过加速试验考察该产品的溶出度.结果 样品质量稳定,高效液相色谱法测定该片奥美沙坦酯和氢氯噻嗪溶出度分别为99.3％和99.8％.结论 该处方工艺合理,所得产品溶出度较好.     

Efficacy and Safety of Olmesartan Medoxomil and Hydrochlorothiazide Compared with Benazepril and Amlodipine Besylate

BACKGROUND: Most patients with stage 2 hypertension require two or more antihypertensive agents in order to achieve the BP goals recommended in current treatment guidelines. Accordingly, combinations of two drugs with different mechanisms of antihypertensive action are widely used. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this randomized, double-blind, multicenter 12-week study was to compare the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of a combination of olmesartan medoxomil/hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) with that of benazepril plus amlodipine besylate in patients with stage 2 hypertension. METHODS: Patients were eligible for randomization following a 3- to 4-week placebo run-in period if they had either (i) mean seated DBP>or=90 mm Hg but<115 mm Hg and mean seated SBP>or=160 mm Hg but <200 mm Hg, or (ii) mean seated DBP>or=100 mm Hg but<115 mm Hg. The difference in mean seated SBP measured on two separate visits during the run-in period was required to beor=95 mm Hg and<115 mm Hg or SBP>145 mm Hg and相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics of amlodipine and olmesartan after administration of amlodipine besylate and olmesartan medoxomil in separate dosage forms and as a fixed-dose combination

The pharmacokinetics of amlodipine and olmesartan in healthy volunteers after coadministration of amlodipine besylate and olmesartan medoxomil concomitantly as separate dosage forms and together in a fixed-dose combination tablet were characterized in 5 phase I, randomized, crossover studies. The mean steady-state pharmacokinetics of amlodipine and olmesartan were similar when olmesartan medoxomil 40 mg/day and amlodipine 10 mg/day were administered separately or concomitantly for 10 days. The total and maximum exposure to amlodipine and olmesartan after administration of fixed-dose combination amlodipine/olmesartan medoxomil 10 mg/40 mg was bioequivalent to amlodipine 10 mg plus olmesartan medoxomil 40 mg. The ratio of least squares mean and 90% confidence intervals for the area under the drug concentration-time curve from time zero to time t, from time zero to infinity, and the maximum observed plasma drug concentration of amlodipine and olmesartan fell within the prespecified range for bioequivalence (80.0% - 125.0%). The area under the drug concentration-time curve from time zero to time t, from time zero to infinity, and the maximum observed plasma drug concentration of both drugs also met the prespecified criterion for bioequivalence when the fixed-dose combination tablet was taken 30 minutes after a high-fat breakfast. Total exposure to amlodipine and olmesartan was dose-proportional after administration of olmesartan medoxomil 10 mg to 40 mg in the fixed-dose combination formulation with amlodipine 5 mg to 10 mg. From a pharmacokinetic perspective, the 2 drugs are well suited to coadministration in a fixed-dose combination.     

Blood pressure reduction with olmesartan in mild-to-moderate essential hypertension:a planned interim analysis of an open label sub-study in German patients

ABSTRACT

Objective: To present the baseline characteristics and open-label treatment phase results for German patients in OLMEBEST, a European, multinational, partially randomized, partially double-blind study in patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension.

Research design and methods: After a 2‐week placebo run-in, patients received olmesartan 20?mg for 8 weeks. Controlled patients (mean sitting diastolic blood pressure [sDBP] < 90?mmHg) continued on olmesartan 20?mg/day for a further 4 weeks. Non-controlled patients (sDBP > 90?mmHg) were randomized to olmesartan 40?mg/day or olmesartan 20?mg/day plus 12.5?mg hydrochlorothiazide for 4 weeks. Of 823 patients included, 558 continued olmesartan 20?mg treatment and 228 patients were randomized to olmesartan 40?mg/day or combination therapy. Efficacy variables included the change from baseline in mean sitting DBP and systolic blood pressure [sSBP] at Week 8 (and Week 12 for controlled patients), and the proportion of controlled patients and responders (mean sDBP < 90?mmHg or improvement of > 10?mmHg from baseline at Week 8).

Results: After 8 weeks of olmesartan medoxomil 20?mg, mean reduction from baseline in sDBP was 11.8?mmHg and in sSBP was 17.1?mmHg. In controlled patients continuing open-label olmesartan medoxomil 20?mg, mean reduction from baseline at 12 weeks in sDBP was 14.9?mmHg and in sSBP was 20.1?mmHg. At Week 8, the response rate was 76% and the control rate was 70%. Olmesartan medoxomil 20?mg/day was well tolerated; 30.9% of patients experienced an adverse event, and the majority of these events were judged by the investigators to be mild.

Conclusion: Olmesartan medoxomil monotherapy at the recommended dosage of 20?mg once daily is effective and well tolerated in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension.     

单次及多次口服奥美沙坦酯在中国健康受试者体内药代动力学研究

目的：分析中国健康受试者单剂量或多次口服奥美沙坦酯后体内药代动力学的特征。方法单剂量实验：12名筛选合格的受试者,采用开放、随机、单剂量、三周期、3＆#215;3拉丁方设计方法将试验分为3组,每组4名,每周期分别服用相对应剂量的药物,且每周期服药前经过7 d的洗脱期。多次给药试验：12名健康受试者每天服用20 mg奥美沙坦酯,连续4 d。采集服药前0 h及服药后48 h内的血样,分析体内药物各PK参数。结果单剂量服用奥美沙坦（20、40、80 mg）后体内血浆最大浓度（Cmax）分别为（1016±349）、（1503±266）、（2516±1196） ng/ml;消除半衰期（t1/2）为（5.2±1.2）、（5.6±1.6）、（6.2±0.9）h;多次服用奥美沙坦20 mg后Cmax和t1/2分别为（894±301）ng/ml、（6.4±1.2） h,单次给药和多次给药间t1/2差异无统计学意义。单剂量试验中,当服药剂量在20∽80 mg范围,AUC0-肄、AUC0-48、Cmax等PK参数与药物剂量呈线性关系。结论奥美沙坦酯20 mg,1 d/次的给药方案在体内不会造成蓄积作用。