白念珠菌阴道炎鼠模型构建的研究

目的:不同条件下构建小鼠白念珠菌性阴道炎模型,为白念珠菌性阴道炎发病机制和防治研究提供平台。方法:(1)用同龄小鼠建立雌激素化,免疫抑制和正常对照鼠模型,观察不同时间点各模型小鼠阴道灌洗液真菌载量及阴道组织病理学变化。(2)再对雌激素化组中已自愈的小鼠进行再感染,观察再感染小鼠与初次感染同龄小鼠的真菌载量及阴道组织病理学的变化。结果:雌激素化组、免疫抑制组小鼠自第2天起阴道灌洗液真菌载量水平较高并持续至观察期末,与正常对照组比较前者P<0.05,后者P<0.01,而且从第4天起免疫抑制组明显高于雌激素化组(P<0.05);初发、复发组均高于正常对照组(P<0.05),初发与复发组之间差异无显著性(P>0.05)。阴道组织病理显示雌激素化、免疫抑制及复发感染小鼠在接种后第2天开始至21天,阴道黏膜可见芽生孢子或菌丝侵入,伴有较多的炎性细胞浸润。结论:几种条件下白念珠菌性阴道炎鼠模型构建是成功的,为念珠菌性阴道炎发病机制及防治的研究提供了较理想的平台。     

细胞因子与白念珠菌感染

白介素、γ干扰素、α肿瘤坏死因子、集落刺激因子、β转化生长因子在白念珠菌感染过程中的变化和作用,以及影响上述因子分泌的菌体成分和其他因素,有助于进一步阐明宿主抗白念珠菌免疫反应机制以及临床上应用细胞因子的治疗前景。     

白念珠菌系统性感染中白念珠菌相关抗原检测的意义

甘露聚糖和甘露糖蛋白、葡聚糖、烯醇化酶、磷脂酶和蛋白酶等是白念珠菌胞壁或细胞内的成分。文中就其生物学特性及其作为在感染宿主过程中的特征性标志物在诊断系统性白念珠菌感染中的方法、价值和意义等方面加以综述。     

小鼠口腔黏膜白念珠菌感染模型局部ToII样受体2和4 mRNA表达的研究

目的：研究小鼠口腔黏膜白念珠菌感染后局部组织Toll样受体(TLR)2、4mRNA表达的变化规律,探讨其在口腔黏膜抗白念珠菌感染早期免疫中的作用。方法：采用局部接种的方法建立小鼠口腔黏膜白念珠菌感染模型。在不同时间取口腔组织．用半定量逆转录(RT)-PCR检测口腔组织TLR2、TLR4 mRNA表达水平。结果：接种前口腔组织内有微量的TLR2、TLR4 mRNA表达．接种后6h组织中TLR2、TLR4 mRNA表达开始增加,12～24h表达水平达峰值。TLR4 mRNA表达于24～48h开始下降．72h趋于接种前水平,而TLR2 mRNA表达则持续增加至72h。结论：白念珠菌感染可迅速上调局部组织TLR2、TLR4的基因表达,TLR2、TLR4在口腔黏膜抗白念珠菌感染早期免疫中可能起重要作用。     

抗白念珠菌感染特异性免疫实验研究

目的　了解细胞免疫和体液免疫在机体抗白念珠菌感染中的作用。方法　分别观察过继免疫T淋巴细胞、抗体和吞噬细胞的免疫功能低下小鼠抵抗腹腔白念珠菌感染情况。结果　过继上述 3种免疫成分的小鼠的腹腔、脾脏和肾脏的白念珠菌菌落数均少于没有过继免疫的小鼠 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;过继免疫T淋巴细胞组的小鼠腹腔菌落数少于免疫抗体小鼠 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;过继免疫抗体 +吞噬细胞组的小鼠肾脏白念珠菌菌落数明显少于单纯过继免疫吞噬细胞组的小鼠 ,差异有显著性 (P =0 .0 3 7)。结论　细胞免疫、体液免疫都参与机体抗白念珠菌免疫反应 ;在抗白念珠菌局部感染中细胞免疫占主导地位 ;体液免疫参与阻止白念珠菌血液播散。     

系统性红斑狼疮患者口腔念珠菌感染的调查研究

随着糖皮质激素及广谱抗生素的广泛应用,系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者的生存期延长,但继发真菌感染的概率也增加。为了解SLE患者口腔念珠菌感染的现状．笔者于1999年7月-2003年10月对160例新人院的SLE患者进行了口腔念珠菌检查,现将结果报告如下。     

以口腔念珠菌感染为首发表现的艾滋病1例

患者男，43岁。因口腔黏膜出现门色附着物伴味觉减退2个月，于2006年4月10日来我院就诊。患者2个月前舌部、颊黏膜出现白色膜状物，同时伴有味觉减退，未进行任何治疗。病程中无发热、消瘦及其他不适。既往体健，1年前有非婚性生活史，否认有输血及吸毒史。体格检查：各系统检查未见异常。皮肤科检查：舌尖、舌体、颊黏膜表面覆有弥漫性白色膜状物（图1）。实验室检查：[第一段]     

白念珠菌感染毛发的体外试验研究

用经黄的毛发穿孔试验方法和改良的各种液体培基，对不同年龄组人的毛发进行了白含珠菌的体外感染试验，扫描电镜结果表明：白含珠菌在接种后１２－２０周左右能将毛发感染，破坏现象在改良的猪血清米粉浸出液培养基上最明显，且年龄越小的人毛发越易被破坏。     

季也蒙念珠菌所致口腔念珠菌病1例

患者男性,３４岁,舌部、口腔内颊部粘膜白膜,每遇夏季增多增厚,天气转冷白膜减少变薄,反复发作５年。发作时张口困难,感觉疼痛。真菌学检查鉴定为季也蒙念珠菌。给予伊曲康唑２００ｍｇ／ｄ共７ｄ为１个疗程,连用３个疗程治愈。     

Probiotics for oral and vulvovaginal candidiasis: A review

Dermatologists commonly prescribe medications such as antibiotics and corticosteroids that can increase the risk for candidiasis. Though conventional antifungals are often effective against candidiasis, they are not without side effects and species of Candida are gaining resistance. Probiotics help treat conditions such as post‐antibiotic diarrhea and infectious diarrhea, and thus have the potential to help with Candida infections, as well. For this reason, we provide an overview of therapies prescribed in dermatology that may increase the risk for candidiasis, and we review the literature on whether probiotics are useful in the treatment and prevention of oral and vulvovaginal candidiasis to help dermatologists treating the condition be better informed about their supplemental use with conventional antifungals.     

Oral candidiasis and angular cheilitis

Candidiasis, an often encountered oral disease, has been increasing in frequency. Most commonly caused by the overgrowth of Candida albicans, oral candidiasis can be divided into several categories including acute and chronic forms, and angular cheilitis. Risk factors for the development of oral candidiasis include immunosuppression, wearing of dentures, pharmacotherapeutics, smoking, infancy and old age, endocrine dysfunction, and decreased salivation. Oral candidiasis may be asymptomatic. More frequently, however, it is physically uncomfortable, and the patient may complain of burning mouth, dysgeusia, dysphagia, anorexia, and weight loss, leading to nutritional deficiency and impaired quality of life. A plethora of antifungal treatments are available. The overall prognosis of oral candidiasis is good, and rarely is the condition life threatening with invasive or recalcitrant disease.     

白介素-27在小鼠白念珠菌性阴道炎局部的表达及其意义

目的：了解小鼠白念珠菌性阴道炎阴道局部白介素-27（IL-27）的水平变化特点和在感染中的作用以及与小鼠机体免疫状况的关系。方法：建立免疫系统正常（A组）与免疫抑制雌激素化（B组）感染小鼠模型，另设未雌激素化免疫系统正常感染对照组（c组），用逆转录聚合酶链检测鼠模型阴道组织中IL-27p28mRNA水平的变化。结果：A组在感染后第4、第7和第14dIL-27p28mRNA的表达高于C组，差异有显著性（P〈0．01）；B组在感染后第7dIL-27p28mRNA的表达高于C组，差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。A组在第4和第14dIL-27p28mRNA的表达水平较B组高（P〈0．01）。A组和B组在感染的第2和第4dCFU与局部IL-27p28mRNA水平成负相关（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。结论：阴道局部IL-27可能参与实验性小鼠白念珠菌阴道感染的发病，并起到一定的保护作用。免疫抑制状态下白念珠菌易感性的增加可能与IL-27局部组织含量减少有一定关系。     

A practical guide for the study of human and murine sebaceous glands in situ

The skin of most mammals is characterised by the presence of sebaceous glands (SGs), whose predominant constituent cell population is sebocytes, that is, lipid‐producing epithelial cells, which develop from the hair follicle. Besides holocrine sebum production (which contributes 90% of skin surface lipids), multiple additional SG functions have emerged. These range from antimicrobial peptide production and immunomodulation, via lipid and hormone synthesis/metabolism, to the provision of an epithelial progenitor cell reservoir. Therefore, in addition to its involvement in common skin diseases (e.g. acne vulgaris), the unfolding diversity of SG functions, both in skin health and disease, has raised interest in this integral component of the pilosebaceous unit. This practical guide provides an introduction to SG biology and to relevant SG histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques, with emphasis placed on in situ evaluation methods that can be easily employed. We propose a range of simple, established markers, which are particularly instructive when addressing specific SG research questions in the two most commonly investigated species in SG research, humans and mice. To facilitate the development of reproducible analysis techniques for the in situ evaluation of SGs, this methods review concludes by suggesting quantitative (immuno‐)histomorphometric methods for standardised SG evaluation.