Role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation

Background  Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a pleiotropic proinflammatory cytokine and contributes to many kinds of cardiovascular diseases via its receptors (TNFR1/TNFR2). We hypothesize that TNF-α plays a role in the pathogenesis of chronic atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods  Sixty-seven consecutive patients who were scheduled to have cardiac surgery were enrolled into the study. Thirty-one patients with rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and AF were enrolled as study group (AF group). The sinus rhythm (SR) control groups consisted of 20 patients with RHD and 16 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Peripheral blood sample was collected before the operation. About 5 mm3 left atrial tissue was disserted during the operation and was separated into three parts for Western blotting, real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis.

Results  Compared with the controls (RHD SR and CAD SR), the levels of TNF-α ((14.40±5.45) pg/ml vs. (4.20±3.19) pg/ml vs. (2.68±2.20) pg/ml, P=0.000) and its soluble receptor 1 (sTNFR1) ((1623.9±558.6) pg/ml vs. (1222.3±175.6) pg/ml vs. (1387.5±362.2) pg/ml, P=0.001) in plasma were higher in patients with AF. TNF-α level had positive correlation with the left atrial diameter (LAD) (r=0.642, P=0.000). Western blotting analysis showed that the protein levels of TNF-α (0.618±0.236 vs. 0.234±0.178 vs. 0.180±0.103, P=0.000) were higher in patients with AF. The RT-PCR analysis results demonstrated that the mRNA expression of TNF-α (0.103±0.047 vs. 0.031±0.027 vs. 0.023±0.018, P=0.000) increased in patients with AF. IHC analysis displayed that, comparing to the SR, the expression of TNF-α (0.125±0.025 vs. 0.080±0.027 vs. 0.070±0.023, P=0.000) increased in the AF group. The protein level and mRNA expression of TNF-α also had positive correlation with left atrium diameter (LAD) (r=0.415, P=0.000 and r=0.499, P=0.000).

Conclusions  The results revealed that TNF-α elevated in the plasma and left atrial tissue and had positive correlation with LAD in patients of chronic AF. TNF-α might involve in the pathogenesis of chronic AF.

     

Pulmonary vein antrum isolation of pre-excited atrial fibrillation

Background Pulmonary vein antrum isolation (PVAI) of pre-excited atrial fibrillation (AF) is controversial. This study aimed to observe the therapeutic effects of PVAI on pre-excited AF.

Methods Twenty-nine patients with pre-excited AF were prospectively divided into a PVAI group (group I, 19 cases) and a control group (group II, 10 cases). To each case in group I, PVAI was performed, and then electroanatomical mapping of accessory pathways (AP) and ablation were constructed on a three-dimensional (3D) map of the valve annulus. Only AP ablation was performed in each case of group II.

Results Of the 29 cases, three were found to have dual APs, two had intermittent APs, and the remaining 24 had single APs. All APs were successfully ablated after the procedure. There were no significant statistical differences in the AP procedure duration ((77.4±21.3) minutes vs. (85.3±13.1) minutes), the AP ablation time ((204±34) seconds vs. (223±62) seconds) and the AP X-ray exposure time ((18.6±4.4) minutes vs. (19.1±4.5) minutes) respectively between groups I and II. As compared with the control group (5 of 10 cases, 50%), the PVAI group had a significantly lower AF recurrence rate (2 of 19 cases, 11%; P <0.05) during follow-up of (20.5±10.0) months. All seven patients who recurred were successfully abolished by a second ablation.

Conclusions In patients with pre-excited AF, PVAI is an effective therapeutic approach with a low AF recurrence rate. 3D electroanatomical maps of AP contributed to the high success rate of ablation without significantly prolonging of operational duration and X-ray exposure time.

     

阿托伐他汀对冠状动脉旁路移植术后心房颤动的影响

目的 探讨阿托伐他汀对冠状动脉旁路移植(CABG)术后心房颤动(房颤)的影响.方法 随机、对照、双盲、前瞻性研究.单纯行CABG术的患者140例,其中71例入选他汀组(术前1周服阿托伐他汀20 ms/d),69例入选对照组(不给予阿托伐他汀).使用心电监护仪对CABG患者进行术后持续心电监测至少7 d,记录房颤的发生及持续时间.术前及术后24 h、72 h、7 d检测高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平.结果 他汀组中有10例在术后7 d内至少发生了1次房颤,显著低于对照组(14%vs 34%,P=0.009);他汀组首次房颤持续时间明显短于对照组[(3.6±0.4)h比(5.7±0.5)h,P＜0.01].Logistic回归显示使用阿托伐他汀是降低术后房颤发生的独立影响因素(OR=0.219,95%CI0.076～0.633).他汀组术后hs-CRP均显著低于对照组[术后24 h(23±5)g/L比(32±7)g/L,P＜0.01];术后72 h[(42±8)g/L vs(68±6)g/L,P＜0.01];术后7 d[(11±3)g/L比(31±9)g/L,P＜0.01].结论 阿托伐他汀能抑制CABG术后炎症反应,降低术后房颤的发生率,缩短房颤的持续时间,对CABG术后房颤有防治作用.     

Impact of angina prior to acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction on short-term outcomes after primary percutaneous coronary intervention: results from the Shanghai Registry of Acute Coronary Syndrome (SRACE)

Background  The clinical significance of ischemic chest pain before acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains an interesting issue of investigation particularly in the era of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This study aimed to assess the impact of angina prior to STEMI on short-term clinical outcomes in patients with acute STEMI undergoing primary PCI.

Methods  Among a total of 875 consecutive patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI, 292 had episodes of angina within 24 hours of STEMI (PA group) and the remaining 583 were free of anginal symptoms (non-PA group). Clinical characteristics, angiographic and procedural features, and in-hospital and 30-day outcomes were compared between the two groups.

Results  Diabetes was less common (17.5% vs. 23.3%, P=0.04) and symptom-to-door time was shortened ((191.6±96.8) minutes vs. (357.2±341.9) minutes, P <0.001) in the PA group than in the non-PA group. Patients with angina prior to STEMI had fewer totally or nearly totally occluded infarct-related artery (TIMI flow grade 0–1) at initial angiography (75.0% vs. 90.7%, P <0.001), and achieved more TIMI flow grade 3 after primary PCI (84.2% vs. 78.2%, P=0.04). These were associated with higher rates of overall procedural success (95.9% vs. 91.8%, P=0.02) and of complete ST-segment resolution at 90 minutes after the procedure (51.7% vs. 40.3%, P=0.001). During a 30-day clinical follow-up, the left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly improved ((53.0±8.6)% vs. (51.1±9.7)%, P=0.002) and the primary endpoint of major adverse cardiac events was reduced in the PA group (7.2% vs. 12.7%, P=0.01).

Conclusion  Presence of angina prior to acute STEMI is associated with better outcome at a 30-day clinical follow-up in patients undergoing primary PCI.

     

合并阵发性房颤对高血压患者心超指标的影响及其与高血压患者房颤发生的关系

[摘要]目的 研究高血压合并阵发性房颤患者左右心房内径、室间隔厚度、左心室内径和左室射血分数的变化及与高血压患者房颤发生的关系。方法 高血压合并阵发性房颤患者41例(59.6±11.4岁)和单纯性高血压患者45例(57.1±9.2岁)。经胸心脏超声测量两组患者收缩期左房前后径（Lad）和右房上下径（Rad）、舒张期左室内径（LVIDd）和室间隔厚度（IVSd）、左室射血分数（LVEF）与有无明显的二尖瓣返流（MR）,所有房颤患者在窦性心律下做超声测量。结果 单纯性高血压患者相比,高血压合并阵发性房颤患者Lad和IVSd显著增大(Lad: 36.1±5.8 vs 31.0±3.9mm, P＜0.001; IVSd: 10.7±1.3 vs 9.9±1.5 mm, P=0.001＝,MR发生率显著增高(52.5% vs 11.1%, P＜0.001＝。两组Rad、LVIDd和LVEF均无显著差异,其中两组Rad分别为46.4±7.1 vs 44.0±4.0mm(P=0.065)。Logistic回归分析显示,Lad、IVSd和有无MR均与高血压患者房颤发生有显著性关联(OR(95%CI): Lad, 1.375(1.135-1.665); IVSd, 1.98(1.183-3.313); MR, 4.708(1.126-19.685))。结论 高血压合并阵发性房颤患者较单纯性高血压患者左心房显著扩大、室间隔显著增厚和二尖瓣返流发生率显著增高,这三者是高血压患者发生房颤的预测因素。     

Functional electrical stimulation increases neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the subventricular zone of rats with stroke

Background Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is known to promote the recovery of motor function in rats with ischemia and to upregulate the expression of growth factors which support brain neurog...     

伊布利特和胺碘酮转复心房扑动及心房颤动的临床观察

目的观察新一代Ⅲ类抗心律失常药物伊布利特和经典Ⅲ类抗心律失常药物胺碘酮转复心房颤动（房颤）和心房扑动（房扑）的成功率及安全性。方法选择40～75岁,持续时间≤90d的房颤和房扑患者38例,按入院顺序随机分为伊布利特组19例和胺碘酮组19例,伊布利特组体质量≥60kg者首剂1mg、体质量〈60kg者首剂0．01mg／kg,如无效10min后再给予1mg或0．01mg／kg;胺碘酮组首剂150mg,如无效10min后再给予150mg,观察转复率和转复时间,记录不良反应。结果伊布利特和胺碘酮组4h内转复窦律分别为78．9％和31．5％,24h内转复窦律分别为84．2％和52．6％,平均转复时间分别为（19±12）min和（48±17）min（P〈0．01）。两组均未发生致命性不良反应。结论伊布利特与胺碘酮均能终止房颤和房扑,伊布利特转复房颤、房扑的疗效高于胺碘酮,转复时间短于胺碘酮,但须在严格监控下进行。     

Effect of nifekalant on acute electrical remodelling in rapid atrial pacing canine model

Atpresent, treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) with antiarrhythmic drugs is problematic, a better understanding of the mechanisms determining antiarrhythmic drug efficacy would help in improving therapy.1 Recent evidence indicates that disease or arrhythmic induced alterations in cardiac electrophysiology (electrical remodelling) are central in arrhythmic genesis, Aparticularly for AF, which alters cardiac electrophysiology to promote its own maintenance.2,3 Pharmacological therapy to prev…     

Protective effect of low potassium dextran solution on acute kidney injury following acute lung injury induced by oleic acid in piglets

Background  Low potassium dextran (LPD) solution can attenuate acute lung injury (ALI). However, LPD solution for treating acute kidney injury secondary to ALI has not been reported. The present study was performed to examine the renoprotective effect of LPD solution in ALI induced by oleic acid (OA) in piglets.

Methods  Twelve animals that suffered an ALI induced by administration of OA into the right atrium were divided into two groups: the placebo group (n=6) pretreated with normal saline and the LPD group (n=6), pretreated with LPD solution. LPD solution was injected intravenously at a dose of 12.5 ml/kg via the auricular vein 1 hour before OA injection.

Results  All animals survived the experiments with mild histopathological injury to the kidney. There were no significant differences in mean arterial pressure (MAP), creatinin and renal damage scores between the two groups. Compared with the placebo group, the LPD group had better gas exchange parameters at most of the observation points ((347.0±12.6) mmHg vs. (284.3±11.3) mmHg at 6 hours after ALI, P <0.01). After 6 hours of treatment with OA, the plasma concentrations of NGAL and interleukin (IL)-6 in both groups increased dramatically compared to baseline ((6.0±0.6) and (2.50±0.08) folds in placebo group; and (2.5±0.5) and (1.40±0.05) folds in LPD group), but the change of both parameters in the LPD group was significantly lower (P <0.01) than in the placebo group. And 6 hours after ALI the kidney tissue concentration of IL-6 in the LPD group ((165.7 ± 22.5) pg∙ml^-1∙g^-1 protein) was significantly lower (P <0.01) than that in placebo group ((67.2± 25.3) pg∙ml^-1∙g^-1 protein).

Conclusion  These findings suggest that pretreatment with LPD solution via systemic administration might attenuate acute kidney injury and the cytokine response of IL-6 in the ALI piglet model induced by OA injection.

     

Is adjunctive balloon postdilatation necessary with drug-eluting stents? One center experience in Chinese patients

Background With the advent of drug-eluting stents （DES） and much lower rates of target vessel revascularization （TVR）, whether adjunctive balloon postdilatation can further optimize outcome is still unknown. The present study was to compare the outcomes of postdilatation with un-postdilatation following deployment of DES. Methods From April 2004 to September 2006, 6479 consecutive Chinese patients who underwent DES implantation, including 1769 with postdilatation （1454 male, （57.9 ± 10.8） years old） and 4710 without postdilatation （3819 male, （57.9 ± 10.6） years old） were analyzed. Clinical and angiographic follow-up was performed at 7 months. Results Compared with the un-postdilatation group, the postdilatation group had more complex lesions and larger relevant vessel diameter （RVD）. In the postdilatation group, in-stent residual restenosis was significantly improved right after the procedure （（16.80±5.88）% vs （19.60±6.07）%; P=0.000）. There was no statistical difference in the major adverse cardiac events （MACE） rate between the groups （2.9% vs 3.3%; P=0.420）, and there were also no statistical differences in death, acute myocardial infarction （AMI） and target lesion revascularization （TLR） rates in the two groups （0.1% vs 0.4%, P=0.127; 1.7% vs 1.3%, P=0.229; and 1.5% vs 2.0%, P=0.206, respectively）. The in-stent thrombosis rate was almost the same in both groups （0.5% vs 0.5%; P=1.000）. Seven months angiographic follow-up results showed that both in-stent and in-segment restenosis rates were lower in the postdilatation group （8.8% vs 15.6%, P=0.000; and 10.5% vs 17.3%, P=0.000）, and so were instent and in-segment late loss （（0.32±0.12） mm vs （0.49±0.13） mm, P=0.000; and （0.24±0.08） mm vs （0.36±0.09） mm, P=0.001 ）. Conclusion Postdilatation after DES deployment was safe and could reduce the restenosis rate, especially for more complex lesions.     

Expression of ghrelin and insulin-like growth factor-1 in immature piglet model of chronic cyanotic congenital heart defects with decreased pulmonary blood flow

Background  Cyanotic patients have potential growth retardation and malnutrition due to hypoxemia and other reasons. Ghrelin is a novel endogenous growth hormone secretagogue that has effects on growth and cardiovascular activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the plasma level and myocardial expression of ghrelin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) using an immature piglet model of chronic cyanotic congenital heart defects with decreased pulmonary blood flow.

Methods  Twelve weanling Chinese piglets underwent procedures of main pulmonary artery-left atrium shunt with pulmonary artery banding or sham operation as control. Four weeks later, hemodynamic parameters were measured. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for plasma ghrelin and IGF-1 level measurement were performed. Ventricular ghrelin and IGF-1 mRNA expressions were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results  Four weeks after surgical procedure, the cyanotic model produced lower arterial oxygen tension ((68.73 ± 15.09) mmHg), arterial oxygen saturation ((82.35 ± 8.63)%), and higher arterial carbon dioxide tension ((51.83 ± 6.12) mmHg), hematocrit ((42.67 ± 3.83)%) and hemoglobin concentration ((138.17 ± 16.73) g/L) than the control piglets ((194.08 ± 98.79) mmHg, (96.43 ± 7.91)%, (36.9 ± 4.73) mmHg, (31.17 ± 3.71)%, (109.83 ± 13.75) g/L) (all P <0.05). Plasma ghrelin level was significantly higher in the cyanotic model group in comparison to the control (P=0.004), and the plasma IGF-1 level was significantly lower than control (P=0.030). Compared with control animals, the expression of ghrelin mRNAs in the ventricular myocardium was significantly decreased in the cyanotic model group (P=0.000), and the expression of IGF-1 mRNAs was elevated (P=0.001).

Conclusions  Chronic cyanotic congenital heart defects model was successfully established. Plasma ghrelin level and myocardial IGF-1 mRNA expression were significantly up-regulated, while plasma IGF-1 level and myocardial ghrelin mRNA expression were down-regulated in the chronic cyanotic immature piglets. The ghrelin system may be an important part of the network regulating cardiac performance.

     

ST段抬高急性心肌梗死合并2型糖尿病患者PCI前后CTFC和TMPG的变化

目的探讨ST段抬高的急性心肌梗死(STEMI)合并2型糖尿病(DM)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)前后校正的心肌梗死溶栓治疗临床实验(TIMI)帧数(CTFC)及TIMI心肌灌注分级(TMPG)的变化以及对其预后的影响。方法回顾性分析行PCI的STEMI患者97例,其中STEMI合并DM组34例(DM组),单纯STEMI组63例(对照组),测定2组梗死相关动脉(IRA)的TIMI、CTFC和TMPG,并分析两组住院期间和PCI治疗6个月后的主要心脏不良事件(MACE)的发生率。结果与对照组比较,DM组的年龄、体重指数、既往心梗史、多支血管病变和高血压发生率均明显升高(P<0.05),肌酸激酶(CPK)显著增加(P<0.05),前降支病变明显增多(P=0.01),CTFC明显增加(P<0.001),TMPG明显减少(P=0.008),左室射血分数(LVEF)显著降低(P<0.01)。住院期间2组MACE发生率无显著差异,6个月随访期间DM组较对照组明显增加(P<0.05)。结论STEMI合并2型DM患者行PCI治疗后的心肌再灌注明显改善,但与无DM的STEMI患者相比心肌灌注减少,梗死范围大,心功能降低,远期预后差。     

急性心肌梗死患者窦性心率震荡的临床观察

目的探讨急性心肌梗死患者窦性心率震荡的变化及意义。方法选择伴室性早搏的急性心肌梗死患者(观察组)和无器质性心脏病的室性早搏患者(对照组)各30例。记录24h动态心电图,计算其震荡初始(TO)和震荡斜率(TS)。结果观察组与对照组TO值分别为(0.05±0.58)%和(-2.22±1.01)%,TS值分别为(5.89±2.65)ms/RR间期和(7.36±1.34)ms/RR间期,观察组TO明显高于对照组(P<0.001),TS明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论急性心肌梗死患者窦性心率震荡减低,窦性心率震荡可用于急性心肌梗死患者病情程度的判断。     

Mitral isthmus ablation in patients with prosthetic mitral valves

Background Previous studies have investigated the technique of linear ablation at the mitral isthmus （MI） in patients with idopathic atrial fibrillation （AF）, but MI ablation in patients with prosthetic natural mitral valves （MVs） was not described in detail. Present study sought to summarize our initial experience of ablating MI in patients with prosthetic MVs Methods Patients with drug refractory AF and prosthetic MVs were eligible for this study, and the patients with natural MVs but received MI ablation served as control group. Left atrium （LA） mapping and ablation was carried out guided by CARTO system. The anatomy of MI was assessed via computer topography scan. Results During the study period, a consecutive of 19 patients （male/female=12/7, mean age of （48±6） years） with prosthetic MVs （16 with metal valves, 3 with biologic valves） entered for AF ablation, other 35 patients served as control group. In study group, mapping along MI documented lower voltages （（2.0±1.0） vs. （3.1±1.3） mV, P=-0.002）, more fragmented potentials （19/19 vs. 20/15, P 〈0.001 ）, and higher impedance （（132±34） vs. （110±20） Ω, P=0.004）. After initial ablation, more residual gaps along the MI lesions were found in study group （2.4±0.4 vs. 1.7±0.3, P 〈0.001）. The mean length of MI （（6.2±3.3） vs. （7.1±2.3） cm, P=-0.25） was comparable between 2 groups, but the MI in study group was much thicker （（3.1±1.8） vs. （2.1±1.07） cm, P=0.01） and all were found as pouch type （19/19 vs. 2/35, P 〈0.001）. The follow-up results were comparable （65.1% vs. 72.3%, P=-0.30）. Conclusion For patients with prosthetic MVs, linear ablation at MI could be successfully carried out despite anatomical and pathological changes.     

Sirolimus-eluting cobalt alloyed stents in treating patients with coronary artery disease: six-month angiographic and one-year clinical follow-up result A prospective, historically controlled, multi-center clinical study

Background  The emergence of drug-eluting stents (DES) has dramatically reduced the incidence of in-stent restenosis. This study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of sirolimus-eluting cobalt-chrome stents (Firebird 2) for treating patients with coronary artery disease.
Methods  Sixty-seven patients with de novo or non-stented restenostic coronary lesions were chosen to receive the Firebird 2 stent as the final treatment (Firebird 2 group). Another 49 consecutive patients were implanted with bare cobalt alloyed stents (Driver, Medtronic) within the previous six months and served as historical controls (control group). Baseline clinical characteristics, angiographic features, procedural results, 30-day, 6-month and 12-month clinical follow-up regarding the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), as well as the primary endpoint of late lumen loss at 6-month angiographic follow-up were compared between the two groups.
Results  The demographic characteristics were similar between the two groups despite more patients in the Firebird 2 group who underwent previous percutaneous coronary intervention (22.4% vs 8.2%, P=0.0418) and who had diabetes mellitus (29.9% vs 12.2%, P=0.0253). In the Firebird 2 group, the mean diameter of the reference vessel was smaller ((2.79±0.46) mm vs (2.98±0.49) mm, P=0.0175) and more stents were implanted for each lesion (1.28±0.52 vs 1.10±0.30, P=0.0060). Other angiographic, procedural results and the device success rate were similar between the two groups. The MACE rate at 30-day and 3-month was the same, but significantly fewer MACE occurred in the Firebird 2 group at 6- and 12-month follow-up (1.5% vs 12.2% at 6 month, P=0.0168; 1.5% vs 26.5% at 12 month, P<0.0001). The primary endpoint of late lumen loss at 6-month angiographic follow-up was significantly reduced in the Firebird 2 group (in-stent: (0.05±0.09) mm vs (0.98±0.61) mm; in-segment: (0.05±0.18) mm vs (0.72±0.59) mm; P<0.0001) than the control group. One patient in the Firebird 2 group had in-segment restenosis (1.3%) while the rate in the control group (38.1%) was significantly higher, P<0.0001. Intravascular ultrasound examination was performed in 70.1% of patients in the Firebird 2 group and revealed that the percentage of volumetric obstruction was (1.26±1.05) %. No stent thrombosis was observed in either group at 12-month follow-up.
Conclusion  The Firebird 2 sirolimus-eluting cobalt alloyed stent is safe and feasible in treating patients with coronary artery disease.

     

A 2-way cross-over, open-labeled trial to compare efficacy and safety of insulin Aspart and Novolin R delivered with CSII in 21 Chinese diabetic patients

Background Subcutaneous absorption is accelerated by the monomeric conformation of insulin Aspart, which provides good glycemic control with a lower risk of hypoglycemia and less body weight increase. In the present study we investigated the efficacy and safety of a rapid-acting human insulin analogue （insulin Aspart） delivered with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion （CSII） into Chinese diabetic patients. Methods A total of 21 patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes were recruited for the 2-way cross-over, open-labeled trial, and then randomized to Group A （n=-10, treated with insulin Aspart） or Group B （n=11, treated with Novolin R）. Insulin Aspart and Novolin R were administered by CSII. Capillary glucose concentrations were measured at 8 time points, pre-prandial and postprandial, bedtime （10 pm）, midnight （2 am） every day during the treatment. Results The average capillary glucose profiles for the day were much better controlled in Group A than in Group B （P〈0.01）. The blood glucose levels were particularly better controlled in Group A than in Group B at pre-breakfast （（6.72±1.24） mmol/L vs （7.84±1.58） mmol/L, P=0.014）, post-breakfast （（8.96±2.41） mmol/L vs （11.70±3.11） mmol/L, P=0.0028）, post-supper （（8.15±2.10） mmol/L vs （10.07±2.36） mmol/L, P=0.008）, bed time （（7.73±1.72） mmol/L vs （9.39±.2.05） mmol/L, P=0.007） and midnight （（6.32±1.16） mmol/L vs （7.48±1.36） mmol/L, P=0.0049）. There was no significant difference in the frequency of hypoglycemic episodes between the two groups. Conclusion Insulin Aspart results in better control of blood glucose levels than regular human insulin （Novolin R） in diabetic patients during delivery by CSII.     

Comparison of immediate and followup results between transradial and transfemoral approach for percutaneous coronary intervention in true bifurcational lesions

Background  A comparison of efficacy and safety between transradial and transfemoral approach for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in bifurcations has not been done. This study evaluated feasibility of transradial PCI (TRI) and compared the immediate and followup results with transfemoral PCI (TFI) in bifurcations.
Methods  One hundred and thirty-four consecutive patients with bifurcations were treated with PCI in our hospital from April 2004 to October 2005. Of these, there were 60 patients (88 lesions) in TRI group and 74 patients (101 lesions) in TFI group. Bifurcations type was classified according to the Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud Classification.
Results  TRI group had smaller stent diameter ((3.06±0.37) mm vs (3.18±0.35) mm, P=0.023) and postprocedural in-stent minimum lumen diameter ((2.62±0.37) mm vs (2.74±0.41) mm, P=0.029) than TFI, but there were not significant differences in in-stent subacute thrombosis rate (0% vs 1.0%, P=0.349),  target lesion revascularization (TLR) (0% vs 1.0%, P=0.349) following procedure and thrombosis (2.3% vs 1.0%, P=0.482), in-stent restenosis (12.5% vs  10.9%, P=0.731), in-segment restenosis (17.0% vs 14.9%, P=0.681), TLR (10.2% vs 13.9%, P=0.446) and TLR-free cumulative survival rate (89.8% vs 86.1%, P=0.787) at seven months followup. No death was reported in the two groups.
Conclusion  Transradial intervention is feasible and appears to be as effective and safe as transfemoral PCI in treatment of true bifurcational lesions.

     

Early Results of reverse LISS plating in treating elderly intertrochanteric fractures: a prospective study compared to proximal femoral nail

Background Intertrochanteric femur fracture is common in elderly population. Though multiple treatment options are available, the choice of implant remains controversial. The reverse LISS plating was introduced for treatment of a patient with ipsilateral intertrochanteric and midshaft femoral fractures. Our report was the first to compare such technique to intramedullary nailing (proximal femoral nail, PFN) for intertrochanteric fractures. Methods Fifty six patients with an age of at least sixty-five years and an AO/OTA type-A1 or A2 fractures were included and divided into LISS and PFN treatment group. Background parameters, fracture and surgery details were documented. Follow-up time was at least 12 months. Radiology, complication, Harris Hip Score and RDRS score were recorded to evaluate fixation status and hip function for each patient during follow-up. Results There were no difference between the two groups in surgical time ((48.0±8.56) min, vs (51.8±10.79) min, P=0.3836) and intraoperative blood loss ((149.1±45.09) ml, vs (176.4±25.41) ml, P=0.0712). The LISS group had less postoperative haemoglobin reduction ((10.2±4.54) g/l Hb, vs (15.1±5.87) g/l Hb, P=0.0475). There was no complication observed in PFN group. All 31A1 type fracture in LISS group showed 100% maintenance of reduction. One nonunion with locking screw breakage and 2 varus union were found in the LISS group. Postoperative hip function was similar between the two groups. Conclusions Though Reverse LISS plating may not be recommended as a routine fixation method for elderly unstable intertrochanteric fractures compared to PFN, it may possibly be reserved for rapid fixation and damage control in polytrauma patients and ORIF of subtrochanteric and reverse oblique intertrochanteric fractures.     

Effect of short-term high-dose atorvastatin on systemic inflammatory response and myocardial ischemic injury in patients with unstable angina pectoris undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

Background Percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） could develop periprocedural myocardial infarction and inflammatory response and statins can modify inflammatory responses property.The aim of this study was to evaluate whether short-term high-dose atorvastatin therapy can reduce inflammatory response and myocardial ischemic injury elicited by PCI.Methods From March 2012 to May 2014,one hundred and sixty-five statin-naive patients with unstable angina referred for PCI at Department of Cardiology of the 306th Hospital,were enrolled and randomized to 7-day pretreatment with atorvastatin 80 mg/d as high dose group （HD group,n=56） or 20 mg/d as normal dose group （ND group,n=57） or an additional single high loading dose （80 mg） followed 6-day atorvastatin 20 mg/d as loading dose group （LD group,n=52）.Plasma C-reactive protein （CRP） and interleukin-6 （IL-6） levels were determined before intervention and at 5 minutes,24 hours,48 hours,72 hours,and 7 days after intervention.Creatine kinase-myocardial isoenzyme （CK-MB） and cardiac troponin I （cTnl） were measured at baseline and then 24 hours following PCI.Results Plasma CRP and IL-6 levels increased from baseline after PCI in all groups.CRP reached a maximum at 48 hours and IL-6 level reached a maximum at 24 hours after PCI.Plasma CRP levels at 24 hours after PCI were significantly lower in the HD group （（9.14±3.02） mg/L） than in the LD group （（11.06±3.06） mg/L） and ND group （（12.36±3.08） mg/L,P ＜0.01）; this effect persisted for 72 hours.IL-6 levels at 24 hours and 48 hours showed a statistically significant decrease in the HD group （（16.19±5.39） ng/L and （14.26±4.12） ng/L,respectively）） than in the LD group （（19.26±6.34） ng/L and （16.03±4.08） ng/L,respectively,both P ＜0.05） and ND group （（22.24±6.98） ng/L and （17.24±4.84） ng/L,respectively）.IL-6 levels at 72 hours and 7 days showed no statistically significant difference among the study groups.Although PCI cau     

精准护理理论下Ⅰ期心肺护理增强CABG心肺功能效果分析

目的 探讨精准护理理论基础上Ⅰ期心肺康复方面护理措施对提高冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)患者心肺功能影响及临床效果。 方法 运用便利抽样方法选取自2017年8月1日—2018年4月1日在沈阳市第四人民医院治疗的CABG患者114例,然后采取随机数字分组方式将患者分成观察组与对照组,每组57例患者。对照组患者实施常规方式治疗及护理,观察组实施精准护理理论下的Ⅰ期心肺康复护理措施,2组均护理1个月。护理措施包含进阶运动康复方案、呼吸锻炼以及心脏康复方面健康教育;2组患者在护理前以及出院前都实施超声检查并且在出院前进行6 min步行实验(6MWT)测评。 结果 观察组患者护理后左心室内径、左心室射血分数、6MWT、最大摄氧量(VO_2max)与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义[(43.87±6.84)mm、(71.32±8.37)%、(265.31±75.27)m、(14.76±3.64)mL/(kg·min) vs.(49.36±6.51)mm、(66.93±8.97)%、(235.48±60.54)m、(10.97±2.35)mL/(kg·min),均P<0.05)]。 结论 精准护理理论下Ⅰ期心肺康复护理可以明显提升CABG术患者VO_2max,增强患者的心肺功能以及有氧运动实际耐力,值得临床推广。