临床评估同时切除前列腺和膀胱肿瘤对膀胱肿瘤复发的影响(附47例报告)

目的：评估同时切除前列腺和膀胱肿瘤对膀胱肿瘤在膀胱颈部和（或）前列腺窝处复发的影响。方法：回顾性研究47例同时行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术和经尿道前列腺切除术的患者,分为膀胱肿瘤单发组26例和多发组21例,记录随访时间、肿瘤的复发时间、复发位置、复发数量以及肿瘤的进展,综合评价同时切除前列腺搜膀胱肿瘤和膀胱肿瘤复发的关系。结果：所有患者随访1～4年,平均随访2、9年;膀胱肿瘤的平均复发率为68.1%,单发组复发率为53.8％,多发组复发率为85.7％,两组复发率差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）;肿瘤平均复发时间15.1个月,单发组复发时间17.5个月,多发组复发时间12.4个月;在膀胱颈和（或）前列腺窝肿瘤复发10例（21.3%）：在前列腺窝膀胱肿瘤平均复发时间为21.3个月,在单发组为26.O个月,而在多发组为20.6个月。3例患者（6.3％）最后发展为浸润性膀胱癌而行膀胱全切术。结论：同时切除前列腺和膀胱肿瘤是一种比较安全的手术策略,对膀胱肿瘤在膀胱颈和前列腺窝处的复发没有影响。     

肾癌多中心病灶和假包膜外肿瘤浸润的病理研究

目的 探讨保留肾单位手术(NSS)治疗肾癌时肿瘤周围正常肾组织安全有效的切除范围.方法2005年10月至2008年10月肾癌标本131例,其中行肾癌根治术103例,行NSS 28例.先行大体病理检查,然后分别在肿瘤假包膜外侧和距离肿瘤边缘3、5、10、15 mm各层面取材,每个层面取4块组织,HE组织染色.观察有无肾癌多中心病灶和假包膜外肿瘤的浸润范围等病理指标,分别测量病变到肿瘤边缘的距离,并统计肿瘤大小与以上指标的相关性.结果 131例肾癌标本中,肿瘤直径＜4.0 cm者61例,均未发现肿瘤周围浸润和卫星灶.肿瘤直径4～7 cm者46例,发现肿瘤周围浸润或卫星灶3例(6.5%),其中G3透明细胞癌1例,分别在距离肿瘤10、15 mm处发现卫星灶;集合管癌1例和G3透明细胞癌伴肉瘤样癌1例距离肿瘤周围15 mm均可见肿瘤浸润生长,集合管癌患者同时伴有远处转移和肾静脉瘤栓.肿瘤直径＞7 cm者24例,有肿瘤周围浸润或卫星灶4例(16.7%),其中1例G3透明细胞癌在肿瘤周围3 mm处发现卫星灶,另3例G2、G3透明细胞癌在肿瘤周围15 mm范围发现肿瘤浸润生长;有肾静脉瘤栓4例(16.7%);远处转移2例(8.3%).肿瘤直径与肿瘤周围浸润生长和卫星灶之间呈显著相关性(P＜0.05).结论直径＜4 cm的肾癌,行距离肿瘤周围正常肾组织切除宽度小的NSS,甚至简单的肿瘤剜除术安全有效;对部分仔细选择的4～7 cm肾癌,只要技术可行能够完整切除肿瘤,采用NSS治疗合理可行;而对于＞7 cm的肾癌,不建议行NSS.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the safe and effective width of a healthy parenchymal surgical margin in nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) for renal cell carcinoma. Methods From October, 2005to October, 2008, 131 renal carcinoma specimens (103 cases performed by radical nephrectomy and 28 cases by NSS) were studied. The tissue materials were taken at the site of pseudo-capsule, 3, 5, 10,15 mm laterally from the tumor edge respectively and HE staining. Specimens were examined grossly and microscopically for multifocal tumors, infiltration of tumor pseudo-capsule and other pathological features. The correlation between the renal tumor size and the pathological features were analyzed statistically. Results There were 131 specimens of renal carcinoma. In 61 cases with tumor diameter ＜4 cm, no case (0.0%) had multifocal tumors and infiltration of tumor pseudo-capsule. In 46 cases with tumor diameter 4-7 cm, multifocal tumors were found in 3 cases (6.5%), and infiltration of tumor pseudo-capsule was found in 2 cases. Among the 46 cases there was 1 collecting duct cancer accompanied with distant metastasis and renal vein tumor embolus. In 24 cases with tumor diameter ＞7cm, multifocal tumors were found in 4 cases (16. 7%) and infiltration of tumor pseudo-capsule was found in 3 cases. Four cases (16.7%) had renal vein tumor embolus. Two cases (8.3%) had distant metastasis. The renal tumor size was apparently associated with multifocal tumors and infiltration of tumor pseudo-capsule (P＜0. 05). Conclusions Mini-margin NSS, even simple enucleoresection, is a safe and effective approach for treating localized renal tumor of ＜4 cm. For carefully selected patients with tumor 4-7 cm, NSS is reasonable and feasible. But for the patient with tumor ＞7 cm,NSS is not recommended.     

Clinicopathological study of upper urinary tract tumors associated with bladder tumors

Among 535 cases of urothelial tumors (upper urinary tract and bladder tumors) from 1970 to 1988, 40 had upper urinary tract tumor associated with bladder tumor. Of 40 cases, 18 (45%) were synchronous, 17 (43%) were metachronous with primary upper urinary tract tumor followed by subsequent bladder tumor 18.5 +/- 14.1 (means +/- SD) months later and 5 (12%) were metachronous with primary bladder tumor followed by subsequent upper urinary tract tumor 40.2 +/- 13.6 months later. The incidence (17/52 = 0.32) of bladder tumor occurrence subsequent to primary upper urinary tract tumor was much higher than that (5/465 = 0.01) of upper urinary tract tumor subsequent to primary bladder tumor. The histologic grades of upper urinary tract tumor and associated bladder tumor were consistent in 73%. Except in 1 case, multiple occurrence of upper urinary tract tumor was always observed unilaterally on the side involved. The current results not only support the theory of multicentricity but raise the possibility that tumor cell implantation may play some role at least in the development of bladder tumor subsequent to upper urinary tract tumor.     

超抗原SEA对人胃癌细胞株小鼠荷瘤模型作用及其机制的研究

目的　探讨超抗原金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素 (SEA)对体内肿瘤的抑瘤效果及作用机制。方法　采用人胃癌细胞 (MGC80 3 )皮下接种建立小鼠胃癌模型 (n =40 ) ,实验组 (n =2 0 )注射SEA ,对照组 (n =2 0 )注射生理盐水 ,观察肿瘤的发生率及肿瘤的重量。并对瘤体组织应用免疫组织化学方法初步探讨其发生机制。结果　超抗原SEA处理的小鼠肿瘤的发生率低于对照组 ,两者差异无显著性 ;超抗原SEA处理的小鼠肿瘤的重量明显低于对照组 ,两者差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ;SEA处理的小鼠肿瘤组织有CD4 T细胞和CD8 T细胞浸润 ,而对照组很少或没有T细胞浸润。结论　超抗原SEA对小鼠胃癌细胞有明显抑瘤效果 ,其作用机制可能为SEA诱导了超抗原依赖细胞介导的细胞毒效应所致     

肝内单发病灶的复发性肝细胞癌的临床病理特点

目的 探讨肝内单发病灶的复发性肝细胞癌的临床病理特点.方法 对96例复发性肝细胞癌患者进行分析,根据其肝内复发病灶为单发或多发将其分为单发组(46例)和多发组(50例).对两组患者的10项临床病理指标及3项病理免疫组织化学指标进行统计分析.结果 两组比较差异有统计学意义的指标中,初次手术切除时肿瘤直径≤5 cm者单发组为67.4％(31/46),多发组为34.0％(17/50);脉管无癌栓者单发组为76.1％ (35/46),多发组为56.0％(28/50);复发时间＞1年者单发组为65.2％ (30/46),多发组为40.0％( 20/50);Ki-67阳性细胞数≤20％者单发组为43.5％ (20/46),多发组为24.0％ (12/50).结论 初次手术切除时肿瘤直径≤5 cm,脉管无癌栓,复发时间＞1年,Ki-67阳性细胞数≤20％的原发性肝细胞癌术后复发时为单发病灶.     

Bidirectional effects of splenectomy on the growth of syngeneic tumor in mice

The effects of splenectomy on tumor growth following inoculation with a relatively large number of cells (1 X 10(7) ) and a smaller number of cells (5 X 10(5) ) of Meth I tumor were studied. When 1 X 10(7) tumor cells were inoculated, tumor growth in splenectomized mice was depressed, while tumor in sham-operated mice grew progressively. On the contrary, when 5 X 10(5) tumor cells were inoculated, the tumor take was lower in sham-operated than in splenectomized mice. The spleen cells from mice inoculated with either a large or small number of tumor cells, showed an equally potent cytotoxic activity, but no detectable suppressor cell activity. On the other hand, the activity of immunosuppressive factor was detected in sera from mice inoculated with 1 X 10(7) tumor cells, but not in those given 5 X 10(5) cells. The effect of splenectomy on tumor growth is, thus, bidirectional, depending on the dose of tumor cells inoculated.     

Clinical and pathological features associated with the testicular tumor of the adrenogenital syndrome

PURPOSE: Testicular tumor of the adrenogenital syndrome is a rare clinical entity found in young men with endocrine disorders. Histologically it resembles Leydig cell tumor. We 1) reviewed the clinical features of testicular tumor of the adrenogenital syndrome and 2) determined if special histopathological features of the tumor and synaptophysin reactivity could distinguish testicular tumor of the adrenogenital syndrome from Leydig cell tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the medical and pathological records for all patients with testicular tumor of the adrenogenital syndrome seen at our institution from 1978 to 2004. These tumors were examined by histological and immunophenotypic methods for comparison to Leydig cell tumor. RESULTS: A total of 14 males with an endocrine disorder had pathological evidence of testicular tumor of the adrenogenital syndrome. These tumors were often bilateral (93% or 13 of 14 cases), associated with pain (92% or 12 of 13) and refractory to medical management with high dose exogenous steroids (93% or 13 of 14). Testicular tumor of the adrenogenital syndrome was managed by tumor enucleation in 7 patients (54%) and by radical orchiectomy in 6 (46%). All patients had resolution of pain at 3-month followup. Upon histological review features found to be more common to testicular tumor of the adrenogenital syndrome compared with Leydig cell tumor were nuclear pleiomorphism, low mitotic activity, extensive fibrosis, lymphoid aggregates, adipose metaplasia and prominent lipochrome pigment. Synaptophysin (ICN, Costa Mesa, California) reactivity was strong in testicular tumor of the adrenogenital syndrome but rarely observed in Leydig cell tumor. CONCLUSIONS: In our series medical treatment failed in patients with testicular tumor of the adrenogenital syndrome and conservative surgical therapy was possible in select individuals. We identified special histopathological and immunophenotypic features, including synaptophysin staining, which distinguish testicular tumor of the adrenogenital syndrome from Leydig cell tumor.     

乳腺癌小鼠动物模型中白细胞介素-17的表达及其意义

目的 探讨小鼠乳腺癌动物模型中白细胞介素-17(IL-17)的表达及意义.方法 以MA782/5S28102及4T1细胞株建立两种乳腺癌动物模型.分别于接种后1周和4周采用Western blot检测肿瘤组织中IL-17的表达.使用PMA+CD3单抗+CD28单抗刺激后,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测肿瘤细胞和淋巴细胞培养体系上清中IL-17的含量.同时观察IL-17对培养体系及4T1荷瘤小鼠中肿瘤细胞生长的影响.结果 乳腺癌模型中晚期肿瘤组织中IL-17的表达水平均明显较早期有所升高.分离的肿瘤细胞接受刺激后,几乎不分泌IL-17,淋巴细胞分泌大量IL-17(P＜0.01).IL-17不能促进4T1细胞的生长(增长率分别为1.11±0.11和1.28 ±0.21,P＞0.05);将IL-17输注至4T1荷瘤小鼠的体内,可见肿瘤生长速度明显加快(P＜0.05).输注IL-17的荷瘤小鼠肿瘤组织中微血管密度(MVD)明显增加(MVD分别为:35.79±9.49,13.52±3.55,P＜0.01).结论 IL-17在晚期肿瘤组织中明显升高,IL-17可能通过促进肿瘤组织内微血管形成加快肿瘤的生长.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the impact of interleukin (IL) -17 expression on tumor growth in experimental models of murine mammary carcinoma and potential mechanisms. Methods Two murine cell lines, MA782/5S28102 and 4T1 were used to establish experimental models of murine mammary carcinoma. The IL-17 expression in tumor tissues derived from MA782-bearing mice or 4T1-bearing mice was detected in early and late stages of the tumor by Western blotting. The tumor cells and tumor-infiltrated-lymphocytes were separated from tumor tissues and cultured for 5 days with stimulation of PMA, anti-CD3 antibody and anti-CD28 antibody. The supernatants of culture media of stimulated tumor cells or tumor-infiltrated-lymphocytes were harvested and tested for IL-17 concentration by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To evaluate the effect of IL-17 on the proliferation of tumor cells, 4T1 cells were culture in media with or without IL-17 and the cell number was counted on the day 5. For ire vivo assay, 4T1-bearing mice were injected with IL-17 or culture media via tail vein, and the tumor volume was measured. To assay the angiogenesis, the tumor tissues from 4T1-bearing mice with or without injection of IL-17 were stained with anti-CD31 antibody by immunohistochemistry. Results The IL-17 expression was significantly higher in late stage than in early stage of tumor in two experimental models. The tumor expression of IL-17 was secreted by tumor infiltrated lymphocytes (P ＜0.01). IL-17 could not increase the generation of tumor cells in vitro (1. 11 ±0. 11, 1. 28 ±0. 21 ,P ＞0. 05). But IL-17, injected into 4T1 -bearing mice, markedly enhanced in vivo tumor growth and significantly increased tumor vascularity (35. 79 ±9. 49, 13. 52 ±3. 55,P ＜0.01). Conclusion IL-17 in tumor tissue probably promotes tumor growth through enhancing angiogenesis.     

Early results of surgery in patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma and analysis of the risk of tumor recurrence

OBJECT: Nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) are benign tumors of the pituitary gland that typically cause visual and/or hormonal dysfunction. Surgery is the treatment of choice, but patients remain at risk for tumor recurrence for several years afterwards. The authors evaluate the early results of surgery and the long-term risk of tumor recurrence in patients with NFPAs. METHODS: Between 1990 and 2005, 491 previously untreated patients with NFPA underwent surgery at the Università Vita-Salute. Determinations of recurrence or growth of the residual tumor tissue during the follow-up period were based on neuroradiological criteria. RESULTS: Residual tumor after surgery was detected in 173 patients (36.4%). Multivariate analysis showed that invasion of the cavernous sinus, maximum tumor diameter, and absence of tumor apoplexy were associated with an unfavorable surgical outcome. At least 2 sets of follow-up neuroimaging studies were obtained in 436 patients (median follow-up 53 months). Tumors recurred in 83 patients (19.0%). When tumor removal appeared complete, younger age at surgery was associated with a risk of tumor recurrence. In patients with incomplete tumor removal, adjunctive postoperative radiotherapy had a marked protective effect against growth of residual tumor. CONCLUSIONS: Complete surgical removal of NFPAs can be safely achieved in > 50% of cases. Visual symptoms and, less frequently, pituitary function may improve after surgery. However, tumor can recur in patients after apparently complete surgical removal. In patients with incomplete tumor removal, radiation therapy is the most effective adjuvant therapy for preventing residual tumor growth.     

颅内肿瘤患者血浆脂质结合唾液酸检测的意义

目的 探讨检测血浆脂质结合唾液酸含量诊断颅内肿瘤的价值及判断预后的作用。方法 采用朱翔和李平升改良硫代巴比妥酸比色法测定正常对照组７３例、内良性肿瘤对照组３２例,恶性胶质瘤组３８例,脑转移瘤组１３例中血浆ＬＳＡ含量。结果 各组血浆ＬＳＡ含量均高于正常对照组,其中脑转移瘤患者ＬＳＡ平均含量显著高离恶性胶质瘤患者,恶性胶质瘤患者血浆ＬＳＡ含量又显著高于颅内衣性肿瘤患者。随访２４例患者,血浆ＬＳＡ均高于     

多层螺旋CTA对肝脏肿瘤介入化疗及栓塞治疗的指导意义

目的探讨多层螺旋CTA在肝脏肿瘤介入化疗及栓塞治疗中的应用价值。方法对32例肝脏肿瘤患者行MSCTA检查,再行肝脏动脉DSA造影并介入化疗及栓塞治疗。结果以DSA造影作为标准进行比较,MSCTA检出变异动脉10例,准确率为100%,肿瘤明确供血动脉30例,准确率为93.75%。显示肿瘤染色24例,异常肿瘤血管20例,门静脉癌栓7例,动静脉短路4例,与DSA造影所见具有高度的一致性,且对门静脉显影及癌栓的显示优于DSA。结论MSCTA能准确显示变异血管、肿瘤的肝外供血动脉,有无门静脉受累及受累程度,对肝脏肿瘤的介入化疗及栓塞治疗有重要的指导意义。     

几个影响膀胱移行细胞癌复发因素的临床分析

目的:探讨几个临床病理因素在预测膀胱移行细胞癌复发中的价值。方法:回顾性分析252例膀胱移行细胞癌的临床资料,通过统计学评估肿瘤大小、数目、分级及对肿瘤复发的影响。结果:252例患者术后随访11～154个月,平均49.5个月。单个、2个、3个及以上肿瘤的复发率分别为20.9%、22.5%、44.4%,3个及以上肿瘤的复发率明显高于其他两组(P<0.01);肿瘤直径≤1cm、～≤2cm、～<3cm、≥3cm的复发率分别为18.6%、8.3%、15.8%、38.8%,≥3cm的肿瘤复发率明显高于其他三组(P<0.01);Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级的复发率分别为14.8%、24.0%、35.7%,随着肿瘤级别升高,肿瘤复发率增加(P<0.05)。结论:膀胱移行细胞癌的多灶性、肿瘤大小和分级与其复发率正相关。了解膀胱移行细胞癌患者的肿瘤多灶性、大小和分级等临床病理特征,可以预测其预后复发情况,从而有针对地采取相应有效的治疗方法及监视随访措施。     

Concept and problems of the early stage of primary liver cancer

Study of 25 patients with less hepatic tumor than 5 cm in diameter was made on pathohistology and prognosis. In relation of portal vein embolus to tumor size, portal vein embolus (vp1) developed histologically in four (30.8%) to thirteen patients with less than 3 cm tumor in diameter, but in eleven (91.7%) of twelve with more than 3 cm tumor diameter. The accumulative survival rate of patients with less than 3 cm tumor in diameter was 92.3% at one year, 78.0% at three and five years. It is more favorable than survival rate of patients with more than 3 cm tumor in diameter. Therefore, at present it seems to be adequate that tumor size is less than 3 cm, portal vein embolus (vp1) is negative and solitary as concept of early stage of primary liver cancer. Most patients with liver cirrhosis do not meet well functional reserve of the liver and minimized regional resection is often obliged. However we can have favorable results, if the portal vein embolus (vp) and intrahepatic metastasis (im) surrounding the tumor are identified by echogram during operation and resected with tumor. Its accumulative survival rate was 87.9% at one year, 72.5% at three and five years.     

Morphometric measurement of tumor volume and per cent of gland involvement as predictors of pathological stage in clinical stage B prostate cancer

Although tumor volume is an important factor in predicting prognosis in carcinoma of the prostate, direct and accurate estimation of tumor volume is not practical clinically at present because the tumor may not always be palpable (stage A) and when palpable it is difficult to estimate volume in 3 dimensions. For this reason the clinical staging of prostate cancer currently is based on estimations of the per cent of gland involved with tumor: in stage A by per cent of tissue involved with cancer and in stage B by digital palpation (less than 1 lobe, 1 lobe and 2 lobes). In stage A prostate cancer the per cent of the specimen involved with tumor and the volume of tumor have been shown to correlate with tumor progression. Our study was designed to determine if either or both of these morphometric factors would be good predictors of pathological stage in stage B prostate cancer. We analyzed 56 step-sectioned radical prostatectomy specimens: 28 without capsular penetration, 15 with capsular penetration only and 13 with seminal vesicle involvement. The per cent of gland involved with tumor (correlation coefficient 0.67, p less than 0.001) and tumor volume (correlation coefficient 0.55, p less than 0.001) correlated well with pathological stage. Stepwise linear regression showed that the combination of the per cent of gland involved with tumor and the total Gleason grade was statistically the best predictor of pathological stage.     

巨大纵隔肿瘤的外科治疗

目的　探讨巨大纵隔肿瘤外科治疗的经验。方法　回顾性分析 1993年 5月～ 2 0 0 3年 5月收治的 13例病人临床资料。结果　 13例病人中良性肿瘤 8例 ( 62 % ) ,恶性肿瘤 5例( 3 8% ) ,肿瘤完整切除 11例 ,部分切除 1例 ,1例因术中大出血死亡。 10例随访 3个月～ 10年 ,良性肿瘤无复发 ,恶性肿瘤 2例复发。结论　巨大纵隔肿瘤以手术治疗为主。囊性肿瘤及其他肿瘤有液化者可在术前穿刺减压 ,术中暴露困难时可先部分切除 ,注意处理复张性肺水肿及术中大出血。     

Feasibility and relevance of tumor volumetry for stage classification and assessment of remission of germ cell tumors

Although tumor load has proven to be the most relevant prognostic factor in disseminated germ cell tumors (GCT), methods to determine tumor volume for staging have not been studied so far. In a prospective study, we therefore measured the volume of metastases before and during chemotherapy in 27 patients with disseminated GCT. Abdominal tumor volume was calculated using a General Electric CT scan 8800. Total volume was determined by cumulation of 1 cm slices measured by a cursor. Pulmonary volume was calculated by taking each metastasis as a sphere using V = 0.523 x d3, where V = volume and d = diameter. We used linear regression analysis to determine the dependence of tumor markers on volume. Before chemotherapy, the median tumor volume of all patients was 237 (range 4-2690) cm3. The tumor volume was 1-100 cm3 in 30%, 101-500 cm3 in 41%, and over 500 cm3 in 29% of the patients. NED (no evidence of disease) was achieved in 8/8 patients presenting with a small (1-100 cm3) and 9/10 with a moderate (101-500 cm3) tumor volume. In contrast, only 1/8 with advanced tumor load (greater than 500 cm3) achieved NED. While there was a significant correlation between the initial and the residual tumor volume (P = 0.0024, r = 0.72), there was none between the tumor volume and alpha fetoprotein, beta human chorionic gonadotropin, and lactate dehydrogenase. These results suggest that radiological determination of tumor volume is a reproducible and accurate staging method.     

462例中下段直肠癌淋巴转移规律与淋巴清扫范围的分析

目的 探讨中下段直肠癌的淋巴转移规律和淋巴清扫范围。方法 对1990－1999年行传统直肠癌根治术的373例和行传统直肠癌根治术加盆腔侧方淋巴清扫术（简称侧方清扫术）的89例中下段直肠癌患者进行回顾性分析。结果 全组淋巴转移率为41．8％,患者年龄、癌灶浸润深度、大体分型、癌灶大小是影响淋巴转移率的重要因素（P＜0．05）。89例侧方清扫术的盆腔侧方淋巴转移率为15．7％,其中85．7％位于癌灶同侧。有盆腔侧方淋巴结转移者均为浸润深度T3、T4者;癌灶＞3cm、溃疡型或浸润型、年龄＜60岁者盆腔侧方淋巴结转移较高。侧方清扫术组的盆腔复发率为5．6％,明显低于传统直肠癌根治术组的17．7％（P＜0．05）;侧方清扫术组和传统直肠癌根治术组的5年生存率分别为46．7％和47．9％（P＞0．05）。结论 应提高对中下段直肠癌淋巴转移规律的认识,对怀疑或证实有淋巴结转移、癌灶侵犯浆膜或穿透肠壁、癌灶＞3cm、溃疡型或浸润型、年龄＜60岁者建议行侧方清扫术。     

建立犬肺癌模型及制作方法的比较研究

目的比较犬传染性性病肿瘤(CTVT)细胞悬液法及组织块法犬肺移植的成瘤情况。方法选取纯种比格犬20只,分为组织块组及细胞悬液组,每组各10只,于CT引导下分别行CTVT肿瘤细胞悬液及组织块肺内种植。结果细胞悬液组10只犬中7只犬最终肺内成瘤,第10周时16个接种点中最终10个成瘤,成瘤率为62.50%。组织块组10只犬13个接种点最终全部肺内成瘤,成瘤率为100%。细胞悬液组与组织块组成瘤率的差异有统计学意义(P=0.0205)。组织块组实验犬的一般情况较细胞悬液组好,未出现明显恶液质。两组均未发生致死性并发症。结论建立犬肺癌模型时,相比于细胞悬液法,组织块接种法成功率更高,且成瘤犬状态较好。     

Usefulness of MRI volumetric evaluation in patients with squamous cell cancer of the head and neck treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy

BACKGROUND: The purpose was to evaluate the efficacy of tumor volumetry on MRI as predictive of response to treatment with induction chemotherapy, comparing the results with endoscopy. METHODS: Fifty patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SSCHN) who underwent MRI volumetry before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy consisting of docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (TPF) were included in this study. The tumor volume was calculated by a slice-by-slice evaluation. With the standard software of a workstation, the area of the tumor was measured slice by slice using manual segmentation. To evaluate the efficacy of MRI volumetry, pretreatment volume was compared with pretreatment remission status as evaluated with endoscopy. RESULTS: Forty-five (90%) patients demonstrated a tumor downstaging after chemotherapy. Fourteen (28%) patients showed a complete histologic remission (CR), 31 (62%) patients showed a partial remission (PR). Pretreatment tumor volume was significantly different between patients whose tumor completely responded (CR) and those whose tumor did not completely respond or whose disease was stable or was progressive (p = .00023). We defined a threshold for the pretreatment tumor volume in patients with CR, which was equal to 29.71 cc. CONCLUSION: We propose that MRI tumor volume analyses can be a useful parameter to predict the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in SCCHN.     

原发性肝细胞癌根治术后肿瘤复发的影响因素及预后

目的 探讨原发性肝细胞癌(HCC)根治术后患者肿瘤早、晚期复发的影响因素及预后.方法 回顾性分析2003年1月至2006年12月华中科技大学附属同济医院收治的117例行HCC根治术患者的临床资料,以术后2年为界,≤2年肿瘤复发为早期复发,＞2年为晚期复发.分析AFP、AFP/肿瘤单位体积(AFP/V)、肿瘤直径、肿瘤数目、血管侵犯、肿瘤分化程度、肝硬化程度、肝功能分级、HBsAg、肝切除方式、术中输血等因素与术后肿瘤复发的关系,采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析法计算患者术后总体生存率和无瘤生存率,Log-rank法对生存率进行检验.结果 117例患者中有85例(72.6%)出现肿瘤复发,其中早期复发59例(50.4%)、晚期复发26例(22.2%).AFP、AFP/V、肿瘤直径、肿瘤数目、血管侵犯、肿瘤分化程度、术中输血是术后肿瘤早期复发的影响因素(x2=12.78,13.40,5.79,9.98,10.26,9.48,8.32,P＜0.05);AFP、肝硬化程度是术后肿瘤晚期复发的影响因素(x2=4.46,7.75,P＜0.05).AFP/V、肿瘤数目、血管侵犯是术后肿瘤早期复发的独立危险因素(RR=0.170,0.172,0.064,P＜0.05);肝硬化程度是术后肿瘤晚期复发的独立危险因素(RR=2.809,P＜0.05).本组患者术后1、3、5年总体生存率和无瘤生存率分别为82.6%、60.8%、54.9%和65.0%、38.5%、23.1%.AFP＜20μg/L、AFP/V＜14 μg/(L·cm3)、AFP/V14μg/(L·cm3)的患者总体生存率和无瘤生存率比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).肿瘤早期复发患者1、3、5年总体生存率分别为64.9%、23.0%、20.5%;肿瘤晚期复发患者1、3、5年总体生存率分别为100.0%、88.5%、72.5%,两者比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=26.918,P＜0.05).结论 AFP/V、肿瘤数目、血管侵犯是肿瘤早期复发的独立危险因素,肝硬化程度是肿瘤晚期复发的独立危险因素.HCC根治术后肿瘤早、晚期复发患者生存率存在差异.