外固定支架在严重多发伤合并闭合性长管骨骨折分期治疗中的应用

目的：探讨外固定支架分期治疗严重多发伤合并四肢闭合性长管骨骨折的临床疗效。方法笔者选取2009年1月～2013年8月收治的58例严重多发伤合并闭合性四肢长管骨骨折早期行单臂支架临时外固定的患者,男性39例,女性19例;年龄18～70岁,平均47岁。待全身病情稳定、局部软组织损伤改善后,再根据患者具体情况选择最终确定性内固定治疗。结果平均外固定支架使用时间6d。二期确定性内固定治疗前2例出现钉道感染。内固定术后随访时间3～18个月,平均5．2个月。术后切口3例出现感染,总体感染率为5．2％。结论早期采用临时外固定支架没有增加最终确定性内固定手术后感染率,有利于闭合性长管骨骨折进一步治疗。     

支架外固定联合局部转移皮瓣修复伴皮肤软组织缺损胫腓骨开放骨折

目的：分析支架外固定联合局部转移皮瓣在修复伴皮肤缺损胫腓骨开放骨折中的应用。方法：选择胫骨或胫腓骨开放骨折伴皮肤缺损患者61例,分为观察组42例,对照组19例。观察组急诊清创、支架外固定骨折,一期或二期局部转移皮瓣修复皮肤缺损。对照组急诊清创、骨折内固定后直接缝合撕裂的皮肤。结果：观察组39例骨折达到临床愈合标准,2例瘢痕愈合,1例出现感染。对照组11例骨折达到临床愈合标准,8例发生皮肤及软组织缺血、坏死。结论：支架外固定联合局部转移皮瓣手术修复胫腓骨开放骨折伴皮肤软组织缺损疗效确切,值得临床推广。     

External fixation combined with limited internal fixation in the treatment of pilon tibia fractures

BACKGROUND/AIM: Intraarticular fractures of the tibial plafond (pilon fractures) belong to the group of most severe fractures. They are usually caused by high-energy trauma and frequently associated with a marked soft-tissue damage. Surgical treatment has replaced the traditional nonoperative treatment. The aim of this study was to present the results of the treatment of distal tibial intraarticular fracture by the use of internal fixation, as well as the combination of minimal internal fixation and external fixation. METHODS: The study included 47 patients with pilon tibia fractures who went through at the Clinic for Orthopedics and Traumatology, School of Medicine, Nis (1995-2004). Within the analayzed group there were 33 (70.2%) males and 14 (29.8%) females. The patients mean age was 45.8 years. In the first group, which consisted of 22 patients, open reduction and internal fixation of both the tibia and the fibula was performed in the two separate incisions. The second group consisted of 25 patients managed with external fixation by external fixator "Mitkovi?" with limited internal fixation. Besides external fixation, a minimal internal fixation was performed by the use of Kirschner wires and screws. The patients were followed-up inside a 24-months-period. Results. The obtained was a substantially high number of complications after open reduction and internal fixation in the group of patients. There was no difference in a long-term clinical outcome. Postoperative osteitis, as the most severe complication in the management of closed pilon tibia fractures, was not registered in the second group. CONCLUSION: Considering the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that external fixation by the "Mitkovi?" external fixator with the minimal internal fixation is a satisfactory method for the tratment of fractures of the tibial plafond causing less complications than internal fixation.     

撬拨复位结合Ilizarov技术治疗跟骨关节内骨折

目的 介绍撬拨复位结合Ilizarov技术治疗足跟皮肤软组织条件不良的跟骨关节内骨折的方法.方法 自2007年9月至2009年9月,应用该方法治疗足跟皮肤软组织条件不良的跟骨关节内骨折11例,男10例,女1例;年龄21～50岁,平均33.6岁.左4例,右7例.骨折采用Sanders分型:Ⅱ型7例,Ⅲ型3例,Ⅳ型1例.软组织损伤采用AO闭合软组织损伤分型:IC2型3例,IC3型6例,IC5型1例及皮肤开放撕脱伤1例.术前B(o)hler角0°～12°,平均8°;Gissane角70°～95°,平均80°.手术方法:跟骨结节外侧插入骨圆针撬拨复位后关节面骨块,再利用打入的橄榄针的拉张纠正跟骨内、外侧骨块的移位,并用llizarov环形支架同定.结果 11例患者全部获得随访,时间6～20个月,平均13.3个月.骨折全部愈合,愈合时问7～10周,平均8.1周.术后B(o)hler角20°～45°,平均33°;Gissane角100°～118°,平均107°.对按Maryland足部评分系统评价术后功能,优7例,良3例,可1例,优良率为91%.结论 撬拨复位结合Ilizarov技术可以恢复并维持跟骨正常的解剖形态,减少伤口感染等术后并发症的发生;尤其适用于Sanders II、III型伴软组织损伤严重的闭合骨折或开放骨折;掌握好手术适应证及操作要点可以取得满意的临床疗效.

Abstract：

Objective To introduce the treatment of intraarticular calcaneal fractures with poor soft tissue using poking reduction combined with Ilizarov methods. Methods From September 2007 to September 2009,11 patients with the intraarticular calcaneal fractures were treated with poking reduction combined with Ilizarov methods,including 10 males and 1 female at average age of 33.6 years(range,21-50 years).Four patients had the left calcaneal fractures and seven with the right ones.According to Sander classification,there were seven patients with type II fractures,three with type III fractures and one with type IV fracture.The various extents of heel soft tissue injury were emerged in all the patients.Before operation,B(o)hler angle was 0°-12°(average 8°)and Gissane angle 70°-95°(average 80°).According to AO classification of close soft tissue injury,there were three patients with type IC2,six with type IC3,one with type IC5 and one with open soft tissue injury.The collapse of the articular surface was recovered by Steinmann pin which passed through the lateral calcaneal tubercle.The medial and lateral fracture fragments were corrected by using the tensed olive wires.The heighat and width were maintained by using the Ilizarov external fixation. Results The mean duration of follow-up was 13.3 months (range,6-20 months).All fractures were healed after mean duration for 8.1 weeks(range,7-10weeks).The postoperative B(o)hler angle was 20°-45°(average 33°)and Gissane angle 100°-118°(average 107°).According to Maryland Foot Score system,the result of postoperative function was excellent in seven patients,good in three and fair in one,with excellence rate of 91%. Conclusions For the intraarticular calcaneal fractures,the poking reduction combined with Ilizarov method is able to recover and maintain the normal calcaneal height and width and reduce postoperative wound infections and many other complications.specially for Sanders II or III with severe soft tissue injury in the open or closed calcaneal fractures.Master of surgical indications and operating poims can attain satisfactory clinical efficacy.     

有限内固定结合外固定支架治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨有限内固定结合外固定支架治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折的临床效果。方法选择2010年1月~2013年6月在新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院米东医院外科收治的复杂胫骨平台骨折患者92例(SchatzkerⅣ型41例,Ⅴ型25例,Ⅵ型26例),男性61例,女性31例;年龄31~77岁,平均54.2岁。所有患者均为开放性骨折(Gustilo分型:Ⅰ型38例,Ⅱ型26例,Ⅲ28例),按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各46例。观察组采用有限内固定结合外固定支架治疗,对照组采用单纯钢板内固定传统手术治疗。对比两组手术情况、术后骨折愈合情况以及关节炎发生率,并对伤膝关节功能进行评估。结果观察组手术时间、术中出血量、术后愈合时间以及微动移位分别为(183.09±26.47)min、(304.75±51.47)mL、(0.57±0.11)周、(0.14±0.03)mm,均显著低于对照组的(213.47±34.23)min、(361.37±56.83)mL、(0.74±0.15)周、(0.31±0.07)mm;观察组术后膝关节评定优良率以及术后愈合率分别为97.83%(45/46)和93.48%(43/46),均显著高于对照组82.61%(38/46)和78.26%(36/46),而术后关节炎发生率观察组2.17%(1/46)低于对照组13.04%(6/46),上述差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论有限内固定结合外固定支架治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折对患者造成的创伤小,术后恢复快,并且愈合程度高、关节炎发生率低,适合临床推广应用。     

高能量Pilon骨折分期治疗两种不同固定方法疗效的比较

 目的 比较高能量Pilon骨折分期治疗中锁定加压钢板内固定与有限内固定结合外固定的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2009-01至2013-10治疗的56例高能量Pilon骨折患者的临床资料。早期采用跟骨牵引或支具、石膏外固定后,二期按手术固定方法不同分为两组:A组27例行切开复位锁定加压钢板内固定,B组29例行微创有限内固定结合外固定。比较术后两组患者骨折愈合的时间、踝关节功能恢复、并发症情况。结果 A组骨折愈合时间(4.9±0.6)个月,B组(5.2±0.7)个月,两组比较差异无统计学意义。A组踝关节功能恢复优良率(81.5%)与B组(75.9%)比较,差异无统计学意义。A组共发生并发症5例(18.5%),B组7例(24.1%),两组比较差异无统计学意义;但感染发生率比较,A组(14.8%)高于B组(0)(P＜0.05)。结论 在高能量Pilon骨折分期治疗中,上述两种治疗方法均能取得满意效果且疗效相当,但对伴有重度软组织伤者,微创有限内固定结合外固定较切开复位锁定加压钢板内固定治疗,感染的风险更低。     

胫骨下段粉碎性骨折手术治疗的选择与探讨

目的 探讨锁定加压钢板(LCP)、有限内固定+外固定支架及解剖钢板固定方法在胫骨下段粉碎性骨折治疗中的效果.方法 对211例胫骨下段粉碎性骨折患者进行手术治疗,分别采用LCP、有限内固定+外固定支架及解剖钢板进行固定,比较其临床疗效.结果 三种固定方法术后延迟愈合及骨不连发生率:有限内固定+外固定支架组为8.7%,解剖...     

18F-FDG PET/CT对下肢开放骨折术后感染的定位诊断价值及引导作用

 目的 评价¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT对下肢开放骨折术后感染的定位诊断价值及对清创术的引导作用。方法 收集医院2018-07至2019-06收治的15例下肢外伤骨折术后可疑慢性局部感染患者资料,清创术前1周内接受¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT检查;根据PET/CT影像定位感染灶,并与术后病理、微生物培养结果及PET/CT对照;分别计算骨感染灶和软组织感染灶的平均SUV_max,并与1例SPECT/CT骨显像进行对比分析;评价PET/CT引导下清创术的效果。结果 15例中6例为单纯骨感染灶,3例为单纯软组织感染灶,6例同时存在骨感染灶及软组织感染灶;PET/CT共发现骨感染灶18处,软组织感染灶12处,其中骨感染灶SUV_max为5.1±3.4,软组织感染灶SUV_max为3.6±2.4;PET/CT对骨感染灶的诊断灵敏性为94.4%,对软组织感染灶的诊断灵敏性为83.3%;PET/CT诊断灵敏性高于SPECT/CT骨显像;经PET/CT引导下的一次清创治愈率为93.3%(14/15)。结论 ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT诊断下肢开放骨折术后感染的准确性高,引导手术清创效果可靠。     

交锁髓内钉与外固定支架在四肢骨折中的应用效果比较

目的探讨交锁髓内钉与外固定支架在四肢骨折中的临床疗效,评价其方式的安全性及稳定性。方法选择我院2009年1月～2010年4月收治的87例四肢骨折的患者,根据患者手术方式的不同,将患者分为交锁髓内固定组(A组)45例,外固定支架组(B组)42例。对两组患者的治疗总有效率、术后愈合时间及术后并发症等指标进行随访观察,对两组各项数据进行统计分析。结果 A组、B组患者术后的总有效率分别为,A组为88.89%(40/45),B组为73.81%(31/42),两组比较有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组患者术后的愈合时间为(105.3±2.4)d,B组愈合时间为(116.6±3.5)d,两组比较差异显著(P<0.05);两组并发症比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论与外固定支架组比较,交锁髓内钉治疗对四肢骨折的治疗效果较为显著,且术后并发症少,同时交锁髓内钉术固定牢靠,愈合率较高,术后愈合时间较短,能显著性的提高固定的稳定性,对促进骨愈合具有积极的意义。     

应用微创内固定系统治疗胫骨粉碎性骨折

目的 探讨微创内固定系统(less invasive stabization system,LISS)治疗胫骨粉碎性骨折的方法和疗效.方法 回顾性研究自2005年1月至2006年7月使用LISS钢板治疗胫骨近、远端骨折合并邻近骨干粉碎性骨折14例,其中男10例,女4例;年龄19～61岁,平均34岁.其中胫骨近端11例,远端3例;开放性骨折6例,闭合性骨折8例.伤后至手术时间2～13 d,观察术后软组织恢复及骨折愈合情况.结果 术后随访4～16个月,平均9.4个月.骨折愈合时间4～12个月.平均7.8个月.所有切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无一例发生神经、血管、软组织并发症.胫骨轴线及膝、踝关节功能良好.结论 应用LISS系统治疗胫骨粉碎性骨折,具有操作简单、创伤小、愈合率高、并发症少等优点.     

Bone SPECT of the back after lumbar surgery.

PURPOSE: It may be difficult to evaluate back pain in patients who have undergone spinal surgery, because symptoms may be secondary to all the possible abnormalities in patients who have not had surgery plus postoperative complications, including infection, unstable fusion sites, or transfer of biomechanical stresses to other regions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-three patients with back pain and a history of lumbar spinal surgery had bone SPECT examinations. Twenty-eight patients had laminectomies, 10 had laminectomies with fusion, 10 had laminectomies with fusion and metallic stabilization devices (3 of which were removed), 7 had fusion without laminectomy, 7 had discectomies, and 1 had a fusion with metallic stabilization but no laminectomy. Eighty-seven percent of the fusions were posterior. The results of SPECT scanning were correlated with surgery, clinical information, and diagnostic radiologic studies. RESULTS: Patients with fusions tended to be scanned further out from the time of surgery than were patients with laminectomy alone or especially discectomy. Bone SPECT excluded bony abnormalities in the operative site in 7 of 63 patients. One hundred thirty-two lesions were uncovered, with facet abnormalities (n = 51) the most common followed by disc space-centered conditions (n = 29), pseudarthrosis (n = 20), sacroiliac joint (n = 18), vertebral body lesions (n = 9), and miscellaneous sites (n = 5). Sixty percent of the abnormalities located in the facets, disc spaces, and vertebral bodies were located in the operative field, whereas 29% were above and 11% were below it. CONCLUSION: Bone SPECT was useful in evaluating these patients to exclude bony lesions or to identify pseudarthrosis, abnormal facets, disc space-centered lesions, and sacroilitis.     

单臂外固定架治疗儿童胫腓骨远端骨折

目的探讨单臂外固定器固定在儿童胫腓骨远端骨折治疗中的可行性及其并发症的防治,提高对儿童该类骨折的治疗水平。方法采用单臂外固定器固定治疗儿童胫骨或胫腓骨远端骨折23例,其中男性17例,女性6例;年龄2～13岁,平均年龄5岁7个月。开放性骨折8例。结果随访2～4年。23例均未见骨折不愈合及畸形愈合。按照Paley骨折愈合标准评分:优13例,良7例,中3例;优良率87%。其中发生延迟愈合5例,6例有针道感染征象,5例有螺钉部分松动,4例行超踝关节固定患儿术后踝关节功能受限,恢复较差。结论采用单臂外固定器固定治疗儿童胫腓骨远端骨折是一种安全、简便的固定方法,软组织损伤轻,骨折端血运破坏少,骨折临床愈合快,并允许早期关节活动及负重练习,减少了关节功能障碍的发生,适用于几乎所有类型的儿童胫腓骨骨折,尤其是合并严重软组织损伤修复后需长期换药或合并血管、神经损伤者;但对于合并有严重骨质疏松、广泛皮肤病变,及因为年龄或其他因素不能配合术后管理的患儿应慎用。     

手术治疗胫骨平台骨折48例临床分析

目的探讨手术治疗胫骨平台骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性总结本院1998年1月—2008年1月收治的胫骨平台骨折48例的治疗效果。按Schatzker分类,Ⅰ型8例,Ⅱ型30例,Ⅲ型5例,Ⅳ型3例,Ⅴ型1例,Ⅵ型1例,均采用切开复位内固定治疗。结果42例获得随访,随访期1~5年,全部骨性愈合。结论手术是治疗胫骨平台骨折的有效方法,解剖复位、骨缺损植骨、稳定的固定和早期功能锻炼是减少并发症的关键。     

Stress fractures of the femoral neck in athletes. The consequence of a delay in diagnosis

Twenty-three patients with stress fractures of the femoral neck were followed up at an average of 6.5 years after the injury. There were 16 recreational athletes and seven elite athletes. Most injuries (N = 15) occurred during running. The diagnosis was confirmed within 3 to 104 weeks (mean, 14 weeks) after the initial onset of symptoms. Sixteen of the patients were treated with internal fixation, the remaining seven were treated conservatively. Seven patients (30%) developed complications requiring major surgery. Five of these patients had Type 3 fractures (displaced) and four had been treated with internal fixation initially. The remaining two patients had Type 1 fractures (endosteal or periosteal callus without an overt fracture line); one was treated operatively and the other conservatively. Three patients developed avascular necrosis and two were treated by hip replacement. The third patient was treated with arthrodesis. Three refractures and one pseudarthrosis were treated by osteotomy. At followup, all elite athletes stated that they had to end their career as a result of the injury. Results were rated by the ability of the athlete to return to sports. There were 9 bad or fair results, 13 good, and 1 excellent result. No difference in activity level or subjective rating was observed between the surgically and conservatively treated group either preinjury or postinjury. The most important factor influencing the complication rate seems to be the type of fracture. The high incidence of displaced fractures (Type 3) could speculatively be caused by undiagnosed tension side stress fractures. If so, the delay in correct diagnosis may be disastrous. However, we could only objectively observe this in one of our cases.     

微创内固定支架经皮微创内固定治疗C型老年桡骨远端骨折的临床研究

目的探讨微创内固定支架经皮微创内固定治疗C型老年桡骨远端骨折的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2015年3月—2018年3月厦门大学附属成功医院收治C型老年桡骨远端骨折患者97例,男性62例,女性35例;年龄60~78岁,平均67.4岁。按固定方式不同分为外固定支架组(48例)和微创组(49例),外固定支架组行外固定支架固定治疗,微创组行微创内固定支架经皮微创内固定治疗。比较两组患者手术效果、影像学指标、骨折端骨痂生长愈合情况及术后并发症情况。结果术后6个月,微创组优良率(93.88%)高于外固定支架组(79.17%)(P<0.05),桡骨高度(12.42±4.60)mm高于外固定支架组(8.53±5.59)mm,尺偏角(22.50±5.96)°、掌倾角(11.06±5.82)°大于外固定支架组尺偏角(18.93±5.20)°、掌倾角(8.45±4.78)°(P<0.05);微创组术后1、2个月骨折端骨痂生长愈合情况Lane-Sandhu X线片评分分别为(1.67±0.29)分、(3.78±0.66)分,优于外固定支架组(1.15±0.37)分、(2.82±0.54)分(P<0.05);微创组术后并发症发生率(6.12%)低于外固定支架组(20.83%)(P<0.05)。结论微创内固定支架经皮微创内固定治疗C型老年桡骨远端骨折患者手术效果好,有利于骨折端骨痂生长愈合,术后并发症较少,临床治疗可参考。     

髓内扩张自锁钉与外固定架治疗胫骨开放性骨折的疗效评估

目的评估髓内扩张自锁钉(IESN)和外固定架治疗胫骨开放性骨折的疗效。方法自2003年10月—2005年9月采用髓内扩张自锁钉治疗胫骨开放性骨折41例,与38例采用外固定架治疗胫骨开放性骨折疗效进行对比分析。结果全部病例随访12~20个月,平均15.4个月,IESN组手术时间、术后平均发热时间和住院天数,骨折愈合时间分别为45min,2.3d,21d,9.5周,外固定架组分别为63min,3.2d,27d,13.2周。两组相比差异有统计学意义(t值分别为2.775,2.712,2.874,2.869,P均<0.01);IESN组无骨折延迟愈合及畸形愈合,无感染及内固定失败等并发症,而外固定架组出现9例感染,7例畸形愈合。结论髓内扩张自锁钉内固定在治疗胫骨开放性骨折中损伤小,并发症少,固定可靠,同时最大限度地保护骨断端血运,符合生物力学要求,在治疗胫骨开放性骨折中是一种有效的好方法。     

组合式外固定器治疗胫骨远端开放性骨折的临床应用

目的探讨组合式外固定器治疗胫骨远端开放性骨折的疗效。方法 2007年3月—2008年9月,对20例胫骨远端开放性骨折应用组合式外固定器治疗。结果 20例患者获12～30月(平均18个月)随访,其骨折及创面获得愈合。术后并发症:2例有针道明显感染,2例有严重的踝关节活动时疼痛,1例皮瓣坏死后延迟愈合。结论组合式外固定器治疗胫骨远端开放性骨折,手术操作简单易行,标准化、程序化操作性强,手术风险低且疗效确切。     

人工股骨头置换治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效观察

目的：探讨股骨头置换术治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效。方法对38例股骨粗隆间骨折给予人工股骨头置换术及35例给予切开复位动力髋螺钉（ DHS）钢板内固定术治疗的患者进行随访观察,比较手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后卧床时间、住院时间等指标;根据Harris评分标准,评定术后随访效果。结果平均随访时间18个月（12～36个月）,人工股骨头置换术相对于切开复位动力髋钢板内固定术术后下床活动时间早,并发症少,且骨折复位良好,优良率达94．7％。结论对于股骨粗隆间骨折的患者,人工股骨头置换术具有很好的疗效,可减少术后并发症的发生。     

老年股骨粗隆间骨折的手术治疗：应用DHS与PFNA的疗效比较

目的对动力髋螺钉（dynamichipserew,DHS）内固定和防旋型股骨近端髓内钉（proximalfemoralnailan．tirotation,PFNA）内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效及术后并发症进行对比研究。方法对107例股骨粗隆间骨折患者分别给予DHS和PFNA内固定术,并对患者的骨折类型、术后并发症和总体疗效进行比较。结果两组随访平均28个月（24～36个月）。DHS组术后并发症总发生率显著高于PFNA组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论对于股骨粗隆间骨折的患者,PFNA内固定术具有更好的疗效和更少的术后并发症,但仍需依据骨折类型、骨质疏松情况及内固定生物力学特点选择术式,重视患者术后功能康复锻炼。     

高能量Pilon骨折治疗策略

胫骨Pilon骨折属于关节内骨折且软组织损伤重,因此其处理对骨科医生仍是挑战。本讲座旨在通过复习文献提出一种高能量Pilon骨折的治疗策略。文中简要复习了Pilon骨折的基本知识和分类,对几个有争议的问题进行讨论,并根据研究进展和笔者临床经验提出高能量Pilon骨折的治疗方案,建议采用分期治疗骨折:Ⅰ期采用超关节外支架临时固定,待软组织条件改善后,Ⅱ期行确定性治疗。然而,目前尚无胫骨高能量Pilon骨折的最佳治疗方案。