龙血竭对急性心肌梗死家兔左心功能的保护研究

目的探讨龙血竭对急性心肌梗死家兔左心功能的保护作用。方法将30只家兔随机分为三组,假手术组、心肌梗死组、龙血竭干预组,每组10只。采用左冠状动脉前降支结扎法,建立急性心肌梗死模型。观察HE染色的心肌组织结构变化,测量心率、左心室收缩末压(LVSP)、左心室舒张末压(LVEDP)、左心室内压最大上升速率(+dp/dtmax)、左心室内压最大下降速率(-dp/dtmax)。结果龙血竭干预组心肌组织结构明显好于心肌梗死组;心肌梗死组和龙血竭干预组其心率较假手术组明显减慢,龙血竭干预组心率减慢更明显(P<0.05或0.01)。心肌梗死组、龙血竭干预组与假手术组比较,其LVSP均明显下降、LVEDP均明显升高,而心肌梗死组与龙血竭干预组比较,其LVSP下降更明显、LVEDP升高更明显(P<0.05或0.01)。心肌梗死组和龙血竭干预组其+dp/dtmax和-dp/dtmax均较假手术组明显下降,且心肌梗死组较龙血竭干预组下降更明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论龙血竭对急性心肌梗死家兔左心功能具有较好的保护作用。     

PD98059对11,12-EET及缺血预处置大鼠心功能保护作用的影响

为观察PD980 5 9对给予 11,12 EET或缺血预处置在体大鼠再灌注心功能的影响 ,了解磷酸化ERK1/ERK2的表达在上述心脏保护中的作用 ,使用雄性Wistar大鼠 ,通过结扎 (6 0min)和松开 (30min)冠状动脉左前降支 ,复制缺血 /再灌注模型 ;采用缺血 5min ,再灌注 5min 2次造成缺血预处置 ;6 .2 4× 10 -8mol/L 11,12 EET通过静脉给予。计算机记录再灌注过程中心功能的变化 ;实验结束时取心肌采用Western Blot法测定ERK1/ERK2的表达。结果显示 :再灌注 30min ,I/R组的 +dp/dtmax(收缩期左心室内压上升的最大变化速率 )、-dp/dtmax(舒张期左心室内压下降的最大变化速率 )和LVDP(左心室发展压 )均显著低于SI +I/R组和EET +I/R组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;SI +I/R +PD组的 +dp/dtmax、-dp/dtmax及LVDP均明显低于SI+I/R组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,EET +I/R +PD组的 +dp/dtmax、-dp/dtmax及LVDP明显低于EET +I/R组(P <0 .0 5 )。研究表明 :6 .2 4× 10 -8mol/L 11,12 EET及缺血预处置均有保护心功能的作用 ;这种保护作用通过激活缺血 /再灌注时ERK1/ERK2的表达而实现。     

基质金属蛋白酶9与血浆脑钠素在大鼠急性心肌梗死后的表达

目的:研究急性心肌梗死(AMI)后血浆脑钠素(BNP)与基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)的表达变化及相关关系,探讨血浆BNP浓度与AMI后左室重构的关系.方法:SD大鼠随机分为对照组、心肌梗死后1 d组、心肌梗死后1 w组、心肌梗死后2 w组、心肌梗死后4 w组.结扎大鼠冠状动脉前降支制作AMI模型.行血流动力学检测后,测定各组大鼠血浆BNP浓度及MMP-9,后处死大鼠,取心肌标本测定梗塞面积及心肌胶原含量.结果:心肌梗死各组较对照组左心室舒张末压均显著增加(P＜0.05),平均动脉压、左心室内压最大上升和下降速率则显著降低(P＜0.01);第4周组左心室湿重较其余各组明显增加(P＜0.01).心肌梗死各组BNP、MMP-9表达较同期对照组显著增加(P＜0.01),MMP-9与BNP呈正相关(r=0.81,P＜0.01);心肌胶原含量增加,与左心室内压最大上升和下降速率呈负相关.结论:心梗后BNP与MMP-9明显升高呈动态改变,并且与心室重构及心功能密切相关,心梗后BNP的迅速分泌可能是促进MMP-9表达的原因之一;心梗后同时测定BNP与MMP-9浓度对于判断心功能及心室重构从而间接判断预后有重要意义.     

阿托伐他汀对兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤的实验研究

目的:研究阿托伐他汀(ATV)对心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响及两种ATP依赖的K+(K+-ATP)通道的作用.方法:将健康家兔随机分为对照组、ATv组、ATV+5-HD(A1组)、ATV+HMR1883(A2组).进行30 min局部缺血和30 min再灌注.实验中持续监测左室舒张末期压(LVEDP)、左心室压最大变化速率(±dp/dtmax)的变化,再灌注结束后用伊文蓝和TTC染色法确定缺血和梗死心肌范同.结果:与对照组相比,ATV组及A2组的梗死面积显著减少(P＜0.05),各项心功能指标在再灌注30 min后明显改善(P＜0.05);这种效应能够被5-HD所消除,A1组与对照组相比无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论:ATV对心肌缺血再灌注损伤有早期保护效应.且这种作用可能与心肌线粒体KATP通道有关系.     

间充质干细胞移植早期对心肌细胞凋亡及左心室功能的影响

目的 研究骨髓间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSC) 缺血心肌内移植早期对心肌细胞凋亡、血流动力学及左心室功能的影响.方法 采用密度梯度离心+ 贴壁培养方法分离培养Wistar 大鼠MSC,结扎左前降支建立急性心肌梗死(AMI)模型,结扎后30min 随机分为MSC 组( 于梗死边缘分4 点心肌内注射1×106 /0.1ml 的MSC,10 只),AMI 组( 同法心肌内注射PBS 0.1ml,10 只),假手术组(SHAM 组,5 只).监测细胞移植后72h 血流动力学、超声心动图及TUNEL 心肌细胞凋亡的变化.结果 与SHAM 组相比,AMI 大鼠血流动力学恶化,表现为平均动脉压、左心室收缩压明显下降,左心室舒张末压显著升高,左心室射血分数及缩短分数均显著降低,梗死及缺血区心肌细胞凋亡比例分别为41.6% 和18.9% ;MSC移植减少梗死及缺血区心肌细胞凋亡32% 和51%(P 均<0.01),但对大鼠的平均动脉压、左心室收缩压、左心室舒张末压及左心室功能无明显改善作用(P 均>0.05).结论 MSC 移植早期能减少心肌细胞凋亡但不改善急性心肌梗死后大鼠的心功能.     

黄芪对急性心肌梗死后左心室收缩功能的影响

目的　探讨黄芪对急性心肌梗死后冠心病患者左心室收缩功能的影响。方法　 90例急性心肌梗死患者入选 ,随机分为 3组。分别予以常规治疗、常规治疗 +血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂 (ACEI)、常规治疗 +ACEI +黄芪注射液治疗 3周 ,其后应用经胸壁二维超声彩色多普勒技术检测患者左心室收缩功能。结果　ACEI组和黄芪 +ACEI组患者左室收缩功能较常规治疗组患者显著改善 ,黄芪+ACEI组患者较ACEI组患者心功能改善更为明显 (P <0 .0 5)。结论　黄芪可改善急性心肌梗死后左心室收缩功能。     

P物质对急性心肌缺血大鼠心功能的影响

目的 观察P物质对急性心肌缺血后大鼠心功能的影响. 方法 健康成年雄性SD大鼠48只,体重250-300 g,分在体实验和离体实验两部分,每部分随机分为3组(n=8):手术对照组(sham组)、急性结扎冠脉(coronary artery occlusion,CAO)组和药物干预组.药物干预在体实验干预组(D-SP组)使用神经激肽-1(NK-1)受体拮抗剂(D-SP),离体实验干预组(SP组)使用P物质(substance P,SP).CAO组和药物干预组在体和离体模型均采用结扎冠状动脉左前降支,手术对照组除不结扎冠状动脉外,其余操作同CAO组.CAO前按照不同分组分别给予生理盐水、SP(离体,10-6 mol/L)或D-SP(在体,10-7mol/L).观察记录药物干预前5 min到CAO后60 min内的左心室心功能参数,包括:左心室收缩压(LVSP)、左心室舒张末期压(LVEDP)、左心室最大收缩速率(LV+ dP/dtmax)、左心室最大舒张速率(LV-dP/dtmax)和HR.计算左心室发展压(LVDP=LVSP-LVEDP),同时记录心电图. 结果 与sham组及CAO组相比,CAO前SP和D-SP干预对左室心功能各项参数的影响无统计学意义(P＞0.05).在体实验中,与CAO组相比,NK-1受体拮抗剂(D-SP)组CAO后LV+ dP/dtmax显著升高(P＜0.05),降低LV-dP/dtmax(P ＜O.05).离体研究中,与CAO组相比,SP组CAO后LVEDP明显升高(P＜0.05).SP和D-SP对CAO后心率变化无显著影响(P＞0.05). 结论 P物质通过激活NK-1受体减弱急性心肌缺血后大鼠左心室收缩和舒张功能.     

加味人参四逆汤对急性心肌梗死后心力衰竭大鼠心功能的保护机制研究

【目的】探讨加味人参四逆汤对急性心肌梗死后心力衰竭大鼠心功能的保护作用。【方法】将雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、培哚普利组、中药组。除假手术组,其他3组大鼠采用冠状动脉左前降支结扎方法建立急性心肌梗死后心力衰竭模型,假手术组完成穿刺但未结扎冠状动脉左前降支。成功造模后,培哚普利组、中药组大鼠分别对应给予培哚普利片混悬液、加味人参四逆汤灌胃,假手术组、模型组大鼠给予等体积生理盐水灌胃,共14 d。给药结束后,记录大鼠心脏频率(HR)、左心室内压最大上升速率(+dp/dtmax)、左心室内压最大下降速率(-dp/dtmax)、左心室内压(LVSP)、左心室舒张末期压(LVEDP)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)的变化;酶联免疫吸附分析检测血清中脑利钠肽(BNP)、肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)、血管紧张素Ⅰ(AngⅠ)、醛固酮(ALD)、心房钠尿肽(ANP)和心肌组织丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素1(IL-1)水平;苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察心肌组织变化和纤维化情况。【结果】与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠HR、+dp/dtmax、LVSP、LVEF和心肌组织SOD水平明显降低(P 0.05),-dp/dtmax、LVEDP,血清BNP、cTnT、AngⅠ、ALD、ANP水平和心肌组织MDA、TNF-α、IL-1水平明显升高(P 0.05),心肌结构排列紊乱,出现炎性浸润和心肌纤维化;与模型组比较,中药组大鼠HR、+dp/dtmax、LVSP、LVEF和心肌组织SOD水平明显升高(P 0.05),-dp/dtmax、LVEDP,血清BNP、cTnT、AngⅠ、ALD、ANP水平和心肌组织MDA、TNF-α、IL-1水平明显降低(P 0.05),心肌结构排列紊乱、炎性浸润和心肌纤维化明显减轻。【结论】加味人参四逆汤可以改善急性心肌梗死后心力衰竭大鼠的心功能,改善血流动力学,抑制神经体液因子分泌,减轻心肌氧化应激、炎性浸润和纤维化。     

吸入麻醉药后处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤影响的比较

目的 探讨七氟醚和异氟醚后处理在成年大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤(MIRI)中的心肌保护作用.方法 将成年雄性SD大鼠24只,采用随机数字表法分为对照组(C组)、缺血再灌注组(R组)、七氟醚后处理组(S组)和异氟醚后处理组(I组),每组6只.建立Langendorff离体心脏灌注模型.于平衡灌注末及再灌注30、90 min时记录心率(HR)、左心室舒张末压(LV-EDP)、左心室发展压(LVDP)、左心室压力上升最大速率(LV+ dp/dtmax)和左心室压力下降最大速率(LV-dp/dtmax);灌注结束后,取心尖部心肌组织1 mm3,电镜下观察线粒体结构并评分,剩余心脏组织采用2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)染色法测定心肌梗死面积(MIS).结果 与R组比较,S组和I组心肌再灌注后的心功能指标改善,MIS减小,线粒体损伤减轻(P＜0.05);与S组比较,I组心肌再灌注后的心功能变差,MIS增大,线粒体损伤程度加重(P＜0.05).结论 七氟醚和异氟醚后处理在成年大鼠MIRI中均有保护作用,但七氟醚后处理的心肌保护作用优于异氟醚后处理.     

失血性休克再灌注心肌损伤机制及灵芝多糖的预防作用

目的　探讨失血性休克再灌注 (HS -R)过程中心肌损伤的机制及灵芝多糖 (GLP)的影响。方法　复制家兔HS -R模型 ,随机分成 3组 ,A组为假手术组 ,B组为生理盐水 (NS)再灌注组 ,C组为 1%GLP再灌注组 ,观察平均动脉血压 (MAP)、心功能、血清心肌酶及心肌超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性、丙二醛 (MDA)含量的变化。结果　B、C组动物在失血性休克 4 0min时左心室功能明显降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,血清心肌酶显著升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,B组动物再灌注4 0min时 ,心功能进一步降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,血清心肌酶进一步升高 ,心肌SOD活性明显低于A组 ,MDA含量明显高于A组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;C组动物再灌注 4 0min ,与B组相比 ,心功能明显改善 ,血清心肌酶、心肌MDA含量明显降低 ,心肌SOD活性明显升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　HS -R过程中心肌损伤与脂质过氧化反应增强有关 ,GLP对此损伤有保护作用     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.