苏云金杆菌以色列变种漂浮块剂防制城市小型滋生？…

目的；观察苏云金杆菌以色列变种漂浮块剂的稳定性及防制蚊幼早效果。方法：生物测定及小型滋生地现场试验。结果：该块剂在水中可持续漂浮１４天，且不出现松散现象。其对致 方的ＬＤ５０为０．４２７８ｍｇ／ｍｌ；现场试验结果显示：Ｄ ３．４ｍ＾２水池中，用５、１０、２０ｇ／ｍ＾２剂量，２４小时时致伴 蚊幼虫下降率分别为９４．５％，９１．８％和１００％，持效分别为１１、１３、１７天。相同剂量２４小时白纹伊蚊幼虫     

苏云金杆菌以色列变种漂浮块剂现场灭致乏库蚊效果

应用湖北省医学科学院寄生虫病防治研究所研制的苏云金杆菌以色列变种（Ｂｔｉ）漂浮块剂在现场进行了灭致乏库蚊的效果评价，室内生物测定结果表明；Ｂｔｉ漂浮块剂对致加蚊ＬＤ５０为０．５２０７μｇ／ｍｌ，效价为２３３Ｉ／ｍｌ，在０．４－０．８ｍ＾２现场水缸中，用１０ｇ／ｍ＾２的剂量，第一次投药持１０天出现２龄幼虫，第二次投药特效可保持１１天，因此每１０天投一次药可有效控制水缸中蚊幼虫孳生。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列变种发泡块剂灭白纹伊蚊幼虫的效果研究

目的：比较苏云金芽孢杆菌Bti－951发泡块剂（由本所研制）和Bti－Ft发泡块剂（德国提供）灭白纹伊蚊效果。方法：模拟现场试验和现场试验。结果：室内生物测定，Bti－951发泡块剂LD50为0.2365μg／ml；Bti－Ft发泡块剂LD50为0．0903μg／ml。在3．4～3．7m2现场水池中，两种发泡块剂使用剂量为0．5、1．0、1．5g／m2，制剂24小时灭蚊效果均达100％；当剂量为1．5g／m2时，Bti-951发泡块剂持效15天，Bti－Ft可达20天。结论：该剂型运用于小型水体，便于贮存、携带和使用，比乳剂、粉剂持效更长。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列变种发泡块剂灭白纹伊蚊幼…

目的：比较苏云金芽孢杆菌Ｂｔｉ－９５１发泡块剂和Ｂｔｉ－Ｆｔ发泡块剂灭白纹伊蚊效果。方法：模拟现场试验和现场试验。结果：室内生物测定，Ｂｔｉ－９５１发泡块剂ＬＤ５０为０．２３６５μｇ／ｍｌ；Ｂｔｉ－Ｆｔ发泡块剂ＬＤ５０为０．０９０３μｇ／ｍｌ。     

几种改进的漂浮颗粒剂灭中华按蚊和致倦库蚊的效果

目的：比较几种改进的漂浮颗粒剂灭中华按蚊和致倦库蚊幼虫的效果。方法：现场试验。结果：室内生物测定,Ｂ．ｔ．ｓ－１８７漂浮颗粒剂（荷叶型）ＬＤ５０为０．４０８７μｇ／ｍｌ,Ｂａｃｔｉｍｏｓ颗粒剂（荷叶型）ＬＤ５０为０．９３４４μｇ／ｍｌ,Ｂ．ｓ－Ｃ３－４１漂浮颗粒剂（荷叶型）ＬＤ５０为０．０５９９μｇ／ｍｌ。稻田灭中华按蚊幼虫的效果显示：两种Ｂ．ｔ．ｓ漂浮颗粒剂（荷叶型）０．８１ｇ／ｍ２剂量时,２４ｈ灭蚊效果均可达１００％。１８７漂浮颗粒剂持效可达１１ｄ,Ｂａｃｔｉｍｏｓ漂浮颗粒剂持效为８ｄ。１８７颗粒剂和Ｂ．ｓ－Ｃ３－４１颗粒剂现场灭致倦库蚊的效果显示：在０．６８ｇ／ｍ２剂量时,２４ｈ蚊幼密度下降率分别为１００％和９９．１％,持效分别为９ｄ和８ｄ。结论：采用荷叶粉为主要载体,在自然界中易于分解,不造成污染,而且灭蚊即效和持效均较好。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列变种的两种漂浮颗粒剂灭中华按蚊幼虫效果比较

用美国Ｂａｃｔｉｍｏｓ可湿性粉剂（Ｂｔｉ－１８９７）和国产Ｂｔ－１８７乳剂生产的两种漂浮颗粒剂灭中华按蚊幼虫的结果表明：后者对中华按蚊幼虫的效价（１２０ＩＴＵ／ｍｇ）比前者（３７０ＩＴＵ／ｍｇ）低，但制成颗粒剂后（效价２２０ＩＴＵ／ｍｇ）比前者（效价１３０ＩＴＵ／ｍｇ）高。稻田应用０．８１ｇ／ｍ２剂量Ｂｔ－１８７漂浮颗粒剂控制中华按蚊幼虫，持效可达１６天，Ｂａｃｔｉｍｏｓ漂浮颗粒剂为１３天。     

球形芽孢杆菌发泡块剂灭致乏库蚊幼虫的效果

作者应用球形芽孢杆菌Ｂｓ－９４１发泡块剂（由本所生产）和Ｂｓ－Ｆｔ发泡块剂（德国提供），在实验室和现场进行灭致乏库蚊的效果比较。室内生物测定结果显示：Ｂｓ－９４１发泡块剂ＬＤ_（６０）为０．０１９３μｇ／ｍｌ，Ｂｓ－Ｆｔ发泡块剂ＬＤ_（６０）为０．００７μｇ／ｍｌ．在３．６～４．０ｍ￣２的现孳生地水池中，两种发泡剂使用剂量为０．５，１．０和１．５ｇ／ｍ￣２，制剂４８ｈ的灭蚊效果均可达１００％，当剂量为０．５ｇ／ｍ￣２时，Ｂｓ－９４１发泡块剂持效达１７天，而Ｂｓ－Ｆｔ发泡块剂只有９天；当剂量上升到１．５ｇ／ｍ￣２时，两种发泡剂的持效均可达到２１天。对照组乳剂Ｂｓ－Ｃ_（３ｃ－４１）的浓度为０．９２μｌ／ｌ（与１．５ｇ／ｍ￣２相当）时，持效为９天，说明本所生产的Ｂｓ发泡块剂在中小型挛生地中比Ｂｓ乳剂持效长，并且超过德国Ｂｓ发泡块剂的效果和持效。     

微生物杀虫剂Vectobac G200和C_3-41乳剂杀灭淡色库蚊幼虫的现场效果

两种微生物制剂现场防制淡色库蚊幼虫的效果表明,Vectobac G200颗粒剂按0.5g/m~2、C_3-41乳剂按1ml/m~2施药,可有效地控制淡色库蚊幼虫的孳生,持效均为3天。增加施药剂量可明显增加持效期。上述两种微生物杀虫剂3g/m~2或3ml/m~2在污水中可分别持效7～9天和13天。     

苏云金杆菌CryIVD转基因工程藻不同贮存时间对淡色库蚊不同龄期幼虫的杀灭效果

目的观察苏云金杆菌CryIVD转基因贮存藻对不同龄期淡色库蚊幼虫的杀灭效果。方法大量培养工程藻,干燥后保存,应用不同时间的贮存藻作用于不同龄期淡色库蚊幼虫。结果干燥贮存的工程藻数年后仍有较高的杀蚊毒效,尽管杀蚊毒效较新鲜工程藻有所下降,但在105个/ml数量级不同龄期的幼虫仍有50%以上死亡。对不同龄期淡色库蚊幼虫杀灭效果比较表明,1~3年贮存藻3组比较,在106个/ml数量级浓度的蚊幼虫死亡率差异无统计学意义（F=9.32,P〉0.01）,而贮存1年组和3年组在105个/ml数量级浓度及以下,死亡率差异有统计学意义（F=101.21,P〈0.01）。结论转基因蓝藻在干燥贮存情况下仍能保持毒蛋白的稳定遗传和杀幼虫作用,为今后的现场应用提供更方便的选择。     

苏云金杆菌187毒杀按蚊幼虫剂型研究

本文报告以麦麸制作的Ｂｔ－１８７颗粒剂具有粘菌和漂浮作用，毒杀按蚊幼虫ＬＣ５０比悬乳剂低１６。９倍，室内应用２．５ｐｐｍ第１￣６天按蚊幼虫死亡率为６０￣１００％，稻田使用２．５ｐｐｍ１周内按蚊幼虫的相关密度指数为０．９８￣３２．６。     

Residual effectiveness of pyrethroid-treated foliage against adult Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus in screened field cages

The residual effectiveness of pyrethroid-treated foliage as a barrier against female Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus was evaluated in large screened cage field tests. Individual potted southern wax myrtle, Myrica certifica, plants were treated with either Aqua Reslin 20 + 20 emulsifiable concentrate (EC) (20% active ingredient [AI] permethrin + 20% [AI] piperonyl butoxide), Permanone EC (10% [AI] permethrin), or Suspend suspension concentrate (SC) (4.75% [AI] deltamethrin) at maximum label rates. Generally, Aqua Reslin provided -83% overall reduction of mosquitoes during the week of treatment. After that time, mosquito reduction decreased to <50% and continued at this level for the remainder of the 12-wk study. Mosquito knockdown/mortality from excised Aqua Reslin-treated leaves revealed that this formulation quickly lost effectiveness after the initial week of treatment. Plants treated with Permanone provided =70% and 64% overall reduction during the week of, and first week after treatment, respectively. Knockdown/mortality from excised leaf bioassays of leaves treated with this formulation fell below 50% 2 wk after treatment where it remained for the rest of the study. Suspend generally provided 70 to approximately 80% overall mosquito reduction during the first 4 weeks after treatment and decreased to <50% thereafter. Residues on treated leaves provided >95% overall knockdown/mortality throughout the study and was not correlated with weekly reduction in the field cages. We believe this disparity was in part attributed to new plant growth. Newly formed leaves probably provided nontoxic surfaces for mosquito harborage.     

球形芽孢杆菌C_（3－41）块剂和颗粒剂防制城市致乏库蚊动虫效果评价

本文报道球形芽孢杆菌Ｃ３－４１（下称Ｂ。ｓＣ３－４１）乳剂、颗粒剂和块剂控制致乏库蚊幼虫的效果及其评价。结果表明：乳剂和颗粒剂的即杀效果比块剂好，２００ＩＴＵ／μｌ的Ｂ．ｓＣ３－４１乳剂１、２、３ｍｌ／ｍ２和１４０ＩＴＵ／μｌ的颗粒剂４．８ｇ／ｍ２，４８ｈ平均幼虫下降率．分别为８２～９６％和８８￣１００％；而１６０ＩＴＵ／μｌ的块剂４．８ｇ／ｍ２，４８ｈ平均幼虫下降率只有３３～５６％。３种剂型的持效以块剂为佳，可达３个月以上。     

超低容量喷洒对淡色库蚊和白纹伊蚊灭效评估

目的评估保安定超低容量喷洒对淡色库蚊和白纹伊蚊的现场灭效。方法 WHO推荐挂笼法和现场密度调查法,其中现场密度调查分别采用人帐诱捕法和CO2灯诱法对蚊虫进行诱集。结果挂笼实验中,有效剂量为98.5 g a.i/ha的保安定对淡色库蚊和白纹伊蚊的24 h灭效均达到100%。在分别采用帐诱和灯诱的现场密度调查中,淡色库蚊的平均密度下降率分别为83.68%和80.63%。结论保安定是一种较好的ULV喷洒剂,可以应用于紧急状况下病媒生物的控制。     

Residual effectiveness of three pyrethroids on vegetation against adult Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus in screened field cages

The residual effectiveness of pyrethroid-treated vegetation as a barrier against female host-seeking Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus was evaluated in large screened-cage field tests for 12 wk. Individual potted southern wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera L.) plants were treated with either beta-cyfluthrin (Tempo SC Ultra), lambda-cyhalothrin (Demand CS), or tau-fluvalinate (Mavrik Perimeter) at maximum label rates. Suction mosquito traps (MMX) baited with carbon dioxide placed near plants treated with tau-fluvalinate provided significant overall reduction (approximately 62-80%) of mosquitoes through 2 wk compared with untreated plants. Overall percent knockdown/mortality from excised-leaf bioassays was similar to suction-trap reduction data. However, knockdown/mortality in leaf bioassays was greater for Ae. albopictus than for Cx. quinquefasciatus, whereas no such effect was observed in trap collections. Mosquito abundance in MMX collections near plants treated with beta-cyfluthrin provided similar levels of reduction as tau-fluvalinate-treated plants through 1 wk and 3-4 wk after treatment. Leaf toxicity generally provided approximately > 90% knockdown/mortality on beta-cyfluthrin treated leaves throughout the study. Generally, no consistent difference in trap reduction or weekly knockdown/mortality in leaf bioassays was observed between either mosquito species. Plants treated with lambda-cyhalothrin provided significantly greater overall reduction of mosquitoes (75-83%) from MMX collections for the first 5 wk compared with untreated plants. Knockdown/mortality levels and duration of leaf toxicity from lambda-cyhalothrin- treated leaves was similar to that of beta-cyfluthrin, with no consistent differences between mosquito species.     

95%顺式氯氰菊酯对蚊蝇的毒力研究

目的：测定９５％顺式氯氰菊酯对蚊幼虫、蝇成虫的毒力。方法浸液法和自动微量点滴法。结果：９５％顺式氯氰菊酯对蚊幼虫的ＬＣ５０为０．００１８１ｍｇ／Ｌ,是溴氰菊酯的１．３１倍,其相对毒力是溴氰菊酯的０．７６倍;对蝇成虫的ＬＤ５０为０．００３５９μｇ／虫,是溴氰菊酯的１．７７倍,其相对毒力是溴氰菊酯的０．５６倍。结论：国产９５％顺式氯氰菊酯对蚊蝇有很高的毒力,具有很好的应用前景。