新疆油菜花粉对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠抗氧化作用的实验研究

[目的]观察新疆油菜花粉对D-半乳糖所致衰老小鼠的抗氧化作用.[方法]用D-半乳糖复制亚急性衰老小鼠模型.实验分空白对照组、模型对照组、花粉组(2g.kg-1. d-1和4g.kg<-1.d-1)和维生素E组(100mg.kg-1. d-1),实验6周后处死动物,测定血清、肝脏及脑组织中的丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性.[结果]花粉可显著降低衰老小鼠血清、肝脏及脑组织中的MDA含量,提高SOD、 GSH-Px活性.[结论]花粉有一定的抗衰老作用.     

氯化三丁基锡对雄性小鼠睾酮和雌二醇水平的影响

目的探讨不同剂量氯化三丁基锡(TBTCl)对小鼠雌二醇(E2)、睾酮(T)水平的影响。方法将40只24日龄健康雄性SPF级昆明小鼠按体重随机分为4组,分别为1、0.1、0.01 mg/kg TBTCl染毒组和对照(玉米油)组,每组10只。采用腹腔注射方式染毒,每3天染毒1次,连续染毒25 d,染毒容量为10 ml/kg。观察包皮分离时间和体重变化,检测其血清、睾丸内T、E2水平,并对肝脏内脂肪滴进行病理学观察。结果与0.01 mg/kg TBTCl染毒组比较,对照组和1 mg/kg TBTCl染毒组小鼠体重均较低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。TBTCl染毒组与对照组小鼠包皮分离时间比较,差异无统计学意义。与对照组比较,1 mg/kg TBTCl染毒组小鼠血清和睾丸内T水平中位数均较低,0.01 mg/kg TBTCl染毒组小鼠睾丸内E2水平较低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01)。而小鼠血清E2水平全部低于所用试剂盒的检测限(11 pg/ml)。TBTCl染毒未能导致小鼠肝脏内脂肪滴明显增加。结论 TBTCl暴露可导致小鼠睾酮和雌二醇水平降低,而不同剂量的TBTCl对小鼠的靶作用位点可能不同,导致对暴露小鼠体重的影响呈非单调性剂量-反应关系。     

反复呼吸道感染患儿血清维生素和IGF-1及T淋巴细胞亚群水平及临床意义

目的探究反复呼吸道感染(RRTI)患儿血清维生素、人胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)及T淋巴细胞亚群水平变化及临床意义。方法选取2019年3月-2020年3月间于海南医学院第一附属医院儿科就诊的RRTI患儿120例作为试验组,另择同期于医院进行体检的健康儿童100名作为对照组。比较两组血清维生素、IGF-1及T淋巴细胞亚群水平,并采用Pearson相关性分析法分析血清维生素、IGF-1以及T淋巴细胞亚群水平与儿童RRTI的相关性。结果试验组血清维生素A、D、E、IGF-1及全血CD_3~+T、CD_4~+T、CD_4~+T/CD_8~+T水平均低于对照组(P0.05);而全血CD_8~+T水平高于对照组(P0.05)。血清维生素A、D、E、IGF-1、CD_3~+T、CD_4~+T、CD_4~+T/CD_8~+T水平与儿童RRTI呈负相关(P0.001),CD_8~+T水平与儿童RRTI呈正相关(P0.001)。结论血清维生素的缺乏和免疫功能紊乱与RRTI发病密切相关,临床可通过检测上述指标水平评价RRTI患儿病情,同时可补充维生素、改善免疫功能以降低RRTI发病频率。     

昆明系小鼠被动吸烟肺肿瘤模型的建立

目的参照国外采用吸烟导致小鼠肺肿瘤的实验模型程序和方法,应用昆明系小鼠,探索建立吸烟导致肺肿瘤模型的可行性以及应用此模型评价抗氧化剂对其干预效果。方法将200只小鼠随机分为正常对照组、烟草暴露组、槲皮素干预组和维生素E干预组,除正常对照组外,余3组均在染毒柜中被动吸烟染毒5个月,恢复4个月后处死,进行病理学和抗氧化指标的检测。槲皮素(80 mg.kg-1.d-1)和维生素E(1 00 mg.kg-1.d-1)分别加入饲料中摄入体内,连续喂养9个月。结果烟草暴露组小鼠肺肿瘤发病率为43.5%,每只肺表面的平均肿瘤结节数为1.00±0.29,明显高于对照组(11.8%,0.18±0.09)和维生素E干预组(17.9%,0.32±0.16),差异有显著性(P<0.05);维生素E干预效果最好。维生素E干预组血清中维生素E浓度明显高于其它各组,维生素E干预组活性氧(ROS)活性明显低于其它各组,差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。结论此次应用国产昆明系小鼠成功地建立了烟草暴露导致肺肿瘤模型,但其稳定性需进一步实验验证。应用昆明系小鼠所建立的肺肿瘤模型将为肺肿瘤发生过程及防治措施的研究提供了基础。     

乳腺癌患者血清性激素、IGF-1、VEGF和组织LOX水平与淋巴结转移的相关性分析

目的分析乳腺癌患者血清性激素、胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和组织赖氨酰化酶(LOX)水平与淋巴结转移的相关性。方法回顾性分析2015年2月至2017年12月我院86例行手术治疗的乳腺癌患者临床资料,其中伴淋巴结转移者44例(转移组),无淋巴结转移者42例(无转移组),并将同期入院的40例乳腺良性肿瘤患者纳入良性组。记录3组患者术前血清雌二醇(E2)、睾酮(T)、孕酮(P)、IGF-1、VEGF水平及组织(乳腺癌患者取乳腺癌组织、良性组取良性病变组织)LOX相对表达量差异,并分析乳腺癌患者血清E2、T、P水平、组织LOX相对表达量及IGF-1、VEGF水平与淋巴结转移的相关性。结果 3组术前血清T水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);而血清E2、P、IGF-1、VEGF水平及组织LOX相对表达量比较,均为转移组高于无转移组及良性组(P<0.05),且无转移组高于良性组(P<0.05)。术前,无转移组血清IGF-1、VEGF水平低于转移组(P<0.05);术后4周时,2组血清IGF-1、VEGF水平均较术前降低(P<0.05),且无转移组仍低于转移组(P<0.05)。经Spearman相关性分析发现,乳腺癌患者血清T及P水平与其淋巴结转移无相关性(r=-0.049、0.162,P>0.05),而血清E2、IGF-1、VEGF水平、乳腺癌组织LOX相对表达量与其淋巴结转移呈显著正相关(r=0.825、0.865、0.791、0.750,P<0.05)。结论乳腺癌患者术前血清E2、IGF-1、VEGF水平及组织LOX相对表达量与淋巴结转移状态呈正相关,临床可将血清E2、IGF-1、VEGF水平结合乳腺癌组织LOX表达情况作为预测乳腺癌患者预后的指标。     

学龄前单纯性肥胖儿童血清瘦素、胰岛素及性激素水平

目的:探讨学龄前单纯性肥胖儿童血清瘦素(Leptin)、胰岛素(Ins)、胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3(IGF-BP3)、雌二醇(E2)和睾酮(T)水平,为单纯性肥胖儿童的早期干预提供理论依据。方法:对122例学龄前单纯性肥胖儿童及61例正常儿童血清Leptin、Ins、IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-BP3、E2和T水平进行测定。结果:学龄前单纯性肥胖儿童血清Leptin、Ins、IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-BP3和E2水平明显高于正常对照组(P均0.001),两组间睾酮水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05);肥胖女童血清E2水平明显高于肥胖男童(P0.01),但Leptin、Ins、IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-BP3和睾酮水平肥胖男女童之间差异无统计学意义(P均0.05);大年龄组(5～6岁)肥胖儿童血清Leptin、Ins、IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-BP3、E2和睾酮水平明显高于小年龄组(2～4岁)肥胖儿童(P均0.05)。结论:学龄前单纯性肥胖儿童存在高瘦素血症、高胰岛素血症和肥胖女童的高雌激素血症,是肥胖儿童未来糖尿病、心血管疾病、性早熟等危险因素。     

壬基酚诱发大鼠前列腺增生及对血清中性激素水平的影响

目的研究壬基酚(NP)诱发大鼠前列腺增生及对血清中性激素水平的影响。方法将健康清洁级Wistar雄性大鼠50只按体重随机分为5组,分别为12.5、25、50、100 mg/kg NP染毒组和溶剂对照组(橄榄油),每组10只。皮下注射染毒,1 ml/kg,每天1次,连续染毒30 d。染毒后,分离各叶前列腺组织,称重,计算前列腺系数,检测血清中睾酮(T)、雌二醇(E2)和垂体泌乳素(PRL)的含量,并进行病理学观察。结果染毒后100 mg/kg NP染毒组体重低于溶剂对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各剂量NP染毒组前列腺湿重及其脏器系数间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与溶剂对照组相比,各NP染毒组血清中T水平和12.5 mg/kg NP染毒组血清中E2水平较高,E2/T比值较低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。各NP染毒组血清中PRL水平与溶剂对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。病理学观察显示,各NP染毒组前列腺上皮增生广泛,腺体密集,腺腔内酸性分泌物增多,腺上皮细胞肥大,核增大。结论NP对雄性大鼠前列腺有增生作用,这可能与其改变大鼠体内性激素水平有关。     

学龄前肥胖儿童体质指数与血清瘦素、胰岛素及性激素水平的关系

[目的]研究学龄前肥胖儿童体质指数与血清瘦素、胰岛素及性激素水平的关系. [方法]对122例学龄前肥胖儿童及61例健康正常儿童的瘦素(Leptin)、胰岛素(Ins)、胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3(IGF-BP3)、雌二醇(E2)和睾酮(T)水平进行测定,测量其身高、体重.计算其体质指数(body mass index,BMI),并分析BMI与各激素的相互关系. [结果]①肥胖组儿童BMI及血清Leptin、Ins、IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-BP3和E2水平明显高于正常组,且差异有显著性(P值均<0.001),而两组睾酮水平差异无显著性(P>0.05);相关分析显示肥胖儿童BMI与血清Leptin和Ins水平有明显正相关(r=0.412,r=0.336.P值均<0.001);②正常组儿童BMI与血清Leptin、Ins、IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-BP3、E2和睾酮水平均无相关性(P值均>0.05),③BMI与血清Leptin和Ins水平的相关系数肥胖男童大于肥胖女童,且肥胖女童BMI与血清E2水平有显著正相关(P<0.05),而肥胖男童则无显著相关性(P>0.05);④多元线性回归分析显示肥胖儿童血清Leptin和Ins水平是影响BMI的重要因素(P值均<0.001). [结论]BMI对儿童肥胖的早期诊断、早期干预是非常有意义的.     

结节性甲状腺肿血清胰岛素样生长因子-1水平与摄131Ⅰ率相关性研究

目的 研究结节性甲状腺肿患者血清胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)水平与甲状腺摄131 Ⅰ率的相关性,为临床鉴别甲状腺结节的性质寻找更简捷、安全的方法.方法 60例甲状腺结节患者分为热结节组(30例)和冷结节组(30例),以常规体检的健康人员30例作为对照组.采用放射免疫分析法检测血清IGF-1、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、TSH的含量,常规放射性核素扫描技术检测甲状腺摄131 Ⅰ率.结果 与对照组比较,热结节组患者血清IGF-1 [(315.86±22.74)μg/L]、FT3[(15.32±8.65)pmol/L]、FT4[(86.82±35.22)pmol/L]水平明显增高,摄131 Ⅰ率(0.64±0.17)明显增高,血清TSH[(0.28±0.31)mU/L]水平明显降低,P<0.01.热结节组IGF-1水平与摄131 Ⅰ率呈正相关(r=0.835),与TSH水平呈轻度负相关(r=-0.326).而冷结节组患者血清IGF-1、FT3、FT4、TSH水平与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 血清IGF-1水平与甲状腺摄131 Ⅰ率有一定的相关性.     

丙烯腈对雄性大小鼠血清中性激素水平的影响

目的通过研究丙烯腈(ACN)对雄性大鼠、小鼠生殖性激素水平的影响,探讨ACN诱导生殖毒性的可能机制。方法选用ICR和昆明种小鼠用不同剂量的ACN(0,6.0,12.0,24.0mg/kg)灌胃染毒8周,选用SD雄性大鼠用不同剂量的ACN(0,7.5,15.0,30.0mg/kg)腹腔注射染毒13周,用放射免疫分析法(RIA)检测血清中睾酮(T)及雌二醇(E2)水平;选用出生后22～25d的SD雌性大鼠,一次性腹腔注射不同剂量的ACN(5.0,15.0,30.0mg/kg)染毒,设阴性对照组(溶剂)和阳性对照组(β-雌二醇,剂量30μg/kg),染毒后6h取子宫称重。结果ACN染毒8周后,ICR小鼠血清中T水平均低于对照组,高剂量组与对照组比较差异有显著性(P<0.01);昆明种小鼠血清中T水平也降低,中剂量组与对照组比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。大鼠ACN染毒13周后,低剂量组E2水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05),高剂量组T水平和E2水平明显低于低剂量组(P<0.05),但与对照组比较差异无显著性。雌性SD大鼠染毒后,各剂量组子宫重量与阴性对照组之间差异无显著性,但明显低于阳性对照组。结论ACN能诱导雄性大鼠、小鼠血清性激素水平改变,对雄性大鼠、小鼠生殖内分泌系统有影响,在本实验条件下ACN没有出现雌激素样作用。     

辅助性T细胞17和调节性T细胞在子宫内膜癌组织中的表达及意义

目的探讨辅助性T细胞17(Th17)和调节性T细胞(Treg)在子宫内膜癌中的表达及意义。方法将上海市第一人民医院宝山分院2014-2015年收治的30例子宫内膜癌患者列为研究组,38例子宫肌瘤患者列为对照组。应用免疫组织化学染色法,分别检测两组患者标本Th17和Treg细胞表达情况。结果研究组Th17和Treg的表达较对照组明显升高(P0.05),研究组中,进展期、中低分化组Th17和Treg表达显著高于早期、高分化组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),Th17和Treg之间有关联,但在子宫内膜癌进展期关联性差。结论 Th17和Treg参与子宫内膜癌的发生发展,随着肿瘤进展,Treg/Th17存在失衡现象。     

引文网络加速转化医学T1-T2-T3阶段的转化进程

Dougherty和Conway的转化医学“3T”模式体现了T1（基础研究到临床有效性研究）、T2（临床有效性研究到临床疗效研究）、T3（临床疗效研究到与经济有关的研究和改进医疗服务质量）阶段的相互转化过程,可作为测量转化研究的基础框架。文献之间的引用与被引用关系形成的“引文网络（citation network）” 揭示出具体领域的转化地带、转化路径和转化时滞,可使科研人员把握该领域转化研究的关键内容与路线图,促进研究从上游吸收和向下游转化,最终加速转化医学进程。利用文献的引文网络可对不同研究阶段之间的转化关系进行测量。本文基于文献“引文网络”分析方法,介绍“3T”模式下的转化研究测量模型。     

Four years of a comparative study with Nova T and Copper T 200 IUDS

Follow-up data from a randomized use-effectiveness study with Nova T and Copper T 200 have been analyzed at 48 months. The insertions were performed in clinics in Denmark, Finland and Sweden using the same study design protocol and data collection. The total experience of 1865 insertions includes 336 insertions immediately after legal abortion and covers 51,630 months of use. The results were calculated separately for the postmenstrual insertions of 1529 women. The cumulative pregnancy rate in the Nova T group was significantly lower (p < 0.01) than that in the Copper T 200 group. Cumulative rates of expulsion and removals because of bleeding and pain, infection and planning pregnancy were not significantly different for the two IUDs. The continuation rate for Nova T at four years was 39.6 and for Copper T, 40.4. In the post-menstrual series the removal rates were lower than in the total series except for the removal rate for planning pregnancy, which was higher. The continuation rate in the postmenstrual series was 43.2 for Nova T and 42.4 for Copper T 200 at four years. The annual gross rates of pregnancy were lower every year for Nova T than for Copper T. During the last year, the pregnancy rate for Nova T was only 0.3 and it was 0.6 for Copper T. The Pearl index was analyzed for the total experience at different years and was 0.8 for Nova T at four years and 2.0 for Copper T 200. Both IUDs had the same long-lasting copper-wire having a surface area of 200 mm². The better protection against pregnancy in patients using Nova T was therefore due to the design of the Nova T. The lost to follow-up rate was low; the observations were incomplete at 48 months only in 12 percent of the patients.     

3.0T MR对T1加权成像的影响

本文分析了3.0TMR对T1加权成像的影响,简单介绍了3.0TMR改善T1加权成像的几种方法。     

Two-year rates for Nova T and Copper T in a comparative study

A random assignment comparative study between Nova T and Copper T 200 after two years of use revealed that the Nova T resulted in a significantly lower pregnancy rate than the Copper T. The study was performed simultaneously in Denmark, Sweden and Finland. The pregnancy rate in Nova T users was lower than in Copper T users in every country and in every age and parity group. There was no clinic effect in the pregnancy rate of Nova T users. The other termination rates of these two devices were not significantly different. The first segment continuation rates at two years of postmenstrual insertions were 64.7 for Nova T and 65.5 for Copper T 200. It seems that Nova T is an improved copper-releasing IUD.     

HIV与T细胞凋亡

T细胞介导的细胞免疫为机体消除或抑制艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染所必需,其中又以CD4+T细胞和细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)细胞为主,同时两者又是HIV感染的主要受害者。观察发现,CD4+T细胞的凋亡数量远远超过了被感染细胞,这与HIV蛋白、激活介导细胞死亡(AICD)、细胞因子生成紊乱密切相关。本文从以上三方面综述了HIV感染者体内CD4+T细胞衰竭机制,并从Th细胞与CTL相互作用的角度,总结了Th细胞减少对机体细胞免疫的影响。     

Memory T cells and vaccines

T lymphocytes play a central role in the generation of a protective immune response in many microbial infections. After immunization, dendritic cells take up microbial antigens and traffic to draining lymph nodes where they present processed antigens to na?ve T cells. These na?ve T cells are stimulated to proliferate and differentiate into effector and memory T cells. Activated, effector and memory T cells provide B cell help in the lymph nodes and traffic to sites of infection where they secrete anti-microbial cytokines and kill infected cells. At least two types of memory cells have been defined in humans based on their functional and migratory properties. T central-memory (T(CM)) cells are found predominantly in lymphoid organs and can not be immediately activated, whereas T effector-memory (T(EM)) cells are found predominantly in peripheral tissue and sites of inflammation and exhibit rapid effector function. Most currently licensed vaccines induce antibody responses capable of mediating long-term protection against lytic viruses such as influenza and small pox. In contrast, vaccines against chronic pathogens that require cell-mediated immune responses to control, such as malaria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), are currently not available or are ineffective. Understanding the mechanisms by which long-lived cellular immune responses are generated following vaccination should facilitate the development of safe and effective vaccines against these emerging diseases. Here, we review the current literature with respect to memory T cells and their implications to vaccine development.     

Blood pressure and the T174M and M235T polymorphisms of the angiotensinogen gene.

PURPOSE: The angiotensinogen gene (AGT), which encodes the precursor of the vasoactive hormone angiotensin II, has been reported to be associated with hypertension in Caucasian and Japanese populations. We examined the relationship between two common molecular variants of AGT, T174M and M235T and blood pressure in two cohorts from the Anqing region of China. Cohort I (N = 794) consisted of families ascertained by either hypertensive or hypotensive siblings; and Cohort II (N = 761) represented a collection of randomly selected families. METHODS: Blood pressure was measured according to standard protocols, and information on age, sex, body mass index, alcohol consumption, and cigarette smoking was collected by trained interviewers using standardized questionnaires. The association of AGT genotypes and blood pressure was examined in multivariate linear regression models, with adjustment for potential intrafamilial correlations. The respective T and M allele frequencies for T174M were 0.93 and 0.07, and 0.80 and 0.20 for M235T among the parents for randomly selected families. All the analyses were conducted after exclusion of individuals currently under antihypertensive medication. RESULTS: In the pooled analysis of the two cohorts, neither the T174M nor the M235T polymorphism was significantly associated with variations of blood pressure assuming a recessive (T174M: p = 0.73 and 0.61; M235T: p = 0.99 and 0.24; for SBP and DBP), dominant (T174M: p = 0.54 and 0.72; M235T: p = 0.79 and 0.12; for SBP and DBP), or additive (T174M: p = 0.52 and 0.67, M235T: p = 0.91 and 0.11; for SBP and DBP) model. Likewise, no statistically significant association was detected when the two cohorts were analyzed separately. The logistic regression analysis of hypertension also failed to reveal any association with these markers. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, our analyses suggest that the molecular variants of AGT may not be associated with variations of blood pressure in this rural Chinese population.