乙肝表面抗原阳性意味着什么

常有人问起关于乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg）阳性的问题,事实上乙肝表面抗原阳性的人很多,在我国约有1.2亿。     

孕妇乙肝表面抗原阳性对胎儿宫内感染的影响

目的探索孕妇乙肝表面抗原阳性对胎儿宫内感染的影响。方法选取2014年6月-2017年9月在中国贵航集团302医院接受治疗的133例乙肝表面抗原阳性孕妇为研究对象,按照乙肝检查结果将乙肝表面抗原阳性组妇女分为四组,32例乙肝表面抗原、乙肝E抗原以及乙肝核心抗体均为阳性的患者为A组,80例乙肝表面抗原、乙肝E抗体以及乙肝核心抗体均为阳性的患者为B组,11例乙肝表面抗原、乙肝核心抗体为阳性的患者为C组,10例乙肝表面抗原、乙肝E抗原为阳性的患者为D组。结果 133例乙肝表面抗原阳性妇女共分娩出新生儿133例,其中15例(11.28%)患儿出现乙肝表面抗原阳性。唾液中乙肝表面抗原检出例数B组产妇最高。结论乙肝大三阳是影响胎儿宫内感染的重要危险因素,严重威胁着胎儿的身体健康。     

放射作业者乙肝表面抗原阳性与白细胞减少的分析

众所周知造血组织是对电离辐射最敏感的组织之一。而白细胞减少症又是诊断慢性放射病的重要指征之一。在白细胞减少症中,除了受射线影响外,还受其他理化因素及各种疾病的影响,尤其肝脏病变在鉴别诊断中有很重要的意义,为探讨白细胞减少与乙肝表面抗原阳性的关系,我们对1941例放射作业者的血象进行了分析,现将结果分析如下: 一、一般情况 选用1996年天津市放射作业者健康监护资料放射作业者1941例,其中男性1430例,女     

社会支持对乙型肝炎孕产妇心理的影响

目的 探讨社会支持情况对乙肝表面抗原阳性孕产妇心理的影响.方法 随机抽取门诊或住院部就诊的乙肝表面抗原阳性孕产妇67例.采用社会支持评定量表评定乙肝表面抗原阳性孕产妇的社会支持情况;采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表、汉密尔顿焦虑量表及症状自评量表评定乙肝表面抗原阳性孕产妇的心理状况.结果 抑郁和焦虑均与社会支持呈负相关(,分别为-0.17、-0.22,均P<0.05);症状自评总分与社会支持总分、主观客观支持及支持利用度均呈负相关(r分别为-0.18、-0.07、-0.18,均P<0.05).结论 社会支持程度与乙肝表面抗原阳性孕产妇负性心理情绪反应有联系.在怀孕期间加强家庭、社会、医务人员的社会支持力度,培养乙肝表面抗原阳性孕产妇利用社会支持的能力有助于降低其分娩应激水平.     

孕妇社会支持与产前焦虑水平的相关性研究

目的 了解孕妇孕期社会支持情况及焦虑状况,并探讨孕妇社会支持与焦虑水平的相关性,为提高产前护理质量提供依据.方法 本研究为描述性研究,选择2009年10月～12月就诊湘雅二医院门诊的初产孕妇121例进行问卷调查,问卷包括一般资料问卷、社会支持量表和焦虑状态-特质问卷.结果 孕期孕妇的社会支持总得分39.65±5.95,主观支持得分20.88±4.00,客观支持得分9.27±1.98,利用得分8.59±1.57,状态焦虑得分35.09±9.28,特质焦虑得分35.96±8.68.社会支持总得分与状态焦虑的相关系数为-0.80897,P<0.05;与特质焦虑的相关系数为-0.84572,P<0.01.结论 孕妇孕期社会支持与焦虑水平相关,提示临床工作中应提供孕妇更多的社会支持,从而减轻孕妇焦虑水平,促进母儿健康.     

乙肝表面抗原阳性病人的家庭预防指导

病毒性乙性肝炎是我国最严重的公共卫生问题之一，据调查，我国人群中有60％的人感染过乙肝病毒(HBV)，10％的人为HBV表面抗原(HBsAg)携带者，部分乙肝病毒携带者还将发展为肝炎、肝硬化，少部分慢性肝病患者还将转变为肝癌。乙肝病毒携带者在人托、入学、就业、婚姻等方面受到很大的影响，引起一系列的社会问题，这已经引起     

抗结核药物对乙肝表面抗原阳性肺结核患者肝功能的影响

目的:评估抗结核化疗对乙肝表面抗原(表抗)阳性肺结核患者肝功能的影响.方法:将64例乙肝表抗阳性的肺结核患者随机等分为HRZE组和HBAL组,比较两组患者在治疗前后每周和巩固期每月的肝功能.结果:两种治疗方案对患者肝功能的影响差异有统计学意义,HBAL方案对肝功能的影响较小.结论:抗结核药物易造成肝损害,推荐肺结核合并...     

社会支持及相关社会心理因素与产前抑郁、焦虑状况相关性研究

目的了解社会支持现状及社会心理因素对孕妇产前抑郁、焦虑状况的影响。方法应用抑郁自评量表(SDS)、Beck焦虑自评量表(SAS)、社会支持量表(SSQ)和相关社会心理因素调查表对564名孕35周以上产前孕妇进行调查。结果孕妇出现抑郁症状的发生率为34.9%;出现焦虑症状的发生率23.8%。产前抑郁组社会支持总分和客观支持分明显低于正常组(P<0.05)。与产前抑郁相关的社会心理因素主要有:缺乏双方父母支持、对顺产和剖腹产的优缺点不了解、担心自己的不良习惯;与产前焦虑相关社会心理因素主要有:缺乏双方父母支持、担心产后避孕问题、本人有严重的痛经或经前紧张综合症、担心丈夫的不良习惯对胎儿的健康造成影响等(P<0.05)。结论产前抑郁症状的发生与社会支持度较低,及相关社会心理因素有关;缺乏父母的支持、对胎儿健康的担心等因素是影响孕妇心理状态的主要因素。应有针对性地对孕妇开展产前心理卫生健康教育和心理咨询工作。     

孕妇社会支持与产前抑郁情绪关系的探讨

目的探讨孕妇社会支持与产前抑郁情绪的关系。方法对91例孕妇进行爱丁堡抑郁量表(Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale,EPDS)和社会支持评定量表(Social Support Rate Scale,SSRS)调查,并对结果进行分析。结果20例(21.98%)孕妇EPDS评分高于13分,抑郁组的社会支持总得分、客观支持得分、主观支持得分均低于正常组,且有统计学意义(P<0.05),利用得分也低于正常组,但无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论部分孕妇存在产前抑郁情绪,其发生可能与社会支持程度有关。     

死胎及胎儿畸形引产后孕妇心理特征与社会及家庭支持的相关性分析

目的分析死胎及胎儿畸形引产后孕妇心理特征与社会及家庭支持的相关性,为相关临床工作提供指导信息。方法选取甘肃省妇幼保健院2017年12月-2018年12月170例死胎及胎儿畸形引产后孕妇的相关资料进行总结,包括一般资料,焦虑、抑郁发生情况,社会及家庭支持情况。分别采用自制一般资料调查问卷、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)以及家庭关怀度指数量表(APGAR)进行评估。结果 170例死胎及胎儿畸形引产后孕妇SAS、SDS评分分别为(51.9±4.0)分和(51.3±4.4)分,其中存在焦虑、抑郁的孕妇分别为93例和71例。170例死胎及胎儿畸形引产后孕妇SSRS、APGAR评分分别为(42.9±3.7)分、(7.8±2.0)分。存在焦虑、抑郁的孕妇SSRS、APGAR评分显著低于无焦虑、抑郁的孕妇,评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),并且死胎及胎儿畸形引产后孕妇的SAS、SDS评分与SSRS、APGAR评分呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。结论死胎及胎儿畸形引产后孕妇容易出现焦虑、抑郁,且不良心理状态的出现与社会及家庭支持呈显著负相关,临床工作者可以采取针对性措施提高社会及家庭支持度,降低孕妇焦虑、抑郁的发生,促进孕妇的身心康复。     

Social Support,Marital Adjustment,and Psychological Distress Among Women With Primary Infertility in Pakistan

This study aimed to identify prevalence rates of psychological distress among Pakistani women seeking help for primary infertility. The associations of social support, marital adjustment, and sociodemographic factors with psychological distress were also examined. A total of 177 women with primary infertility were interviewed from one hospital in Islamabad using a Self-Reporting Questionnaire, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the Locke-Wallace Marital Adjustment Test. The data were collected between November 2012 and March 2013. The prevalence of psychological distress was 37.3 percent. The results of the logistic regression suggested that marital adjustment and social support were significantly negatively associated with psychological distress in this sample. These associations were not confounded by any of the demographic variables controlled in the multivariable regression models. The role of perceived social support and adjustment in marriage among women experiencing primary infertility are important factors in understanding their psychological distress. The results of this small-scale effort highlight the need for social and familial awareness to help tackle the psychological distress related to infertility. Future research needs to focus on the way the experience of infertility is conditioned by social structural realities. New ways need to be developed to better take into account the process and nature of the infertility experience.     

孕产妇焦虑和抑郁的相关社会因素分析

妊娠是一个特殊的生理过程,在此期间孕产妇的心理特征与生理变化密切相关.随着医学模式的转变,孕产妇的心理健康也开始受到关注,而焦虑和抑郁是孕产期最常见的两种负性情绪.在明确孕产妇焦虑和抑郁发生率的基础上,分析了孕产妇焦虑和抑郁对其自身及胎儿健康的影响,总结了孕产妇焦虑和抑郁的相关社会因素.     

Social Physique Anxiety in Competitive Women Athletes

Social physique anxiety (SPA) is the anxiety that people feel when their physique or body is evaluated by others. This research explored the relationships among SPA, type of sport participation, and body size in female athletes. It was hypothesized that elite women athletes would have lower levels of SPA than nonelite athletes and that lightweight women athletes would have lower levels of SPA than heavyweight athletes. In Study 1, one hundred four women rowers participating in the World Indoor Rowing Championships completed the Social Physique Anxiety Scale (SPAS; Hart et al., 1989) and a demographic questionnaire. With regard to SPA for female rowers, there were no significant differences involving elite status and weight class. In Study 2, one hundred thirteen women swimmers of various competitive levels (NCAA Division I, NCAA Division III, recreational) completed the SPAS and a demographic questionnaire. ANOVA indicated that NCAA Division I swimmers had lower SPA than recreational swimmers and that lightweight swimmers had lower SPA than heavyweight swimmers. The role of specific sport demands as they relate to SPA were discussed.     

2198例孕产妇HIV监测结果分析

目的了解孕产妇艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染状况,为预防艾滋病母婴传播工作提供依据。方法按照《全国艾滋病哨点监测实施方案(试行)》要求开展调查采样工作,HIV检测采用ELISA筛查和蛋白印迹(WB)法确认。结果共调查2198名孕产妇,其艾滋病知识总知晓率为74.55%。检出2例HIV抗体阳性者,HIV抗体阳性率为0.91‰。结论对孕产妇HIV进行监测,可掌握当地孕产妇人群中HIV的感染状况,以及她们对艾滋病防治知识的知晓情况。加强宣传教育,早期发现、早期管理HIV阳性孕妇,进行药物干预,可有效地降低HIV感染率阻止母婴垂直传播。     

产前抑郁水平与社会支持及生活事件相互关系研究

目的了解产前抑郁现状及其与社会支持、生活事件的关系,为做好孕期心理保健工作提供基础资料。方法采用自评抑郁量表（SDS）、社会支持量表（SSRS）和生活事件量表（LES）,选取在越秀区孕妇学校学习的619名孕妇进行问卷调查。结果抑郁发生率为30．7％,其中轻度为22．9％,中度为7．o％,重度为0．8％。孕前抑郁水平与社会支持总和、客观支持和支持利用显著负相关（r=-0．174,-0．290,-0．129,P〈0．05）,与生活事件总刺激、家庭有关问题和负性事件显著正相关（r=0．126,0．104,0．125,P〈0．05）;多元回归分析表明：客观支持是产前抑郁的保护因素。负性生活事件则是其危险因素。结论提供良好的社会支持,减少生活事件的刺激,将有助于减少产前抑郁的发生。     

高职学生抑郁倾向与社会支持类型

目的探讨高职学生社会支持的类型特点。方法采用抑郁量表和社会支持评定量表,对255名高职学生进行调查。结果社会支持的三个维度以及支持总分在年级上无显著差异,而在性别上却差异显著;抑郁总分与社会支持的三个维度存在显著的负相关;高低抑郁倾向者的社会支持类型存在显著差异。结论高职学生的抑郁倾向与社会支持呈显著的负相关。     

Anxiety and Depression Symptoms Among Farmers: The HUNT Study,Norway

Agriculture has undergone profound changes, and farmers face a wide variety of stressors. Our aim was to study the levels of anxiety and depression symptoms among Norwegian farmers compared with other occupational groups. Working participants in the HUNT3 Survey (The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study, 2006–2008), aged 19–66.9 years, were included in this cross-sectional study. We compared farmers (women, n = 317; men, n = 1,100) with HUNT3 participants working in other occupational groups (women, n = 13,429; men, n = 10,026), classified according to socioeconomic status. We used the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to measure anxiety and depression symptoms. Both male and female farmers had higher levels of depression symptoms than the general working population, but the levels of anxiety symptoms did not differ. The differences in depression symptom levels between farmers and the general working population increased with age. In an age-adjusted logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio (OR) for depression caseness (HADS-D ≥8) when compared with the general working population was 1.49 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–1.83) in men and 1.29 (95% CI: 0.85–1.95) in women. Male farmers had a higher OR of depression caseness than any other occupational group (OR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.52–2.49, using higher-grade professionals as reference). Female farmers had an OR similar to men (2.00, 95% CI: 1.26–3.17), but lower than other manual occupations. We found that farmers had high levels of depression symptoms and average levels of anxiety symptoms compared with other occupational groups.     

Depression and Anxiety in Women During Pregnancy in Slovenia

Objective

The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of elevated depression and anxiety among pregnant women and to examine its correlation with medical complications and socio-demographic characteristics.

Methods

The study is based on a cross-sectional design of a sample of 348 women in three trimesters of pregnancy who received routine obstetrical care at the University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. The responding women filled out a questionnaire on socio-demographic variables, the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale CES-D and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory STAI.

Results

21.7% of pregnant women were identified as suffering from elevated depression symptomatology, 15.7% reported high state anxiety and 12.5% had high trait anxiety. No significant differences in depression and anxiety across pregnancy trimesters were found. The women who have suffered from health complications during previous pregnancies showed higher state anxiety; those experiencing complications during their current pregnancy reported more intense symptoms of depression and of state and trait anxiety than women free of complications. Less educated, lower income and mothers of many children in the third pregnancy trimester reported more intensive symptoms of depression and trait anxiety.

Conclusions

Elevated depression and anxiety are frequent among pregnant women. The results draw attention to the need for early detection and treatment of depression and anxiety during pregnancy.