三氧化二砷对伊马替尼耐药bcr-abl基因突变细胞株生长抑制作用的研究

目的 探讨三氧化二砷(As2O3)在体外对伊马替尼(IM)耐药bcr-abl基因突变细胞株(简称IM耐药细胞株)的生长抑制作用.方法 采用MTT比色法观察IM敏感细胞株32Dp210和包括32Dp210T3151等15种IM耐药细胞株的细胞增殖能力.选择其中5种慢性粒细胞白血病(CML)常见基因突变型细胞株,经膜联蛋白V(Annexin V)标记流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡,Westem blot检测bcr-abl融合蛋白、CRKL磷酸化及细胞凋亡相关蛋白表达的,变化.结果 32Dp210T3151等15种IM耐药细胞株具有不同程度的IM耐药性(IC50为IM敏感细胞株32Dp210的1.5～25.0倍).As2O3对IM耐药细胞株的IC50值仅为32Dp210细胞的0.18～0.34.将5种CML常见的IM耐药细胞株与32Dp210比较发现,As2O3更显著地旱剂量依赖性抑制IM耐药细胞株bcr-abl融合蛋白、磷酸化CRKL蛋白的表达,诱导细胞凋亡的作用也明显强于32Dp210.4 μmol/L As2O3可激活5种突变细胞的caspase-3、8、9蛋白表达.结论 As2O3在体外对IM耐药细胞株具有比IM敏感细胞株更显著的生长抑制和诱导凋亡的作用,细胞凋亡的产生主要与caspase-3、8、9蛋白的激活有关,提示As2O3可能成为治疗IM耐药CML患者的新选择.     

Arsenic trioxide inhibits growth of human multiple myeloma cells in the bone marrow microenvironment

Multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable with current therapies, and novel biologically based therapies are urgently needed. Thalidomide and its analogues, as well as proteasome inhibitors, are examples of such novel agents that target both the myeloma cell and its microenvironment and can overcome classical drug resistance. In this study we demonstrate that arsenic trioxide (As2O3) mediates anti-MM activity both directly on tumor cells and indirectly by inhibiting production of myeloma growth and survival factors in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. Specifically, As2O3 at clinically achievable levels (2-5 microM) induces apoptosis even of drug-resistant MM cell lines and patient cells via caspase-9 activation, enhances the MM cell apoptosis induced by dexamethasone, and can overcome the antiapoptotic effects of interleukin 6. As2O3 also acts in the BM microenvironment to decrease MM cell binding to BM stromal cells, inhibits interleukin 6 and vascular endothelial growth factor secretion induced by MM cell adhesion, and blocks proliferation of MM cells adherent to BM stromal cells. These studies provide the rationale for clinical trials of As2O3, either alone or together with dexamethasone, to overcome classical drug resistance and improve outcome in patients with MM.     

Carboxyamido-triazole inhibits angiogenesis by blocking the calcium-mediated nitric-oxide synthase-vascular endothelial growth factor pathway

The induction of angiogenesis is known to play a critical role in the successful growth, invasion, and metastasis of a tumor. A tumor will not grow beyond a few cubic millimeters without the formation of its own capillary network. Several antiangiogenic agents are under investigation in the clinic setting for the treatment of cancer. Carboxyamido-triazole (CAI), an inhibitor of Ca(2+)-mediated signal transduction, has been previously shown to inhibit angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo and to down-regulate matrix metalloproteinase-2 in vitro. Diminished levels of intracellular Ca(2+) result in decreased nitric-oxide synthase (NOS) activity and thereby inhibit the production and release of NO. The antiangiogenic activity of CAI was investigated by assessing microvessel growth from rat aortic segments and in cell culture using human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). With these models, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and NOS production and secretion were evaluated. CAI concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 12.0 microg/ml inhibited new microvessel formation in rat aortic cultures and HAEC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, HAECs treated with CAI showed a dose-dependent decrease of NOS expression and a decrease in both VEGF expression and secretion. Rat aortic segments demonstrated decreased VEGF expression in situ on immunostaining. These data suggest that modulation of the NOS-NO-VEGF pathway through Ca(2+)-mediated signaling by CAI inhibits angiogenesis in vitro.     

DMU-212 inhibits tumor growth in xenograft model of human ovarian cancer

DMU-212 has been shown to evoke a mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in transformed fibroblasts and breast cancer. However, recently published data indicated the ability of DMU-212 to evoke apoptosis in both mitochondria- and receptor-mediated manner in two ovarian cancer cell lines, namely A-2780 and SKOV-3, which showed varied sensitivity to the compound tested. The pronounced cytotoxic effects of DMU-212 observed in A-2780 cells were related to the execution of extracellular apoptosis pathway and cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase. In view of the great anticancer potential of DMU-212 against A-2780 cell line, the aim of the current study was to assess antiproliferative activity of DMU-212 in xenograft model of ovarian cancer. To evaluate in vitro metabolic properties of cells that were to be injected into SCID mice, uptake and decline of DMU-212 in A-2780 ovarian cancer cell line was investigated. It was found that the concentration of the test compound in A-2780 cells was growing within first eight hours, and then the gradual decline was observed. A-2780 cells stably transfected with pcDNA3.1/Zeo(-)-Luc vector were subcutaneously inoculated into the right flanks of SCID mice. After seven days of the treatment with DMU-212 (50 mg/kg b.w), tumor growth appeared to be suppressed in the animals treated with the compound tested. At day 14 of the experiment, tumor burden in mice treated with DMU-212 was significantly lower, as compared to untreated controls. Our findings suggest that DMU-212 might be considered as a potential anticancer agent used in ovarian cancer therapy.     

三氧化二砷抑制K562/ADM细胞 P-糖蛋白表达并提高化疗药物的敏感性

目的 研究三氧化二砷（As2O3)对人多药耐药白血病细胞K562/ADM的诱导凋亡作用和对P-糖蛋白（P-gp)表达及功能的影响。以及As2O3与常规化疗药物对耐药细胞的联合效应。方法 以白血病多药耐药细胞系K562/ADM为As2O3作用的靶细胞，用MTT比色法检测细胞增殖活性。光镜，激光共聚焦显微镜和电镜观察形态学变化，流式细胞术进行细胞周期分析和P-gp表达的检测，激光共聚焦显微镜检测P-gp功能。结果 K562/ADM细胞对阿霉素（ADM）高度耐受，并与柔红霉素（DNR）和足叶乙甙（Vp16)交叉耐药，0.5-20.0μmol/LAs2O3抑制K562/ADM细胞增殖。抑制活性高于K562细胞。经As2O3诱导后K562/ADM细胞出现典型的凋亡形态学变化和亚G1期细胞比例增高等凋亡特征性改变。As2O3下调K562/ADM细胞P-gp的表达并抑制其功能，增加K562/ADM细胞对ADM，DNR和Vp16的敏感性。结论 As2O3能够诱导白血病多药耐药细胞凋亡。并通过抑制耐药细胞P-gp的表达和功能提高耐药白血病细胞对常规化疗药物的敏感性。     

Pentoxifylline inhibits melanoma tumor growth and angiogenesis by targeting STAT3 signaling pathway

Pentoxifylline (PTX), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, has been shown to have anti-metastatic or anti-angiogenic activity against many human cancers. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In this study, we report that, PTX at sub-toxic doses can inhibit melanoma tumor growth and angiogenesis by targeting the STAT3 signaling pathway. Despite minimal cytotoxicity against normal cells, PTX suppressed phosphorylation and DNA binding of STAT3 in a dose-dependent manner. Also, PTX inhibited phosphorylation of the upstream kinases JAK1 and JAK2 and increased the expression of pSHP2 phosphatase. Expression of various STAT3 regulated gene products, such as cylinD1, CDK6, cMyc, BclXL, and VEGF was downregulated following PTX treatment. Tumor microenvironment favours tumor growth and metastasis. PTX alters tumor microenvironment by limiting IL-6 secretion and also by disrupting VEGF–VEGFR2 autocrine/paracrine signaling. PTX treatment significantly inhibited tumor growth and angiogenesis in intra-dermal xenograft mouse model in vivo without having any visible toxicity. These findings identified STAT3 signaling as a target of PTX and have thus, augmented its potential application in the treatment of melanoma and other cancers.     

三氧化二砷诱导卵巢癌细胞系SKOV3细胞凋亡的作用和机制

目的观察三氧化二砷(ATO)诱导人卵巢癌细胞系SKOV3细胞的凋亡作用和凋亡通路分子caspase 3、PARP,凋亡相关蛋白p-AKT、AKT蛋白表达的变化。方法分别用不同剂量的三氧化二砷作用人卵巢癌细胞系SKOV3细胞,应用MTT比色法检测培养48 h的细胞存活率,应用流式细胞仪测定培养48 h细胞凋亡的变化,免疫印迹法检测凋亡蛋白caspase 3、PARP和凋亡相关蛋白p-AKT、AKT的表达情况。结果 MTT示三氧化二砷能明显抑制SKOV3细胞增殖;流式细胞术显示三氧化二砷诱导SKOV3细胞凋亡,且具有明显的剂量依赖性;Western blotting检测发现药物能显著下调caspase 3、PARP、p-AKT的表达水平。结论三氧化二砷能显著抑制人卵巢癌细胞系SKOV3细胞增殖,诱导其凋亡,激活凋亡通路分子caspase 3、PARP,下调p-AKT蛋白表达水平,这可能是三氧化二砷诱导人卵巢癌细胞SKOV3细胞凋亡的作用机制。     

Neutral endopeptidase inhibits prostate cancer cell migration by blocking focal adhesion kinase signaling

Neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (NEP, CD10) is a cell-surface enzyme expressed by prostatic epithelial cells that cleaves and inactivates neuropeptides implicated in the growth of androgen-independent prostate cancer (PC). NEP substrates such as bombesin and endothelin-1 induce cell migration. We investigated the mechanisms of NEP regulation of cell migration in PC cells, including regulation of phosphorylation on tyrosine of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Western analyses and cell migration assays revealed an inverse correlation between NEP expression and the levels of FAK phosphorylation and cell migration in PC cell lines. Constitutively expressed NEP, recombinant NEP, and induced NEP expression using a tetracycline-repressive expression system inhibited bombesin- and endothelin-1-stimulated FAK phosphorylation and cell migration. This results from NEP-induced inhibition of neuropeptide-stimulated association of FAK with cSrc protein. Expression of a mutated catalytically inactive NEP protein also resulted in partial inhibition of FAK phosphorylation and cell migration. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments show that NEP associates with tyrosine-phosphorylated Lyn kinase, which then binds the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) resulting in an NEP-Lyn-PI3-K protein complex. This complex competitively blocks FAK-PI3-K interaction, suggesting that NEP protein inhibits cell migration via a protein-protein interaction independent of its catalytic function. These experiments demonstrate that NEP can inhibit FAK phosphorylation on tyrosine and PC cell migration through multiple pathways and suggest that cell migration which contributes to invasion and metastases in PC cells can be regulated by NEP.     

Targeting fibroblast activation protein inhibits tumor stromagenesis and growth in mice

Membrane-bound proteases have recently emerged as critical mediators of tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and metastasis. However, the mechanisms by which they regulate these processes remain unknown. As the cell surface serine protease fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is selectively expressed on tumor-associated fibroblasts and pericytes in epithelial tumors, we set out to investigate the role of FAP in mouse models of epithelial-derived solid tumors. In this study, we demonstrate that genetic deletion and pharmacologic inhibition of FAP inhibited tumor growth in both an endogenous mouse model of lung cancer driven by the K-ras^G12D mutant and a mouse model of colon cancer, in which CT26 mouse colon cancer cells were transplanted into immune competent syngeneic mice. Interestingly, growth of only the K-ras^G12D–driven lung tumors was also attenuated by inhibition of the closely related protease dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV). Our results indicate that FAP depletion inhibits tumor cell proliferation indirectly, increases accumulation of collagen, decreases myofibroblast content, and decreases blood vessel density in tumors. These data provide proof of principle that targeting stromal cell–mediated modifications of the tumor microenvironment may be an effective approach to treating epithelial-derived solid tumors.     

An orally bioavailable small-molecule inhibitor of Hedgehog signaling inhibits tumor initiation and metastasis in pancreatic cancer

Recent evidence suggests that blockade of aberrant Hedgehog signaling can be exploited as a therapeutic strategy for pancreatic cancer. Our previous studies using the prototype Hedgehog small-molecule antagonist cyclopamine had shown the striking inhibition of systemic metastases on Hedgehog blockade in spontaneously metastatic orthotopic xenograft models. Cyclopamine is a natural compound with suboptimal pharmacokinetics, which impedes clinical translation. In the present study, a novel, orally bioavailable small-molecule Hedgehog inhibitor, IPI-269609, was tested using in vitro and in vivo model systems. In vitro treatment of pancreatic cancer cell lines with IPI-269609 resembled effects observed using cyclopamine (i.e., Gli-responsive reporter knockdown, down-regulation of the Hedgehog target genes Gli1 and Ptch, as well as abrogation of cell migration and colony formation in soft agar). Single-agent IPI-269609 profoundly inhibited systemic metastases in orthotopic xenografts established from human pancreatic cancer cell lines, although Hedgehog blockade had minimal effect on primary tumor volume. The only discernible phenotype observed within the treated primary tumor was a significant reduction in the population of aldehyde dehydrogenase-bright cells, which we have previously identified as a clonogenic tumor-initiating population in pancreatic cancer. Selective ex vivo depletion of aldehyde dehydrogenase-bright cells with IPI-269609 was accompanied by significant reduction in tumor engraftment rates in athymic mice. Pharmacologic blockade of aberrant Hedgehog signaling might prove to be an effective therapeutic strategy for inhibition of systemic metastases in pancreatic cancer, likely through targeting subsets of cancer cells with tumor-initiating ("cancer stem cell") properties.     

白藜芦醇通过调控Wnt/β-catenin信号通路抑制体外胃癌细胞生长的研究

目的探讨白藜芦醇(Res)对胃腺癌细胞(AGS)生长的影响及其与Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的关系。方法体外培养胃癌细胞株AGS,并以不同浓度Res(25、50、100μmol/L)干预24、48、72 h后,四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法测定细胞抑制率;不同浓度Res干预24 h流式细胞仪检测细胞周期,细胞免疫组化检测Wnt1、β-catenin、Lgr5的表达情况。实验数据以x±s表示,采用SPSS13.0软件进行统计分析,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,两两比较采用t检验。P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。结果不同浓度Res(25、50、100μmol/L)干预24、48、72 h后,AGS细胞的状态变差,细胞形态变圆密度及数量减少,贴壁较差,细胞增殖抑制率分别为:25μmol/L Res作用24 h组(0.2033±0.0207)、48 h组(0.3949±0.0199)、72 h组(0.5102±0.0155);50μmol/L Res作用24 h组(0.3554±0.0207)、48 h组(0.5157±0.0321)、72 h组(0.6167±0.0248);100μmol/L Res作用24 h组(0.5005±0.0199)、48 h组(0.6251±0.0299)、72 h组(0.7271±0.0147),细胞增殖抑制率呈时间依赖性与剂量依赖性(P<0.05);不同浓度Res作用24 h后,检测G1期细胞所占比分别为空白组(48.33±0.21)%、25μmol/L Res作用组(52.61±0.41)%、50μmol/L Res作用组(58.53±0.48)%、100μmol/L Res作用组(71.16±0.20)%,细胞周期阻滞在G0/G1期(P<0.05);不同浓度Res干预24 h后100μmol/L组(207.36±0.52)、50μmol/L组(202.65±0.53)、25μmol/L组(197.13±1.07)Wnt1灰度值均高于对照组(191.40±0.28)(P<0.05);100μmol/L组(206.51±0.68)、50μmol/L组(200.49±0.30)、25μmol/L组(196.53±0.59)β-catenin灰度值均高于对照组(191.98±0.30)(P<0.05),100μmol/L组(209.22±0.51)、50μmol/L组(204.53±0.92)、25μmol/L组(195.7±60.90)Lgr5灰度值均高于对照组(188.16±0.86)(P<0.05)。结论 Res可抑制胃癌细胞AGS的生长作用,其机制可能通过减少Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的活化而产生的。     

Control of human B cell tumor growth in severe combined immunodeficiency mice by monoclonal anti-B cell antibodies.

Severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) mice develop EBV (+)B cell tumors after infusion of EBV(+)B cells or of B cells and EBV. In this study, scid mice were infused with B cell lines derived from three patients who developed a B lymphocyte proliferative disorder after bone marrow or organ transplantation. Intraperitoneal injection of 5 x 10(6) B cells induced tumor growth in all mice, leading to death within 60 d. Human B cells were identified in spleen and bone marrow by means of immunofluorescence or EBV genome amplification, and human IgM was detected in serum. Infusion of murine monoclonal antibodies specific for human B cell membrane antigens CD21, CD24, and CD23 was effective in 80% of animals, against two of the three cell lines preventing tumor development or inducing remission according to the time of treatment. The effect was antibody dose dependent and was optimal with four intravenous infusions of at least 0.1 mg 4 d apart. Human IgM in serum and human B cells in spleen and bone marrow became undetectable when peritoneal tumors regressed completely. Infusions of IgG1 isotype-matched anti-CD4 antibody or anti-CD3 antibody had no effect. Tumors developed or recurred in 50% of these animals injected with one of the B cell line 3 mo after treatment was stopped. The same anti-CD21 and anti-CD24 antibodies had been used to treat the three patients, and shown similar degrees of effectiveness as in the scid mouse model. These results indicate that scid mice may be suitable for assessing therapeutic approaches to human B cell proliferation.     

Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibits colitis-associated cancer in mice

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic illness caused by complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors that propagate inflammation and damage to the gastrointestinal epithelium. This state of chronic inflammation increases the risk for development of colitis-associated cancer in IBD patients. Thus, the development of targeted therapeutics that can disrupt the cycle of inflammation and epithelial injury is highly attractive. However, such biological therapies, including those targeting epidermal growth factor receptor pathways, pose a risk of increasing cancer rates. Using two mouse models of colitis-associated cancer, we found that epidermal growth factor receptor inactivation accelerated the incidence and progression of colorectal tumors. By modulating inflammation and epithelial regeneration, epidermal growth factor receptor optimized the response to chronic inflammation and limited subsequent tumorigenesis. These findings provide important insights into the pathogenesis of colitis-associated cancer and suggest that epidermal growth factor-based therapies for IBD may reduce long-term cancer risk.     

The dietary isothiocyanate sulforaphane targets pathways of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and oxidative stress in human pancreatic cancer cells and inhibits tumor growth in severe combined immunodeficient mice

Anticancer effects of the dietary isothiocyanate sulforaphane were investigated in the human pancreatic cancer cell lines MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1. Sulforaphane-treated cells accumulated in metaphase as determined by flow cytometry [4C DNA content, cyclin A(-), cyclin B1(+), and phospho-histone H3 (Ser(10))(+)]. In addition, treated cells showed nuclear apoptotic morphology that coincided with an activation of caspase-8, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and loss of plasma membrane integrity. The initial detection of caspase-3 cleavage occurring in G(2)-M arrest was independent of a change in phospho-cdc2 (Tyr(15)) protein; consequently, sulforaphane treatment combined with UCN-01 had no significant impact on cellular toxicity. Incubations at higher sulforaphane doses (>10 micromol/L) resulted in cleavage of caspase-3 in the G(1) subpopulation, suggesting that the induction of apoptosis and the sulforaphane-induced mitosis delay at the lower dose are independently regulated. Cellular toxicity in MIA PaCa-2, and to a greater extent in PANC-1, was positively correlated with a decrease in cellular glutathione levels, whereas sustained increases in glutathione observed in MIA PaCa-2 cells or the simultaneous incubation with N-acetyl-L-cysteine in PANC-1 cells were associated with resistance to sulforaphane-induced apoptosis. Daily sulforaphane i.p. injections (375 micromol/kg/d for 3 weeks) in severe combined immunodeficient mice with PANC-1 s.c. tumors resulted in a decrease of mean tumor volume by 40% compared with vehicle-treated controls. Our findings suggest that, in addition to the known effects on cancer prevention, sulforaphane may have activity in established pancreatic cancer.     

三氧化二砷对前列腺癌PC-3细胞周期的阻滞作用

目的:研究三氧化二砷As2O诱导前列腺癌PC-3细胞生长抑制、周期()3阻滞的作用。方法:实验于2003-10/2004-05在解放军第四军医大学唐都医院中心实验室完成。应用体外细胞生长抑制试验(MTT比色法)研究As2O3对细胞生长的影响;流式细胞仪检测细胞周期分布的情况;Westernblotting检测细胞周期调节分子周期素依赖性激酶CDKs)、周期素依赖(性激酶抑制素(CDKI)和周期素的变化。结果:As2O抑制人前列腺癌细胞系PC-3生长具有时间、剂量依赖性,3MTT比色试验显示1,2,5μmol/L的三氧化二砷处理1～6d,各组之间吸光值差异有显著性意义(F=22.220,P<0.001);流式细胞术检测细胞周期分布见As2O(1,2,5μmol/L)处理72h后,随着浓度的增加,3聚集G1期的细胞增加犤(51.8±2.4)%～(58.8±2.3)%犦,各组之间比较,差异有显著性意义(χ2=15.846,P=0.01),说明可诱导PC-3细胞G1期阻滞;免疫印迹试验提示As2O可诱导PC-3细胞Cip1/p21和3Kip1/p27呈计量依赖性增加,而CDK2,6和周期素E,A下调。结论:As2O通过调节细胞周期调节素的表达来阻滞前列腺癌PC-3细3胞周期进程、抑制细胞生长,有必要进一步研究,为其在临床上用于治疗前列腺癌提供依据。     

RelA/p65 promotes osteoclast differentiation by blocking a RANKL-induced apoptotic JNK pathway in mice

Osteoclasts (OCs) function to reabsorb bone and are responsible for the bone loss associated with inflammatory arthritis and osteoporosis. OC numbers are elevated in most disorders of accelerated bone destruction, reflecting altered rates of precursor differentiation and apoptosis. Both of these processes are regulated by the JNK family of MAP kinases. In this study, we have demonstrated that the NF-kappaB subunit RelA/p65 inhibits JNK-mediated apoptosis during a critical period of commitment to the OC phenotype in response to the cytokine RANKL. This RelA/p65-mediated arrest of cell death led to enhanced OC differentiation. Hence, Rela-/- OC precursors displayed prolonged JNK activation in response to RANKL, and this was accompanied by an increase in cell death that prevented efficient differentiation. Although complete blockade of JNK activity inhibits osteoclastogenesis, both short-term blockade in RelA-deficient cultures and suppression of the downstream mediator, Bid rescued apoptosis and differentiation. These antiapoptotic effects were RelA specific, as overexpression of RelA, but not RelB, blocked apoptosis and rescued differentiation in Rela-/- precursors. Thus, RelA blocks a RANKL-induced, apoptotic JNK-Bid pathway, thereby promoting OC differentiation. Consistent with this, mice lacking RelA/p65 in the hematopoietic compartment were shown to have a deficient osteoclastogenic response to RANKL and were protected from arthritis-induced osteolysis.     

苯丁酸钠联合5-氮杂脱氧胞苷抑制Kasumi-1细胞裸鼠移植瘤的生长

目的　探讨组蛋白脱乙酰化酶 (HDAC)抑制剂苯丁酸钠 (PB)联合 5 氮杂脱氧胞苷 (5 Aza CdR)对t(8;2 1)急性髓系白血病裸鼠移植瘤模型的抑瘤活性与作用机制。方法　用Kasumi 1细胞皮下接种的方法建立t(8;2 1)急性髓系白血病裸鼠移植瘤模型 ;观察裸鼠的致瘤潜伏期、PB预处理Kasumi 1细胞的致瘤性改变 ,以及PB和 5 Aza CdR腹腔注射对移植瘤生长的抑制作用。流式细胞术检测细胞分化抗原和细胞周期 ,末端脱氧核糖核酸转移酶介导的dUTP原位缺口末端标记 (TUNEL)检测瘤组织凋亡 ,免疫组织化学染色检测血管新生。结果　切脾和不切脾裸鼠接种Kasumi 1细胞后致瘤潜伏期分别为 17～ 2 3d和 4 0～ 5 0d ,瘤细胞不转移 ,仍检测出t(8;2 1)和AML1 ETO融合基因。接种PB预处理Kasumi 1细胞的裸鼠未见成瘤。PB、5 Aza CdR单独或联合裸鼠体内用药后 ,移植瘤生长抑制率分别为 4 9.0 7%、2 5 .6 9%和 87.4 6 % (P <0 .0 5 ) ,凋亡细胞指数分别为 (2 .2 5± 0 .85 ) %、(1.32± 0 .6 8) %和 (5 .4 1± 1.5 6 ) % (P <0 .0 5 ) ,微血管密度 (MVD)分别为 2 1.6 9± 6 .2 5 ,2 8.34± 4 .2 4和 9.4 8± 3.2 1(P <0 .0 1) ,与对照组相比有显著性差异 (P值均 <0 .0 5 )。PB腹腔注射后移植瘤细胞CD11b、CD13表达增高 [(12 .0 8±     

The combination of decitabine and aspirin inhibits tumor growth and metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer

ObjectiveCombination therapy has become the hallmark of lung cancer treatment, as it reduces the dosage intensity of individual drugs while increasing their efficacy. In the current study, we analyzed the combinatorial effect of decitabine and aspirin on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell growth.MethodsIn this study, we investigated the combinatorial effect of decitabine and aspirin by MTT, colony formation, and Transwell assays. We also explored the underlying molecular mechanism via a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments.ResultsThe combination of decitabine and aspirin regulated cell viability and migration in vitro. Moreover, the combination therapy suppressed tumor cell growth by inhibiting the β-catenin/STAT3 signaling pathway. Our study also found that the regimen increased the phosphorylation of β-catenin and decreased the expression of STAT3 and β-catenin.ConclusionThe combined administration of decitabine and aspirin significantly reduced tumor growth compared with single-agent treatment and the control in vivo. The study results indicated that decitabine and aspirin could suppress NSCLC cell growth and metastasis via the β-catenin/STAT3 signaling pathway.