WHO西太区与世界中医药学会联合会中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：八纲辨证（三）

The Chinese characters 寒 and 热, 虚, and 实 are quite common concepts in Chinese language. However in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）, they are used as four principles in syndrome differentiation. In terms of translation, 寒 and 热 are very easy to understand and can be simply translated as ＂cold＂ and ＂heat＂. But the transla- tion of 虚 and 实 used to be a problem. For a quite long time in translation practice,     

WHO西太区与世界中医药学会联合会中医名词术语国际标准比较研究:津液辨证(英文)

Intraditional Chinese medicine (TCM),the so-called津液refers to all the fluid and liquid flowingand maintaining inside the human body.In Chineselanguage,津液is a phrase composed of twoChinese characters which describes two differentkinds of fluid or liquid in the human body .According to the theory of TCM,津refers to thepart of fluid that is thin in texture and flowss moothly inside the body while液refers to thepart of fluid that is thick in texture and mainlymaintains in the joints of the body to nourish andlubr...     

WHO西太区与世界中医药学会联合会中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：八纲辨证（一）（英文）

The so-called eight principles include阴,阳,表,里,寒,热,虚,实which are usually transliterated and translated as yin,yang,exterior, interior,cold,heat,deficiency and excess.These eight principles serve as a theoretical basis for treatment based on syndrome differentiation. These eight principles are easy to understand, translate and standardize.     

WHO西太区与世界中医药学会联合会中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：各科辨证（二）

外伤瘀滞证pattern/syndrome of stasis and stagnation due to traumatic injury：a pattern/syndrome attributedtotraumaticinjury causinglocal stagnation of qi and blood,manifested by local ecchymosis,pain and tendernessIn Chinese language,瘀and滞are two concepts which are si milar to each other in meaning under certain context,     

A HPLC-Q-TOF-MS-based urinary metabolomic approach to identification of potential biomarkers of metabolic syndrome

Metabolic syndrome （MetS） is a serious threat to public health worldwide with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and all-cause morbidity and mortality. In this study, a urinary metabolomic approach was performed on high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry to discriminate 36 male MetS patients and 36 sex and age matched healthy controls. Pattern recognition analyses （principal component analysis and orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminate analysis） commonly demonstrated the difference between MetS patients and no-MetS subjects. This study found 8 metabolites that showed significant changes in patients with MetS, including branch-chain and aromatic amino acids （leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan）, short-chain acylcanitine （tiglylcamitine）, tricarboxylic acid （TCA） cycle intermediate （cis-aconitic acid） and glucuronidated products （cortolone-3-glucuronide and tetrahydroaldoster- one-3-glucuronide）. The candidate biomarkers revealed in this study could be useful in providing clues for further research focusing on the in-depth investigation of the cause of and cure for MetS.     

WHO西太区与世界中医药学会联合会中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：病因部分（二）

In the previous issue, we have introduced some of the Chinese medical terms about causes of diseases included in WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region （abbreviated as WHO Standard） and International Standard Chinese-English Basic Nomenclature of Chinese Medicine compiled by World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies （abbreviated as WFCMS Standard）. We have also made brief comments on international standardization of the English translation of these terms according to the studies made in the book entitled International Standardization of English Translation of Traditional Chinese Medicine：     

WHO西太区与世界中医药学会联合会中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：内科疾病（六）

白淫 white ooze ： seminal fluid in the urine or persistent vaginal discharge The so-called 白淫, as defined above , usually refers to seminal fluid in the urine or persistent vaginal discharge.Thus in the current translation , it is translated either as＂spermaturia＂or＂semenuria＂if related to male or as＂leukorrhagia＂if related to female.In traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）     

关于WHO/ICTM术语问题的几点建议

2008年,世界卫生组织（World Health Organization,WHO）启动了＂疾病名称国际分类第11版＂（International Classification of Diseases-11,ICD-11）的修订工作[1]。与ICD前10版不同的是,在第11版的修订工作中,专门设置了第23章,拟将传统医学纳入其中。但就目前的发展来看,能纳入其中的,只有源自中国的传统医学,即中医药学。     

中医药学相关学科名称的翻译

笔者在参加世界卫生组织（world Health Organization WHO）有关传统医学国际标准的研制以及中医相关国家标准（英文）的制定时,注意到中医一些基础学科名称的英文翻译在国内外还存在着一定的差异。2010年8月26日,国家中医药管理局委托上海市中医药发展办公室组织专家对我们所承担的“1995和1997中医国家标准”的英文翻译进行了审定。在审定会上,笔者代表课题组向与会专家汇报了本项研究所依据的理论、方法和程序。     

语义翻译和交际翻译在中医英语翻译中的应用

什么是文化？根据美国著名翻译理论学家奈达（Eugene A．Nida）的观点,文化就是“一个社会全部的信仰和各种实践活动（the totality of beliefs and practices of asociety）”。有些社会学家和人类学家将文化定义为“能够表现出一个社会生活特征的所有信仰方式、习俗、机构、物体和技术（the total pattern of beliefs,customs,institutions,objects and techniques that characterize the life of a human community）”。     

Integrative techniques using acupuncture,Chinese herbal medicine,diet, and supplements for polycystic ovary syndrome： a case report

Patients with a diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS） are on the rise. About 4%-12% of women are currently estimated to have this condition. It is hypothesized that PCOS appears in women who have long-standing insulin resistance （1R）, which leads to high androgen and testosterone levels; this ultimately disrupts their menstrual cycles. Some researchers attribute IR to genetic factors, although there have been only minute changes in the human genome in the past 20 000 years. However, even with a stable gene pool, genes can be turned on and offby the environment, food and air quality and toxin exposure.     

The use of complementary and alternative medicine by individuals with features of metabolic syndrome

OBJECTIVE： To compare the use of complementary and alternative medicine （CAM）, including dietary supplements, by individuals with and without features of metabolic syndrome （FeMS）. METHODS： Using a cross sectional study design, information was obtained by self-administered questionnaires from 300 university individuals. FeMS was defined as any individuals self-reporting at least one of the clinical diagnoses of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or obesity. Finally, two categories were created for cross tabulation, and individuals with and without FeMS were compared. RESULTS： Of the 192 individuals completing the study, 39% （n=76） were currently using or had used CAM therapies in the past 12 months. Individuals with FeMS （n=54, 28%） were more likely （P〈0.05） to use different types of CAM therapies, in particular dietary and herbal supplements, aromatherapy and massage therapy compared to individuals without FeMS （n=138, 72%）. CONCLUSION： Individuals with FeMS were more likely to use CAM, particularly supplements. Doctors need to properly inquire about and understand their patients＇ supplement use, especially if CAM therapies are used in coniunction with conventional medications.     

Features of a Chinese family with cerebral cavernous malformation induced by a novel CCM1 gene mutation

Background Familial cerebral cavernous malformations （CCMs）, characterized by hemorrhagic stroke, recurrent headache and epilepsy, are congenital vascular anomalies of the central nervous system. Familial CCMs is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder and three CCM genes have been identified. We report a Chinese family with CCMs and intend to explore clinical, pathological, magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） features and pathogenic gene mutation of this family. Methods Totally 25 family members underwent brain MRI examination and clinical check. Two patients with surgical indications had surgical treatment and the specimens were subjected to histopathological and microstructural examination. In addition, polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and direct sequencing were performed with genomic DNA extracted from 25 family members＇ blood samples for mutation detection. Results Brain MRI identified abnormal results in seven family members. All of them had multiple intracranial lesions and four cases had skin cavernous hemangioma. T2-weighted sequence showed that the lesions were typically characterized by an area of mixed signal intensity. Gradient-echo （GRE） sequence was more sensitive to find micro- cavernous hemangiomas. There was a wide range in the clinical manifestations as well as the age of onset in the family. The youngest patient was an 8-year-old boy with least intracranial lesions. Histopathological and microstructural examination showed that CCMs were typically discrete multi-sublobes of berry-like lesions, with hemorrhage in various stages of illness evolution. They were formed by abnormally enlarged sinusoids and the thin basement membranes. A novel T deletion mutation in exon 14 of CCM1 gene was identified by mutation detection in the seven patients. But unaffected members and healthy controls did not carry this mutation. Conclusions The clinical manifestations were heterogenic within this family. We identified a novel mutation （c.1396delT） was the disease-causing mutation for this family and extended the mutational spectrum of CCMs.     

中医古籍英译史实研究综述

中医古籍,即1911年以前的中医书籍。作为中医理论、思想和文化的主要载体,中医古籍越来越被国内外的专家学者所重视。如何让其走出国门,促进世界医学的共同发展和世界文化的繁荣昌盛,成为当代一个极为重要的课题。中医古籍英译研究,     

疏肝健脾为主周期调治女性青春期后痤疮的临床体会

痤疮是一种多因素引起的毛囊皮脂腺慢性炎症性皮肤病,主要发生于青春期男女。临床上将25岁以后才开始发生的痤疮或青春期痤疮一直延续到成年不愈的疾患称为青春期后痤疮（postadolescentacne）,以女性患者居多。相对于青春期患者而言,他们正处在求学、择业、创业、择偶等压力较大的阶段,而面子问题更易引起他们的心理反应,治疗愿望迫切,对疗效期望值高。如未如愿则心理负担更重,病情更加顽固难愈,甚则严重影响生活质量。     

《内经》修辞格及英译实例分析

《黄帝内经》（以下简称《内经》）是我国中医学四大经典之一,包括《素问》和《灵枢》两部分。虽然为一部医学著作,但受先秦两汉文风的影响,全书采用半韵半散的文学语体,大量使用修辞格,形象精练地阐述中医学深奥的理论,向世人呈现出中国文化医文互通、医文互用的独特风格,奠定了中医学黑箱理论传承的语言基础。     

《内经》常见句式变化修辞格英译

《黄帝内经》（以下简称《内经》）被看作是中医界的“圣经”。其语言深奥难懂,辞格古老丰富,需从多层次多角度进行研究,方可对其正确理解,其中从修辞角度进行研究,是不可或缺的重要环节。     

Relevance of muscle biopsy for diagnosing multifocal motor neuropathy

Multifocal motor neuropathy （MMN） is a rare,.focal,inflammatory,demyelinating disease of the peripheral nerves with pure motor involvementJ MMN is clinically characterized by slowly progressive,asymmetric,distal,upper limb predominant weakness,in the absence of sensory disturbances） Weakness is usually multifocal and connected to a distinct motor nerve,such as the musculocutaneous nerve resulting in biceps weakness,the posterior interosseus nerve resulting in finger drop,the median,ulnar,or radial nerve resulting in dexterity problems or grip weakness,or the peroneal nerve resulting in a foot drop.Onset of clinical manifestations is between 20 and 50 years of age.The prevalence of MMN is reported as 1-2 per 100 000.2 MMN is three times more frequent in men as compared to women.     

Association between intervertebral disc degeneration and disturbances of blood supply to the vertebrae

Low back pain is a common public health problem in western industrialized societies and the world as well.Studies indicate that the prevalence rate ranges to 35%, with around 10% of patients from 12% becoming chronically disabled. It also places an enormous economic burden on society. Although the exact cause of low back pain has yet to be defined, intervertebral disc degeneration is considered a major source of it. Since patients with degenerative discs are often asymptomatic, the mechanisms of it are still unclear.