肺内多发结节的CT表现分析

目的 探讨肺内多发结节影为主要表现患者的CT表现特点。方法 回顾性分析北京世纪坛医院影像资料库胸部CT出现肺内多发结节影的53例患者资料,其中肺结核19例、肺转移瘤23例、肺慢性炎症5例、弥漫性淋巴管瘤病6例,总结比较4种疾病的CT表现特征。结果 13例(68.4%,13/19)肺结核及18例(78.3%,18/23)肺转移瘤的结节最大径达10~20mm,3例(3/5)肺慢性炎症与3例(3/6)弥漫性淋巴管瘤病的肺内结节最大径范围为3~8mm。肺慢性炎症的CT表现为结节以无分叶且边缘光滑为主共69个(79.3%;69/87)、病灶邻近胸膜增厚粘连36个(41.4%;36/87),结节无钙化及空洞;肺结核的CT表现为结节以无分叶且边缘光滑为主共128个(82.1%;128/156)、钙化86个(55.1%;86/156)、空洞43个(27.6%;43/156)、病灶邻近胸膜增厚粘连71个(45.5%;71/156);肺转移瘤的CT表现为结节以边缘见分叶及毛刺为主共369个(60.0%;369/615)、钙化23个(3.7%;23/615)、空洞111个(18.0%;111/615)、病灶邻近胸膜增厚粘连114个(18.5%;114/615)。肺慢性炎症、肺结核出现结节边缘无分叶且边缘光滑的比率分别与肺转移瘤组比较,差异有统计学意义(χ ²=47.613,P=0.000;χ ²=88.095,P=0.000),肺结核与肺转移瘤出现钙化的比率两者差异有统计学意义(χ ²=270.707,P=0.000),肺结核与肺转移瘤出现空洞的比率差异有统计学意义(χ ²=7.048,P=0.008),肺慢性炎症与肺转移瘤、肺结核与肺转移瘤出现病灶邻近胸膜增厚粘连的比率差异有统计学意义(χ ²=23.670,P=0.000;χ ²=49.650,P=0.000)。肺转移瘤空洞类型:空泡样空洞发生率(34.2%,38/111)>囊样空洞发生率(26.2%,29/111)>小环形空洞发生率(22.5%,25/111)>不规则空洞发生率(17.1%,19/111);所有的空泡样空洞仅出现在腺癌肺转移中、78.9%(30/38)的空泡样空洞结节边缘均见分叶、毛刺。5例肺慢性炎症患者均见边缘模糊的结节,边缘见局限的片状浸润影及索条状影。弥漫性淋巴管瘤病的结节常呈弥漫或多灶性分布,累及多个部位并呈多发的大小不等的囊性病变,肺内结节均边缘光滑、密度均匀。 结论 肺结核、肺转移瘤、肺慢性炎症和弥漫性淋巴管瘤病出现肺内多发结节时,其病灶大小、分布、形态、边缘、密度及与邻近结构的关系等各自具有一定特点,CT扫描对4种疾病进行鉴别诊断时具有重要价值。     

Solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas:CT and MRI features of 3 cases

BACKGROUND: Solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas is a rather rare but low-grade malignant tumor with good prognosis after surgical excision. METHODS: In 3 patients with solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas which were proved pathologically, the imaging features ( CT in all and MRI in one patient) of the tumor were analyzed. RESULTS: In the 3 female patients under 35-year-old who presented no jaundice, CT revealed that huge solid-cystic masses of the pancreatic head with calcification in one and slight dilation of the pancreatic duct in another, but without dilation of the bile duct system in all. MRI demonstrated mixed signal intensity on T1WI and T2WI of the mass in one patient. CT and MRI revealed obvious enhancement of the cystic wall and solid part of the masses. CONCLUSIONS: CT and MRI findings of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas are characteristic, and the diagnosis can be made preoperatively with the combination of clinical features.     

胸部CT增强扫描对肺内孤立性结节鉴别诊断探讨

目的探讨胸部CT增强扫描对肺内孤立性结节(SPN)鉴别诊断价值。方法对80例经针吸活检、手术病理证实的良、恶性SPN患者CT影像及增强扫描CT影像进行回顾性分析,分别测定注射造影剂前及造影剂后同一层面的CT值,并根据病理分组测定其强化值。对其均数进行统计学比较。结果①恶性SPN的CT强化值平均升高32.56±7.07,良性SPN的CT强化值平均升高8.25±2.64,表明两组病理性质不同的SPN在增强扫描时病灶中心层面的CT强化值有显著的差异(P<0.05);②将强化值20Hu作为下限判断恶性SPN其敏感性为92.1%,特异性77.5%。结论良、恶性SPN在CT增强扫描时存在不同的强化表现,正确认识及分析强化值及强化方式对良、恶性SPN鉴别诊断有一定帮助。     

DR双能减影与低剂量螺旋CT扫描在肺结节检测中的对照研究

目的　比较和评价DR双能减影与低剂量螺旋CT扫描在肺结节检测中的差异性及其意义。方法　制作肺结节模型,分别进行DR双能减影和低剂量螺旋CT检查。分别计算其检出率。用统计学方法评价二者的差异性。结果　DR双能减影对肺内1 0mm及5mm结节的检出率分别为1 0 0 %、88% ,与低剂量螺旋CT扫描组之间的差异无显著性意义(X2 =1 .1 4 97,P >0 .2 0 )。结论　DR双能减影对肺结节的检出率与低剂量螺旋CT相当,可作为大群体肺部普查的有效手段。     

New insights on COPD imaging via CT and MRI

Multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) can be used to quantify morphological features and investigate structure/function relationship in COPD. This approach allows a phenotypical definition of COPD patients, and might improve our understanding of disease pathogenesis and suggest new therapeutical options. In recent years, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has also become potentially suitable for the assessment of ventilation, perfusion and respiratory mechanics. This review focuses on the established clinical applications of CT, and novel CT and MRI techniques, which may prove valuable in evaluating the structural and functional damage in COPD.     

并殖吸虫病肝损害的CT、MRI特征

目的探讨并殖吸虫病肝损害的CT及MR特征性表现。方法对18例经临床治疗奏效或病理证实的并殖吸虫病肝损害的CT及MRI征象进行回顾性分析。经CT检查10例,MRI检查2例,同时行CT及MRI检查6例。结果单发病灶4例,多发病灶14例。病灶均分布在肝包膜下或门脉分支周围肝实质内,呈楔形、不规则形或条形,部分病例可见“隧道征”及“围管征”;16例CT平扫病灶呈稍低密度12例,等密度4例,边缘模糊;动态增强动脉期大部分病变轻度强化或周边轻度强化,少数无强化;门脉期病灶显示最多,边界清晰,呈相对低密度;延迟期病灶强化消失。MRI检查8例中,呈等T1、稍长T2信号2例,呈稍长T1、稍长T2信号6例;动态增强扫描,多发病灶在动脉期可见斑片状强化;门脉期呈多发低信号,边缘清晰;延迟期病灶强化呈等信号改变。肝内单发病灶表现为环状及分隔样强化,门脉期显示最清。结论并殖吸虫病肝损害白}『CT蜃MRT嘉瑚有一事特征．对该病有赫高的诊断价倌．     

Incidental pulmonary nodules on cardiac computed tomography: prognosis and use

Background

Small asymptomatic lung nodules are found frequently in the course of cardiac computed tomography (CT) scanning. However, the utility of assessing and reporting incidental findings in healthy, asymptomatic subjects is unknown.

Methods

The sample comprised 1023 60- to 69-year-old subjects free of clinical cardiovascular disease and cancer who participated in the Atherosclerotic Disease, VAscular functioN and genetiC Epidemiology Study. All subjects underwent cardiac CT for determination of coronary calcium between 2001 and 2004, and the first 459 subjects were assessed for incidental pulmonary findings. We used health plan clinical databases to ascertain 24-month health care use and clinical outcomes.

Results

Noncalcified pulmonary nodules were reported in 81 of 459 subjects (18%). Chest CT was performed on 78% of participants in the 24 months after notification, compared with 2.5% in the previous 24 months. Chest x-ray use increased from 28% to 49%. The mean number of chest CT scans per subject was 1.3 (range, 0-5). Although no malignant lesions were diagnosed in the group who had pulmonary findings read, 1 lung cancer case was diagnosed in the group who did not have lung findings read. Among the 63 participants followed up by CT, the original lesion was not identified in 22 participants (35%), the lesion had decreased or remained stable in 39 participants (62%), and there was interval growth in 2 participants (3%).

Conclusion

Reporting noncalcified pulmonary nodules resulted in substantial rescanning that overwhelmingly revealed resolution or stability of pulmonary nodules, arguing for benign processes.     

Multimodality imaging of a pulmonary artery sarcoma

Pulmonary artery sarcoma is a rare malignant neoplasm. Here, we describe a patient with a pulmonary artery sarcoma, which was only subtly visible and therefore not fully appreciated on initial transthoracic echocardiogram. Characterization of the tumor was aided by the use of multimodality imaging that included computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography. Familiarity with its appearance on multiple imaging modalities including echocardiography is important to ensure timely diagnosis, although the optimal treatment strategy is still unknown, and the prognosis remains poor.     

Diagnostic yield of CT pulmonary angiography for pulmonary embolism in clinically suspected patients

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common medical problem. Its diagnostic criteria must be reviewed to determine the need for confirmatory testing. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is the current standard of care, which provides accurate diagnosis with rapid turnaround. This study aimed to estimate the diagnostic yield of CTPA in clinically suspected PE patients in a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia.Radiology records of all patients with clinically suspected PE who underwent CTPA between January 1, 2012 and September 30, 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. A radiologist with 10 years of professional experience interpreted and reported all cases. The Wells score with 2 tiers (likely and unlikely) was used to raise the clinical suspicion of PE.Positive results for PE were reported in 177 out of 534 clinically suspected cases (33%). Among the positive PE cases, 143 were acute (81%) and 34 (19%) were chronic. Bilateral, right-sided, and left-sided PE were found in 115 (65%), 37 (21%), and 25 (14%) cases, respectively. Involvement of the segmental branches, subsegmental branches, and the pulmonary trunk were noted in 152 (86%), 70 (40%), and 9 cases (5%), respectively. Saddle PE was found in (4%) of the cases. The lower lobe branches (right 55%, left 53%) and the upper lobe branches (right 47%, left 41%) were the most common sites of involvement.CTPA had a higher positive detection rate for PE among clinically suspected cases than its published diagnostic yield. Adequate clinical evaluation when selecting patients for CTPA is emphasized to minimize unjustified exposure of the patients to radiation and intravenous contrast administration. It is crucial for radiologists to provide detailed reports commenting on all relevant findings, including pertinent negatives. A template for reporting radiological findings for CTPA can be recommended for this purpose.     

肺内孤立结节病变术前CT误诊原因分析

目的分析CT误诊肺内孤立性结节病变性质的原因。方法对50例有术前CT诊断(误诊5例)并经手术病理证实的肺内孤立结节病变(SPN)进行分析。结果术前5例,2例术前诊断良性肿块,术后病理诊断为恶性。3例术前诊断为恶性肿块,术后病理分别诊断为隐球菌病、硬化性血管瘤、以及支气管囊肿并发感染。结论肺内肿块的术前CT诊断,可交错重叠,出现“同病异影”或“异病同影”使鉴别诊断出现困难。因此在肺内孤立性结节的CT诊断中必须密切结合临床,尽可能避免术前误诊。     

肝硬化结节及小肝癌患者3.0T MRI检查结果分析

目的评价3.0 T MRI检查在肝硬化再生性结节（RN）、异型增生性结节（DN）和小肝癌（SHCC）诊断和鉴别诊断中价值。方法回顾性分析经病理检查确诊的69例RN、DN及SHCC患者的3.0 T MRI平扫及容积采集技术（LAVA）三期动态增强扫描特点。结果 RN主要表现为T2WI低信号,动态增强方式呈＂缓慢上升型＂;DN主要表现为T2WI高、低信号,信号较均匀结节的动态方式以＂速升缓降型＂为主,可有＂结中结＂（特征表现）;SHCC主要表现为T1WI低信号、T2WI高信号,动态增强方式为＂速升速降型＂。结论肝硬化结节及小肝癌在3.0 T MRI上各有较为典型的表现,临床可据此进行诊断与鉴别诊断;对其他强化类型的肝脏病灶应结合肿瘤血管的扭曲增粗及包膜等表现排除SHCC。     

Diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography on the detection of cesarean scar pregnancy: A meta-analysis

Background: There is still a debate on which imaging method is the best to diagnose cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP). Accordingly, this study aimed to analyze the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography (US) on the detection of CSP based on current evidence in the literature.Methods:PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Chinese Biomedical Documentation Service System, WanFang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched up to June 2020. The included studies were all comparisons of MRI and US in the diagnosis of CSP that adopted postoperative histological examination as the reference standard. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), and area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated for MRI and US.Results:Thirteen studies were included, with a total sample size of 948 patients. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, and AUC of MRI in diagnosing CSP were 0.93 (95% CI, 0.91-0.95), 0.83 (95% CI, 0.75-0.89), 5.46 (95% CI, 3.70-8.05), 0.08 (95% CI, 0.06-0.11), and 0.96 (95% CI, 0.93-0.97), respectively; for US they were 0.84 (95% CI, 0.79-0.88), 0.73 (95% CI, 0.62-0.81), 3.06 (95% CI, 2.22-4.21), 0.23 (95% CI, 0.18-0.28), and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.83-0.89), respectively.Conclusion:We found that both MRI and US effectively diagnosed CSP; however, MRI had a higher diagnostic performance in detecting CSP than US.     

肺内恶性孤立性小结节的CT征像特征分析与诊断

目的通过对肺内恶性孤立性小结节CT影像特征的分析,不断提高CT对恶性孤立性肺结节的检出率。方法全面、系统地回顾、分析134例肺内孤立性小结节患者的临床资料。结果 134例肺内孤立性小结节患者中,病检恶性80例(59.70%);病检和CT均诊断为恶性者78例,CT与病检符合率为97.5%,病检确诊为恶性而CT征像不支持者2例(2.50%),CT诊断为恶性,而首次病检不支持,再次病检支持者1例(1.25%);81例结节≥2.0 cm者,恶性75例(92.59%);53例结节2 cm者,恶性3例(5.66%);右肺结节恶性率为73.21%,明显高于左肺的43.59%(P0.05);恶性结节CT影像表现中胸膜凹陷征、引流线征、血管集束征、毛刺征、棘突征、分叶征、空泡和细支气管充气征,征像所占比例明显高于良性结节(P0.05);85.90%的恶性结节病例表现为3种以上基本影像征像并存。结论肺内孤立性结节恶性率高,其发病的部位和影像表现均具有其一定的特征性,CT诊断具有较高的检出率,在CT诊断过程中,要紧紧围绕结节的部位和影像征像进行仔细分析鉴别,对一时难以定论的结节要积极开展动态观察,以提高恶性孤立性肺结节的检出率,减少误诊和漏诊。     

CT 血管征对肺微小结节定性诊断运用探究简

目的 探究CT血管征对肺微小结节定性诊断运用,为肺微小结节的定性诊断提供理论指导,以便选取更为合适的扫描参数.方法 选取我院收治的肺微小结节患者127例,按照病变类型分为恶性病变组（n=82）和良性病变组（n=45）,进行分组分析.结果 CT扫描可有效显示SPN情况,并可将血管征及其分型有效显示;CT血管征对恶性病变肺微小结节敏感性显著高于良性病变,其在恶性病变中构成比及分型均高于后者.结论 CT血管征对肺微小结节的定性诊断具有良好的辅助作用,能够有效指导恶性病变的判断.