硒协同茯苓多糖抗小鼠白血病的实验研究

 目的 研究硒协同茯苓多糖（CMP）对P388小鼠白血病的抗癌效果并探讨其治疗的分子机制。方法 硒协同CMP治疗P388白血病模型,通过观察荷瘤小鼠生存期判断抑癌效果。采用原位杂交和免疫细胞化学技术检测淋巴细胞bcl-2基因;利用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡、增生指数（PI）及细胞周期。结果 CMP、硒与环磷酰胺联合用药使荷瘤小鼠生命延长75.09 %;PI降低;bcl-2基因表达下调,凋亡指数增高,但凋亡率比单独环磷酰胺组低。结论 CMP、硒与化疗药物合用后具有协同抗癌效应,能显著抑制癌细胞增生,下调bcl-2基因的表达、诱导癌细胞凋亡,从而延长荷瘤小鼠的生存期,同时减轻环磷酰胺的毒副作用。     

硒与抗坏血酸在SCE和UDS试验中的抗诱变效应

通过离体和整体实验方法观察，发现随着经饮水摄入的Vc和／或Se剂量的增大，诱变物MNNG诱发的小鼠骨髋细胞SCE数下降，且呈剂量反应关系；同时Vc与Se单独或联合使用均可明显降低MNNG诱发的人全血细胞培养的UDS值。结果提示Vc和Se具有抗诱变协同效应。实验还显示Se和Vc作为抗诱变剂，本身在高剂量下又呈现遗传毒性。     

沙棘汁的抗诱变研究

本文采用Ａｍｅｒ实验及小鼠骨髓细胞微核实验，研究了沙棘汁对亚硝胺在体内外合成的阻断作用；并与同浓度的维生素Ｃ做了比较，研究结果表明：沙棘汁有较好的抗诱变作用，而且这种作用明显优于同浓度的维生素Ｃ。这对沙棘汁进一步开发利用提供了生物学方面的科学依据。     

中药蛇床子水溶性提取物中化学成分的抗诱变性研究

本文采用Ａｍｅｓ、体内试验小鼠骨髓细胞染色体畸变和骨髓多染红细胞微核试验,对蛇床子水溶性提取物中９种化学成分（蛇床子素,佛手柑内酯,异虎耳草素、欧芹属素乙、花椒毒酚,花椒毒素,甲基嘧啶,尿嘧啶和１种待定化合物）进行了抗诱变性研究。结果表明,蛇床子素,佛手柑内酯,异虎耳草素,欧芹属素乙,花椒毒酚和花椒毒素在典曲霉菌素Ｂ１诱变性的抑制作用中具有较高活性。蛇床子素,佛手柑内酯、异虎耳草素和欧芹属素乙在环     

硒酸酯多糖和复方硒酸酯多糖对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响

早在70年代，硒与肿瘤的关系已成为各国医学界研究热门。大量流行病学调查和动物实验证实，硒与各种肿瘤的发病率呈负相关。据资料表明癌症患者体内硒的含量比健康人低。Salonen等［‘j对芬兰sll3名人群，在6年追踪观察发现血清硒低浓度组与较高浓度及最高浓度组相比癌症的相对危险性为3．0（1．2～7．9）。W＊ett等［‘］也报告血清硒含量最高组癌症危险性是最低组的50％。实验也发现硒能抑制实验动物自发性、移植性及化学性致癌剂或病毒诱发的肿瘤。然而，硒抗癌作用机制仍不十分清楚。为了探讨硒的抗癌作用，研究硒对机体免疫功能的影响…     

用TK基因突变试验评价葛根素的抗诱变性

背景与目的:用TK6人类淋巴母细胞TK基因突变试验评价葛根素的抗诱变性.材料与方法:设溶剂对照组、5 μg/ml甲基磺酸甲酯(MMS)组、5 μg/ml MMS分别加葛根素25 μg/ml、50 μg/ml、100 μg/ml的各试验组、5 μg/ml MMS+100 μg/ml VitC对照组,共6组.按上述分组加入葛根素与MMS处理4 h后测定第0 d的平板接种效率(PE0)、第3 d的平板接种效率(PE3)、细胞悬浮生长率(RSG)和总突变频率(TMF). 结果:100 μg/ml葛根素剂量组能显著降低MMS诱导的TK基因突变频率.结论:在本实验条件下,葛根素在较高剂量范围可抑制MMS诱导的TK6细胞TK基因突变,有潜在的开发应用前景.     

甘蓝汁的抗诱变作用及其机理研究

本文通过微核试验和肝组织中谷胱甘肽－Ｓ－转移酶（ＧＳＴ）活性、还原型谷胱甘肽９ＧＳＨ）含量及细胞色素Ｐ４５０含量测定，在哺乳动物整体水平，从遗传学和生化毒理角学角度研究了甘蓝汁的抗诱变作用及其机理。结果发现，甘蓝汁对环磷酰胺（ＣＰ）诱发的小鼠骨髓多染红细胞（ＰＣＥ）微核细胞率有显著抑制作用，抑制率达４７．２％。Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠饮甘蓝汁１０ｄ后，肝脏ＧＳＴ活性增加２５．０％，ＧＳＨ含量提高４７．８％     

2种微核试验观察硒抗重铬酸钾的诱变效应

本文应用蚕豆根尖细胞微核和小鼠骨髓细胞微核测试法，研究了硒抗重铬酸钾的诱变效应，实验结果表明，在一定试验浓度与剂量范围内，硒与铬均具有较强的致突变效应，与对照组相比有显著性差异，并有良好的剂量效应关系，同时实验结果亦表明：亚硒酸钠单独作用时，有一定的致突变性；而当它与重铬酸钾共同作用时。     

89. 新疆可食用野生植物抗诱变研究

环境中致突变物/致癌物种类多,分布广,人类是不可能完全避免接触。从环境中寻找抗诱变／抗癌因子是预防肿瘤的重要途径。食物,尤其是天然食物,含有较丰富的灭活致突变物或干扰突变过程的抗突变物质,诸如众多的微营养成分或抗氧化成份等,因而“食物防癌”是预防肿瘤的方向,已成为人们的共识。 新疆的可食用野生植物主要分布在高山严寒或沙漠干旱或山谷深渊之区,因而具有较强的可逆性。新疆民间历史上常食用的野生植物有百余种,其中许多种是药食兼用的,但尚未见到系统研究的报道。这一项目是选择传统可食用野生植物中产量较大、营养成分较丰富的野杏、野苹果等26种植物,研究其抗诱变性,旨在为其开发利用,作为抗诱变／抗肿瘤食物资源提供依据。此项目研究的样品来自原产地,现场适时采摘,3天内送到实验室。实验运用国际经典的短测方法体系,包括鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变试验（Ames试验）,小鼠骨髓细胞微试验,SOS显色反应等3项试验。同时检测26种植物对6种已知的诱变剂（CP、MMC、AFB1、NaN3、4NQO和2-AF）的抗诱变性。检测结果共获数据1 169个,其中提示有明显抗诱变性的植物7种,即3项试验均显示为阳性,两项试验为阳性的有16种,一项试验为阳性的有3种。研究的结论是受测的26种可食用野生植物在3项试验中,对已知6种诱变剂均有不同程度的抗诱变性,其中黑果小蘖、欧荚美等7种植物最明显,值得进一步检测其抗癌功效,可优先开发利用其抗诱变/抑癌功效,使其成为抗肿瘤保健食品资源。     

新疆可食用野生植物抗诱变研究

环境中致突变物／致癌物种类多，分布广，人类是不可能完全避免接触。从环境中建筑抗诱变／抗癌因子是预防肿瘤的重要途径。食物，尤其是天然食物，含有较丰富的灭活致突变物或干扰突变过程的抗突变物质，诸如众多的微营养成分或抗氧化成份等，因而“食物防癌”是预防肿瘤的方向，已成为人们的共识。新疆的可食用野生植物主要分布在高山严寒或沙漠干旱或山谷深渊之区，因而具有较强的可逆性。新疆民间历史上常食用的野生植物有百余种，其中许多种是药食兼用的，但尚未见到系统研究的报道。这一项目是选择传统可食用野生植物中产量较大、营养成分较丰富的野杏、野苹果等26种植物，研究其抗诱变性，旨在为其开发利用，作为抗诱变／抗肿瘤食物资源提供依据。此项目研究的样品来自原产地，现场适时采摘，3天内送到实验室。实验运用国际经典的短测方法体系，包括鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变试验（Ames试验），小鼠骨髓细胞微试验，SOS显色反应等3项试验。同时检测26种植物对6种已知的诱变剂（CP、MMC、AFB1、NaN3、4NQO和2－AF）的抗诱变性。检测结果共获数据1169个，其中提示有明显抗诱变性的植物7种，即3项试验均显示为阳性，两项试验为阳性的有16种，一项试验为阳性的有3种。研究的结论是受测的26种可食用野生植物在3项试验中，对已知6种诱变剂均有不同程度的抗诱变性，其中黑果小蘖、欧荚美等7种植物最明显，值得进一步检测其抗癌功效，可优先开发利用其抗诱变／抑癌功效，使其成为抗肿瘤保健食品资源。     

Review of Selenium and Prostate Cancer Prevention

Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in men in the United States. Surgery or radiation are sometimes unsatisfactory treatments because of the complications such as incontinence or erectile dysfunction. Selenium was found to be effective to preven prostate cancer in the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Trial (NPC), which motivated two other clinical trials: the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) and a Phase III trial of selenium to prevent prostate cancer in men with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. However, these two trials failed to confirm the results of the NPC trial and indicated that the selenium may not be preventive of prostate cancer. In this article we review the three clinical trials and discuss some different points which might be potential factors underlying variation in results obtained.     

硒酸酯多糖辅助癌症化疗的临床观察

 对64例Ⅱ－Ⅳ癌症患者，采用随机对照分组(化疗＋硒组，单化组)，观察硒酸酯多糖在化疗期间的辅助效应。结果：化疗加硒组，骨髓毒性低于单纯化疗组，化疗期间感染率低于单化组，但无统计学意义，免疫球蛋白、食欲均优于单化组(P<0.01，P<0.05)有统计学意义，说明硒酸酯多糖在化疗中对机体正常组织有保护作用。     

The Association between Selenium and Prostate Cancer: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Evidence of relationship between selenium and prostate cancer has been inconsistent. The present metaanalysis was conducted to determine relationship between selenium and prostate cancer. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA). We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EBSCO andGoogle scholar search engines and the reference lists of the retrieved papers for relevant data, without any limitationregarding language or time until 2016. Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated using Q test and I2 Index. Finally,a random effects model was used for combining results using STATA software version 11.1. Psignificant. Results: Thirty-eight studies including 36,419 cases and 105,293 controls were included in the final analysis. The pooled relative risk (RR) of relation between selenium and prostate cancer was 0.86 (95% Confidence Interval [CI]:0.78-0.94). Sub-group analyses based on case-control, cohort, and RCT studies gave values of 0.89 (95% CI:0.80-1.00), 0.77 (95% CI: 0.52-1.14) and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.74-1.09), respectively. RRs based on serum, plasma and nail samples were 0.69 (95% CI: 0.51-0.95), 0.85 (95% CI: 0.61-1.17), 0.66 (95% CI: 0.41-1.05), respectively. According to 10 studies, investigated the relation between advanced prostate cancer and selenium in which the RR was 0.67 (95% CI: 0.52-0.87). Conclusions: This meta-analysis indicated that selenium most probably has a protective role against development of prostate cancer and its progression to advanced stages. Therefore, selenium supplementation can be proposed for prevention of prostate cancer.     

奇亚籽急性毒性及遗传毒性研究

目的： 了解奇亚籽的毒理学安全性。方法：采用小鼠急性毒性试验和遗传毒性试验(Ames试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验)对奇亚籽进行研究,小鼠急性经口毒性试验剂量为22.5 g/kg,观察经口给予受试物后14 d内动物的死亡情况;Ames试验设5个剂量,分别为每皿0.008、0.04、0.20、1.0和5.0 mg (每皿给受试物体积为0.1mL),同时设自发回变、溶剂对照(丙酮)和阳性对照(9-芴酮、2-AF、NaN3、MMC、1.8-二羟蒽锟),接种后,在37 ℃下培养48 h,计数每皿回变菌落数;小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验和小鼠精子畸形试验均设3个剂量组,分别为1.875、3.750和7.500 g/kg,同时设溶剂对照组(玉米油)和阳性对照组(环磷酰胺,50 mg/kg),分别观察骨髓涂片中嗜多染红细胞中的微核发生率和精子标本中精子畸形的类型和相应的数量。结果：奇亚籽的小鼠经口最大耐受剂量(maximum tolerated dose,MTD)>22.5 g/kg,为无毒级物质;在Ames试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验和小鼠精子畸形试验中结果均呈阴性;结论：奇亚籽属于无毒级物质,亦不具有遗传毒性。     

头发中硒的含量与子宫颈癌之间的关系研究

目的研究硒(Se)在子宫颈癌发生与发展中的作用.方法使用XDY-1型原子荧光光度法检测81例子宫颈癌、53例妇科良性肿瘤和25例非肿瘤者头发中Se的含量.结果子宫颈癌患者头发中Se含量明显低于良性肿瘤和非肿瘤者(P<0.001),且随子宫颈癌临床期别的增高,Se含量呈逐渐降低趋势.结论头发中Se的含量与子宫颈癌的发生发展有一定的相关性.     

硒联合5-FU对MCF-7乳腺癌细胞株和裸鼠移植瘤抑制作用研究

目的研究硒和5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）对MCF-7乳腺癌细胞株及其裸鼠移植瘤的抑制作用。方法实验分对照组（NS）、5-FU组、亚硒酸钠组（Na2SeO3）和联合用药组（5-FU＋Na2SeO3）4组,体外培养MCF-7乳腺癌细胞,应用四甲基偶氮唑蓝（MTT）比色法检测各组MCF-7细胞的增殖情况,AnnexinⅤ-FITC/PI双染流式细胞技术检测各组细胞的凋亡率;建立裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型,监测各组裸鼠移植瘤的生长情况,免疫组织化学及蛋白质印迹法检测移植瘤组织中Bcl-2、Bax和Caspase-3蛋白表达情况。结果加药处理后,与对照组相比,各用药组MCF-7细胞的增殖均受到抑制,P值均〈0.001,两药联合没有交互性,P=0.864;各用药组MCF-7细胞的凋亡明显增加,P值均〈0.001,两药联合有交互作用,P=0.031;各用药组裸鼠移植瘤质量及体积均显著减小,P值均〈0.001,两药联合有协同作用,P〈0.001;免疫组织化学检测移植瘤组织中Bcl-2蛋白的表达,5-FU组（P=0.036）和Na2SeO3组（P=0.006）显著减少,两药联合没有交互性,P=0.957;Bax蛋白的表达,5-FU组（P=0.006）和Na2SeO3组（P=0.008）显著增加,两药联合没有交互性,P=0.516;Caspase-3蛋白的表达,5-FU组（P=0.004）和Na2SeO3组（P=0.002）显著增加,两药联合没有交互性,P=0.372;蛋白质印迹检测移植瘤组织中Bcl-2蛋白的表达,5-FU组和Na2SeO3组显著减少,P值均〈0.001,两药联合有交互性,P〈0.001;Bax蛋白表达,5-FU组和Na2SeO3组显著增加,P值均〈0.001,两药联合有交互性,P=0.015;Caspase-3蛋白表达,5-FU组和Na2SeO3组显著增加,P值均〈0.001,两药联合无交互性,P=0.139。结论硒和5-FU均可抑制MCF-7乳腺癌细胞株及其裸鼠移植瘤的生长,两药联合具体作用有待进一步实验证实。     

Selenium in Edible Mushrooms

Selenium is vital to human health. This article is a compendium of virtually all the published data on total selenium concentrations, its distribution in fruitbody, bioconcentration factors, and chemical forms in wild-grown, cultivated, and selenium-enriched mushrooms worldwide. Of the 190 species reviewed (belonging to 21 families and 56 genera), most are considered edible, and a few selected data relate to inedible mushrooms. Most of edible mushroom species examined until now are selenium-poor (< 1 μ g Se/g dry weight). The fruitbody of some species of wild-grown edible mushrooms is naturally rich in selenium; their occurrence data are reviewed, along with information on their suitability as a dietary source of selenium for humans, the impact of cooking and possible leaching out, the significance of traditional mushroom dishes, and the element's absorption rates and co-occurrence with some potentially problematic elements. The Goat's Foot (Albatrellus pes-caprae) with ～ 200 μ g Se/g dw on average (maximum up to 370 μ g/g dw) is the richest one in this element among the species surveyed. Several other representatives of the genus Albatrellus are also abundant in selenium. Of the most popular edible wild-grown mushrooms, the King Bolete (Boletus edulis) is considered abundant in selenium as well; on average, it contains ～ 20 μ g Se/g dw (maximum up to 70 μ g/g dw). Some species of the genus Boletus, such as B. pinicola, B. aereus, B. aestivalis, B. erythropus, and B. appendiculus, can also accumulate considerable amounts of selenium. Some other relatively rich sources of selenium include the European Pine Cone Lepidella (Amanita strobiliformis), which contains, on average, ～ 20 μ g Se/g dw (up to 37 μ g/g dw); the Macrolepiota spp., with an average range of ～ 5 to < 10 μ g/g dw (an exception is M. rhacodes with < 10 μ g/g dw); and the Lycoperdon spp., with an average of ～ 5 μ g Se/g dw. For several wild-grown species of the genus Agaricus, the selenium content (～ 5 μ g/g dw) is much greater than that from cultivated Champignon Mushroom; these include A. bisporus, A. bitorquis, A. campestris, A. cesarea, A. campestris, A. edulis, A. macrosporus, and A. silvaticus. A particularly rich source of selenium could be obtained from selenium-enriched mushrooms that are cultivated on a substrate fortified with selenium (as inorganic salt or selenized-yeast). The Se-enriched Champignon Mushroom could contain up to 30 or 110 μ g Se/g dw, while the Varnished Polypore (Ganoderma lucidum) could contain up to 72 μ g Se/g dw. An increasingly growing database on chemical forms of selenium of mushrooms indicates that the seleno-compounds identified in carpophore include selenocysteine, selenomethionine, Se-methylselenocysteine, selenite, and several unidentified seleno-compounds; their proportions vary widely. Some aspects of environmental selenium occurrence and human body pharmacokinetics and nutritional needs will also be briefly discussed in this review.     

Selenium supplementation and colorectal adenomas: an analysis of the nutritional prevention of cancer trial

Selenium status has been inversely associated with colorectal cancers (CRC) and adenomas. This investigation evaluates the association between selenium supplementation and prevalent and incident colorectal adenomas and CRC detected during the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer trial follow-up. Of the 1,312 randomized to 200 mcg of selenized yeast of matching placebo, 598 participants underwent endoscopic screening (flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy) for CRC sometime during the follow-up period, which ended in February 1, 1996. There was no colorectal screening performed at baseline. Of those screened, 77% were male (with a mean age of 62.8 years), 42% were former and 25% were current smokers. Adenomas were classified as prevalent (identified at the first endoscopic examination post-randomization during the follow-up period) or incident (identified at the second or subsequent examination). Ninety-nine prevalent and 61 incident adenomas were ascertained. Logistic regression odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated, adjusting for age, gender and smoking status. For prevalent adenomas, there was a suggestive but nonsignificant decrease in risk associated with selenium treatment (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.43-1.05). Subjects in the lowest tertile of baseline selenium (OR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.09-0.77) and current smokers (OR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.11-0.66) had significant reductions in risk. The OR for incident adenomas was 0.98 (95% CI = 0.57-1.68). In addition to being associated with a reduced risk of incident CRC, selenium supplementation was associated with a significantly reduced risk of prevalent adenomas, but only among subjects with either a low baseline selenium level or among current smokers.     

灵芝多糖对小鼠肿瘤的抑制作用及免疫指标的观察

目的:观察灵芝多糖的抑瘤作用及对小鼠免疫系统的影响。方法:MTT法测定灵芝多糖的细胞毒作用。小鼠荷瘤建立动物模型,观察灵芝多糖对荷瘤小鼠的存活期、抑瘤率和免疫系统的影响。结果:灵芝多糖对肿瘤细胞无直接杀伤作用(P<0.005),体内可延长荷瘤小鼠的存活期;治疗组小鼠的NK细胞活性、淋巴细胞转化率、血清中TNF蛳α均有显著提高。结论:灵芝多糖抗肿瘤作用是通过机体的免疫系统介导的。     

Selenium in serum as a possible parameter for assessment of breast disease

Summary The level of selenium in blood serum was determined in 33 patients with breast cancer, 13 women with verified mastopathy, and 43 healthy subjects from the Zagreb area. In the second and third quartiles the values of selenium obtained from sick subjects (41–58µg/L) and healthy subjects (73–89µg/L) differed significantly (P < 0.001). In the group of subjects with mastopathy, serum selenium in the same way ranged from 67–76µg/L and did not differ significantly from the group of healthy women, but differed significantly from the patients with breast cancer (P < 0.001).Such a result leads to the conclusion that determination of selenium in the blood could be used as a non-invasive diagnostic parameter in clinical assessment of malignant breast disease.