全胃切除超膈顶食管空肠机械吻合临床研究（附102例对比分析）

目的探讨贲门癌和胃上部癌切除术后消化道重建方式。方法全胃切除术后其中60例（本组）采用超膈顶食管空肠机械吻合，42例（对照组）采用膈顶食管空肠端侧手工缝合，同时行空肠袢Brow吻合。结果本组60例，全部治愈，无吻合口瘘，随诊2-27a健存者无吻合口狭窄及返流性食管炎。对照组42例，术后发生并发症5例，死亡2例，两组差别显著，P〈0．01。结论贲门癌及胃上部癌行全胃切除，采用超膈顶食管空肠机械吻合能有效预防术后并发症，提高近期治愈率及远期生活质量。     

老年胃底贲门癌21例手术治疗分析

目的 探讨老年胃底贲门癌的手术治疗方法.方法 对21例老年人胃底贲门癌行经腹近端胃大部切除术,消化道重建:食管与胃之间空肠间置,并进行术后随访.结果 全组患者术后均恢复正常饮食,无死亡及吻合口漏发生.随访术后1a内2例死亡、术后1～3 a 10例死亡、术后3～5a6例死亡、2例无瘤生存5a以上.结论 老年人胃底贲门癌经腹行近端胃大部切除、食管与胃之间空肠间置消化道重建手术,减少了术后并发症,提高了生活质量,远期效果较好,是老年人胃底贲门癌的首选术式.     

食管粘膜延长法预防吻合口狭窄

吻合口狭窄是食管、贲门癌术后主要并发症，严重影响病人的生活、生存质量。1997年3月～1999年3月。作者设计“食管粘膜延长法”行食管与胃或空肠吻合，并对78例食管贲门癌病人采用该术式。术后观察随访，降低了吻合狭窄发生，效果满意。报告如下。     

食管、贲门癌切除术后胸胃瘘4例报告

瘘是食管、贲门癌切除术后的严重并发症之一,过去对于术后瘘的治疗偏于保守,不能进一步区别瘘的发生部位和性质,往往把术后瘘都归为吻合口瘘。本文报告了食管、贲门癌切除术后并发胸胃瘘4例,二次开胸前均诊为吻合口瘘,术后证实是胸胃瘘,其中贲门癌切除术后胸胃瘘2例,食管中段癌切除术后胸胃瘘2例。二次开胸明确了诊断,同时得到了及时处理,收到了好的疗效。本文重点讨论食管、贲门癌切除术后胸胃瘘的诊断、发生原因及处理。     

狭窄环楔形切除治疗食管胃吻合口狭窄

食管癌术后食管胃吻合口狭窄,严重影响患者的后续治疗和生存质量。我院1979年1月～1997年10月,采用经胃壁或食管壁纵形小口切开,直视下楔形部分切除狭窄环,治疗胸内及颈部食管胃吻合口狭窄,效果满意。报道如下。1临床资料1．1一般资料本组5例,男3例,女2例;年龄48～70岁。中段食管癌3例,上段食管癌2例。其中颈部食管胃吻合1例,胸膜顶食管胃吻合1例,弓上食管胃吻合3例。行扩张治疗3例,扩张次数累计10例次。经钡餐透视检查吻合口直径0．2cm～0．5cm,行狭窄环楔形切除术后吻合直径1.5cm～2.0cm。术前行空肠造瘘1例。另1例并左下肺…     

食管贲门癌切除术后胸内胃食管吻合口出血13例诊治体会

胸内胃食管吻合口出血是食管贲门癌切除术后并发症之一。我院 6年来诊治 1 3例 ,现将体会介绍如下。1　临床资料我院 1 995～ 2 0 0 0年共施行食管贲门癌切除、胃食管胸内机械吻合 1 2 6 7例 ,术后发生吻合口出血 1 3例 ,占 1 0 1 %;男 1 0例 ,女 3例 ,年龄 43～ 71岁。非手术治疗 8例 ,8～ 1 0 7ｈ后出血停止 ,输血 80 0～ 2 90 0ｍｌ;手术治疗 5例 ,再手术距第 1次手术结束时间 4～ 1 7ｈ ,输血 2 0 0～ 2 0 0 0ｍｌ。所有病例均痊愈出院。2　讨　论胸内胃食管吻合本组均采用机械吻合。其出血原因有①胃及食管血供丰富 ,食管可能存在静脉…     

胃食管吻合口胸膜化预防胸内吻合口瘘198例分析

我院1998-09~2006-09对198例贲门癌、食管癌根治性切除术后胸内吻合行原位胸膜包盖以达到胸膜化,预防吻合口瘘,疗效满意,现报告如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料本组男176例,女22例,年龄46~79岁。贲门癌(含胃底癌)75例,食管下段癌69例。食管中段癌44例。行肿瘤根治性切除,胃与食管吻合196例,全胃切除食管空肠吻合2例。吻合口位于弓动脉下134例,位于弓上者64例,术后无吻合口瘘,吻合口狭窄2例,手工缝合73例,器械吻合135例,围手术期无死亡发生。1.2操作方法常规手术方式入胸,切开纵隔膜游离食管,位于预计食管吻合口部位前2cm处横向切开纵隔胸膜,再向…     

上腹部斜切口在贲门癌根治术中的应用25例分析

目的：探讨贲门癌根治术中应用上腹部斜切口的适应证及方法。方法：全组25例采用上腹部斜形切口,切口长约15-18 cm。行近端胃切除、食管胃吻合术20例,行全胃切除、食管空肠吻合术5例。结果：25例均行贲门癌根治术。术后第6天开始进食。全组无肺部感染及吻合口瘘发生,均痊愈出院。结论：对贲门癌未侵及食管或食管受累〈2 cm、高龄或心肺功能差的病例,采用上腹部斜切口,术中显露良好、术后恢复快、并发症较少。     

胃上部癌行胃近端大部切除与全胃切除术后患者生活质量比较

目的:比较胃上部癌行胃近端大部切除术和全胃切除空肠间置代胃术患者手术效果对术后生活质量的影响。方法:胃上部癌患者86例,随机数字法分胃近端大部切除术组43例和全胃切除空肠间置代胃术组43例,由同一外科医生进行手术,对术后并发症的发生率、病死率、生存率、体质量指数、生活质量进行5年随访,生活质量评价采用Spitzer指数分析。结果:胃近端大部切除术组和全胃切除空肠间置代胃术组术后发生并发症患者分别为19例和24例,病死率分别为2%(1/43)和5%(2/43),5年生存率分别为53%(23/43),65%(28/43),均无显著性差异。随访5年后,胃近端大部切除组23例,空肠间置代胃组28例没有出现癌复发,两组在体质量指数和Spitzer指数上均无显著性差异。结论:胃上部癌患者行全胃切除空肠间置代胃术与行近端胃大部切除术术后生活质量无明显差异。     

食管贲门癌术后功能性胃排空障碍的原因分析和护理

食管贲门癌切除采用全胃或残胃重建食管形成胸腔胃是目前常用的手术方法 ,但术后功能性胃排空障碍(ＦＤＧＥ)并发症时有发生。 1984年 8月至 2 0 0 2年 5月我院行食管、贲门癌切除术 4 10 2例 ,发生功能性胃排空障碍 11例 ,占 0 2 7%。现将有关护理总结如下。1　资料与方法1 1　临床资料　本组 11例中男 8例 ,女 3例 ,4 2～ 6 8岁 ,平均 5 6岁。食管中段癌及中上段癌各 1例 ,食管下段癌 2例 ,贲门癌 7例。术中行食管胃主动脉弓上吻合 3例 ,颈部食管胃吻合 1例 ,弓下吻合 7例。本组病例术后 3～ 5ｄ肠鸣音恢复 ,肛门排气 ,第 6天拔除胃管 ,…     

心脏介入术中并发急性心脏压塞的抢救与护理

目的研究心脏介入术(CIO)中并发急性心脏压塞(ACT)的抢救与护理。方法将64例患者实施CIO时并发ACT,以数字法随机分成观察组及对照组各32例,2组均实施ACT抢救措施,对照组在此基础上另实施常规护理,而观察组则实施综合护理。对比2组ACT发现率及抢救成功率,2组护理满意情况以及HDL评分情况。结果观察组ACT发现率及抢救成功率均显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组的护理满意情况显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组护理后的焦虑、抑郁评分及总分均显著低于护理前及对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对CIO并发ACT患者,积极予以抢救措施及综合护理,可明显提升抢救成功率及护理满意率,降低HDL评分,减少医患纠纷。     

心脏直视手术中心脏复苏困难的处理

目的：为提高心脏直视手术中心脏复苏率。方法：总结２０例心脏直视手术中心脏复苏困难的处理经验。结果：胸内心脏挤压和中等剂量心脏兴奋剂有利于心脏手术中的心脏复苏；心肌出现粗颤即应尽早除颤，不宜片面追求较高的心脏自动复跳率。对复苏困难病例，依其不同情况，在常规复苏方法的基础上，可采用一些特殊复苏措施，包括消除导致复苏困难的原因、长时间心脏挤压和长时间体外循环辅助、采用外科手段等。结论：有多种因素影响心脏直视手术中的心脏复苏，正确分析判断复苏困难的特殊原因，恰当地采用综合性措施（包括外科手段）进行复苏可收到良好效果。     

Effect of transvenous cardiac resynchronization therapy device implantation on cardiac troponin I release

BACKGROUND: Pacemaker and implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation increases cardiac troponin I (cTnI) levels which indicates myocardial injury. During implantation of a cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) device, balloon inflation for coronary sinus (CS) venogram, cannulation of CS side branch, and electrode advancement may interfere with CS drainage and, hence, may decrease the washout of toxic metabolites from the heart. Thus, CRT implantation may further increase cTnI levels. In this study, we investigated the effects of CRT implantation on cTnI release. METHODS: We included 10 patients (mean age = 57 +/- 15 years) in whom a successful transvenous CRT system was implanted (CRT group). Twenty patients (mean age = 65 +/- 10 years) who underwent a transvenous pacemaker or ICD implantation were included as the control group. Blood samples for cTnI were drawn at baseline and at six, 12, 18, and 24 hours thereafter. RESULTS: Baseline median cTnI levels were similar in CRT and control groups (0.03 ng/mL vs 0.02 ng/mL, respectively; P = 0.1). Postoperative cTnI levels during 24 hours were significantly higher in the CRT group (P < 0.05) by two-way repeated measures of analysis of variance. Post hoc analysis revealed that cTnI levels were higher at the 6th, 12th, 18th, and 24th hours compared to baseline levels (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.01, and P < 0.01, respectively). There was a significant difference in the area under the curves (AUCs) of cTnI measurements (1.79 hr.ng/mL in the CRT group and 0.78 hr.ng/mL in the control group, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Postoperative cTnI levels were higher after CRT implantation than simple pacemaker/ICD implantation. This may be due to CS manipulation during CRT implantation.     

Factors influencing referral of cardiac patients for cardiac rehabilitation.

This study asked the question: Are there differences in the characteristics and referral rates of men and women who are referred for cardiac rehabilitation? The sample consisted of 203 men (n = 148) and women (n = 55) who were hospitalized with at least one cardiac diagnosis and were eligible for Phase II cardiac rehabilitation. Hospital records were reviewed to obtain information on gender, age, ethnicity, insurance coverage, marital status, employment status, proximity to rehabilitation services, transportation availability, concurrent disease processes, domestic responsibilities, documentation of referral for cardiac rehabilitation, and the attending physician. A survey sent to the patients approximately 3 weeks after their discharge from the hospital also addressed these variables. Logistic regression analysis indicated only one predictor of referral: the gender of the physician. Male physicians were more likely to refer patients for cardiac rehabilitation. This finding must be viewed with caution because of the small number of female patients and female physicians included in the study. The current literature reflects conflicting findings about the proposed relationships; therefore, they merit further investigation.     

In-hospital cardiac arrest

In-hospital sudden cardiac arrest and resuscitation is distinct from out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrest (OOHSCA) and warrants specific attention. Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is a manifestation of an underlying process rather than a disease itself. The complex, multiorgan system dysfunction common among the inpatient population can precipitate SCA by both similar and very different mechanisms than OOHSCA. The diagnostic and treatment algorithms of SCA remain largely the same between the inpatient and outpatient arenas. The application of complex diagnostic and therapeutic interventions is permissible, but such tools must not interrupt or delay the important basics of cardiac arrest management in the inpatient setting, including adequate chest compressions and timely defibrillation when appropriate.     

Doppler echocardiography and cardiac pacing

There is a need for a non-invasive method to evaluate the hemodynamic consequences of pacing. The value of Dop pler echocardiography in assessing relative changes in stroke volume and cardiac output is reviewed. We present preliminary observations illustrating the potential value of Doppler echocardiography in cardiac pacing. (PACE, Vol. 5, July-August, 1982)     

Transthoracic pacing in cardiac asystole

A total of 139 patients had transthoracic pacemakers introduced via a subxiphoid approach for asystole during advanced CPR in the emergency department of a large urban teaching hospital over a calendar year. Two groups were examined retrospectively, A) 34 patients who presented asystolic, and B) 99 patients who presented with ventricular fibrillation that became asystole. Age, sex, and etiologies for cardiac arrest were similar in both groups; there were no survivors. The mean duration of asystole before pacemaker insertion was 4 min (group A) to 7 min (group B). Temporary electrical capture was obtained in six patients from group B, but electrical-mechanical association could not be achieved in any of these patients.     

血清心肌肌钙蛋白I诊断新生儿窒息心肌损害的研究

目的 :探讨血清心肌肌钙蛋白 I(c Tn I)诊断新生儿窒息心肌损害的临床价值。方法 :采用免疫化学发光测定法 (CL IA)检测正常对照组 (2 0例 )、轻度窒息组 (2 0例 )和重度窒息组 (2 0例 )新生儿血清 c Tn I浓度。结果 :1血清 c Tn I浓度在窒息新生儿有明显增高 (F=81 .0 7,P<0 .0 1 ) ;对照组 c Tn I(0 .0 5± 0 .0 4)μg/ L与轻度组 (0 .30± 0 .2 8)μg/ L、重度组 (2 .6 5± 2 .73)μg/ L之间两两比较均存在非常显著性差异 (P均 <0 .0 1 ) ;2 4例重度窒息合并有心力衰竭新生儿血清 c Tn I浓度显著增高分别为 4.1 8、5 .40、7.6 7及 1 0 .43μg/ L ,浓度为1 0 .43μg/ L的患儿死亡。结论 :1 c Tn I可作为新生儿窒息心肌损害新的诊断金标准 ,有助于早期诊断 ;2 c Tn I明显增高或许对新生儿窒息合并心衰的预后有参考价值。     

Effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy on cardiac sympathetic nervous dysfunction and serum C-reactive protein level

Background: Cardiac autonomic dysfunction is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with heart failure (HF). Systemic inflammation is elevated in patients with HF. We hypothesized that cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves cardiac sympathetic nervous dysfunction and systemic inflammation. To test our hypothesis, we evaluated cardiac sympathetic activity and serum levels of high sensitive C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) before and after CRT. Methods: Twenty‐seven patients with chronic HF (19 men, eight women; mean age 67 ± 10 years) with nonischemic cardiomyopathy who underwent CRT were evaluated. Each patient was evaluated before and 6 months after CRT. Responders were defined as patients showing ≥15% absolute decrease in left ventricular end‐systolic volume. Cardiac sympathetic activity was estimated with cardiac ¹²³I‐metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigrams. Results: Patients were categorized as responders (n = 19) and nonresponders (n = 8) according to echocardiographic findings. In responders, the mean heart‐to‐mediastinum (H/M) ratio at the delayed phase in cardiac ¹²³I‐MIBG scintigraphic findings was significantly increased (P < 0.05) and serum levels of hs‐CRP were decreased (P <0.01). Such improvements were not observed in nonresponders. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the reduction in hs‐CRP level was independently associated with the increase in the H/M ratio at delayed phase. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that cardiac sympathetic nervous dysfunction and systemic inflammation were improved in responder HF patients to CRT. Furthermore, the reduction in systemic inflammation was associated with the improvement in cardiac sympathetic nervous dysfunction. (PACE 2011; 34:1225–1230)