羟乙基淀粉200/0.5氯化钠注射液预输注在腰麻联合硬膜外麻醉下子宫肌瘤切除术中的应用

目的 观察麻醉前输注羟乙基淀粉200/0.5氯化钠注射液在腰麻联合硬膜外麻醉中预防低血压的效果.方法 将60例择期行子宫肌瘤手术患者分为2组,各30例.麻醉前30min分别输注500mL羟乙基淀粉200/0.5氯化钠注射液（A组）和乳酸钠林格液（B组）.观察麻醉前、起效后1、5、10及15min时点收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）的变化,低血压发生率和恶心呕吐及应用麻黄碱情况.结果 两组麻醉后DBP、SBP比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.B组低血压发生率、恶心呕吐发生率及应用麻黄碱率均高于A组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 预输羟乙基淀粉200/0.5氯化钠注射液较乳酸钠林格液更能预防腰麻联合硬膜外麻醉低血压.     

羟乙基淀粉对剖宫产腰麻后血流动力学的影响

目的 观察剖宫产患者麻醉前预输注羟乙基淀粉后产妇血流动力学变化.方法 选择40例择期剖宫产患者,随机分为预输注羟乙基淀粉组(Ⅰ组)和预输复方氯化钠组(Ⅱ组),观察产妇SBP、DBP及HR变化.结果 两组产妇T1时SBP和DBP都有所提高,T2～T4时SBP和DBP都有所下降,但Ⅱ组下降较Ⅰ组更显著(P＜0.05);T2～T4时Ⅱ组HR明显增快(P＜0.05).Ⅰ组产妇低血压、恶心呕吐明显少于Ⅱ组(P＜0.05),Ⅰ组麻黄碱的使用明显少于Ⅱ组(P＜0.05).术中出血量两组差异无统计学意义.结论 预输注负荷量羟乙基淀粉可有效维持剖宫产患者血流动力学的稳定.     

不同方法预防剖宫产腰麻后低血压的疗效观察

目的 观察比较预输注负荷量羟乙基淀粉及复方氯化钠对预防剖宫产手术腰麻后低血压的有效性及安全性.方法 选择ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级的择期剖宫产患者60例,随机分为两组,每组30例,羟乙基淀粉组（A）复方氯化钠组（B）,在麻醉前30 min分别输注羟乙基淀粉和复方氯化钠预充液500 ml,观察并记录各组患者入室时,麻醉前5 min,麻醉后5min、10 min、15 min血压心率及恶心呕吐等麻醉后不良反应及麻黄素使用情况.结果 两组产妇基础SBp,DBp及HR相似,麻醉后SBp,DBp,下降值及下降率B组高于A组.恶心呕吐发生率及应用麻黄素例数B组高于A组,Apgar评分无显著差异.结论 预输注负荷量羟乙基淀粉能显著改善剖宫产腰麻后的血流动力学,可安全应用于剖宫产手术.     

预输注6％羟乙基淀粉预防腰麻联合硬膜外麻醉后低血压的临床体会

目的：观察麻醉前输注6％羟乙基淀粉在下腹手术应用腰麻联合硬膜外麻醉后预防低血压等不良反应的结果。方法：将60例下腹部及下肢手术患者,随机分为预输注6％羟乙基淀粉组（A组）和预输注乳酸钠林格氏液组（B组）,观察两组患者麻醉后各时点收缩压（SBP）、心率（HR）的变化、低血压发生率。结果：B组在麻醉后SBP下降明显高于A组（P＜0．05）,B组心率增快明显高于A组（P＜0．05）,低血压发生率和应用麻黄碱的量B组也高于A组（P＜0．01）。结论：麻醉前输注6％羟乙基淀粉能有效地预防低血压等不良反应的发生。     

中老年髋关节置换术预输注羟乙基淀粉预防低血压的临床应用

目的 观察预输注负荷量羟乙基淀粉在中老年髋关节置换术中预防低血压的效果。方法 选择31例择期行髋关节置换术的病人,随机分为预输注羟乙基淀粉组(D组)和预输注乳酸钠林格氏液组(F组)。麻醉前分别预输注负荷量为500ml,观察术中患者的MAP,HR波幅及30min最低值以及麻黄碱用量情况。结果 两组病人基础MAP,HR相似。麻醉后低血压发生率F组高于D组。麻黄碱应用例数F组高于D组,D组未出现类过敏反应,肾功能损害及凝血障碍。结论 预输注负荷量羟乙基淀粉在中老年髋关节置换术中可有效预防低血压等不良反应的发生。     

贺斯用于腰麻联合硬膜外麻醉剖宫产的临床研究

目的观察麻醉前输注6％贺斯在剖宫产腰麻联合硬膜外麻醉(CESA)中预防低血压等不良反应的效果。方法选择60例择期ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级CESA下剖宫产病人，随机分为两组(n=30)，麻醉前30min分别输注50ml6％贺斯(H组)和乳酸钠林格液(L组)。观察各时点的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR)的变化、低血压发生率和恶心呕吐及应用麻黄碱的情况。结果L组在麻醉后DBP、SBP下降明显高于H组，低血压发生率和恶心呕吐及应用麻黄碱的例数L组亦高于H组。而HR的变化两组之间差异无显著性。结论麻醉前输注贺斯能有效地预防低血压等不良反应的发生。     

国产羟已基淀粉预扩容用于腰—硬联合麻醉下剖宫产术的临床观察

目的观察国产羟已基淀粉预扩容用于腰—硬联合麻醉下剖宫产术中预防低血压等不良反应的效果。方法将100例剖宫产手术患者,随机分为A组和B组,每组50例,A、B两组于麻醉前分别快速输入国产羟已基淀粉氯化钠注射液和复方氯化钠注射液各500ml预扩容,观察术中产妇的生命体征变化及恶心、呕吐等不良反应及使用麻黄碱情况。结果腰麻注药后,两组患者的SBP、DBP均有所下降,但A组下降不明显,与基础值比较差异无显著性(P>0.05),B组下降明显,与基础值比较差异有显著性(P<0.05或P<0.01);A组低血压、恶心、呕吐发生率及麻黄碱使用率明显低于B组(P<0.01或P<0.05);两组HR改变不明显(P>0.05)。结论麻醉前预充国产羟已基淀粉氯化钠注射液能有效地减少剖宫产腰麻后低血压等不良反应的发生率,提高剖宫产产妇及其胎儿的安全性。     

羟乙基淀粉预扩容应用于腰-硬联合麻醉下剖宫产术的临床观察

目的 观察腰-硬联合麻醉前输入羟乙基淀粉200/0.5(以下简称HES)对麻醉后血压的影响.方法 随机将116例剖宫产手术患者分为A、B两组,每组58例,于麻醉前分别快速输入HES和复方氯化钠溶液各500ml预扩客,观察术中产妇的生命体征变化和恶心、呕吐等不良反应.结果 两组产妇血压均有下降,但A组下降不明显,与基础值相比没有显著性差异,恶心、呕吐发生率明显低于B组.结论 麻醉前预充HES能有效的减少剖宫产腰-硬联合麻醉后低血压的发生率,提高剖宫产手术的安全性.     

预扩容聚明胶肽对腰硬联合麻醉剖宫产术低血压综合征的防治效果

目的:观察麻醉开始前10 min输注聚明胶肽在剖宫产腰硬联合麻醉(CSEA)中预防仰卧位低血压综合征的效果。方法:选择80例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级CSEA下剖宫产患者,随机分为两组(n=40),麻醉开始前10 min分别快速输注聚明胶肽(A组)和乳酸钠林格式液(B组)。观察并记录入室后、腰麻注药时,注药后3、5、10 min及术毕产妇的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、脉搏(HR)、低血压的发生率和恶心呕吐及应用麻黄碱的情况。结果:与入室后相比,麻醉后3、5、10 min时两组SBP及B组DBP均下降,B组SBP术毕仍下降,而HR于麻醉后3、5 min增快;A组DBP 5 min时下降;B组麻醉后3、5 min及术毕SBP较A组低,DBP在麻醉后3、5、10 min时较低,HR在麻醉后5 min时较高。最低SBP和DBPA组均高于B组;最高HR、麻黄素需要量及低血压发生率A组低于B组。结论:麻醉开始前输注聚明胶肽具有良好的扩容效果,能有效地预防腰硬联合麻醉下剖宫产术低血压等不良反应的发生。     

多聚明胶肽用于剖宫产腰麻联合硬膜外麻醉的临床观察

目的: 观察麻醉开始时输注多聚明胶肽在剖宫产腰麻联合硬膜外麻醉(combined epidural and spinal anesthesia,CESA)中预防低血压等不良反应的效果。方法: 选择40例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级CESA下剖宫产患者,随机分为两组(n=20),麻醉开始时分别输注多聚明胶肽(F组)和乳酸钠林格液(L组)。观察各时间点的收缩压(SBP)、心率(HR)的变化、低血压发生率和恶心呕吐及应用麻黄碱的情况。结果: L组在麻醉后SBP下降幅度明显高于F组(P<0.05~P<0.001),低血压发生率和恶心呕吐及应用麻黄碱的例数均高于F组(P<0.05)。而HR的变化两组之间差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。结论: 麻醉开始时输注多聚明胶肽能有效地预防低血压等不良反应的发生。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.