缺损两侧的唇黏膜瓣在修复上唇中部红唇凹陷性缺损中的应用

目的探讨缺损两侧的唇黏膜瓣在上唇中部红唇凹陷性缺损畸形修复中的应用价值。方法在上唇中部红唇凹陷性缺损两侧，红唇与黏膜交界处内侧设计横行反向三角形黏膜瓣，两瓣共蒂于红唇凹陷部位。在缺损正中后部，黏膜瓣画线下方设计“人”形切口。沿设计线切开，掀起黏膜瓣，在该瓣下及两侧上唇切口下方稍加游离口轮匝肌．使其有一定移动度。将两侧口轮匝肌在掀起的黏膜瓣蒂下方正中处对拢缝合。然后将两侧黏膜瓣向下旋转90°，插入其下的“人”形切口内，使上唇中部组织量进一步增加，并加深唇龈沟，而两瓣移植后的共同蒂部“猫耳”正好形成唇珠，逐层缝合切口。结果共26例，其中双侧唇裂术后继发红唇缺损18例，尊侧唇裂术后继发红唇凹陷畸形4例，先天性4例，术后伤口均I期愈合。修复后红唇凹陷处饱满，唇珠明显，上唇外形满意，手术瘢痕小明显。结论应用缺损两侧的唇黏膜瓣转移修复上唇中部红唇凹陷性缺损畸形及唇珠再造，为同类组织修复，效果理想、操作简便、应用范围广泛，对任何原因引起的上唇中部红唇凹陷性缺损畸形均可应用。     

Three-dimensional assessment of nose and lip morphology in subjects with down syndrome

Nasolabial morphology was assessed 3-dimensionally in 28 subjects with Down syndrome aged 12-45 years and in 449 sex- and age-matched controls. Subject and reference data were compared by computing z scores and calculating Student's t tests. The nose was significantly smaller (volume, area) in the subjects with Down syndrome than in the reference subjects, and it had a different shape (more flat angle of alar slope, more acute nasal tip angle). The vertical (length of the nasal bridge, height of the nose) and anteroposterior (nasal tip protrusion) dimensions were reduced, while the horizontal dimensions (alar base width, superior and inferior widths of the nostrils) were increased. The lower lip was significantly smaller (volume, area, vermilion height), while the upper lip was larger (area, vermilion height) in the subjects with Down syndrome. The mouth width was also significantly smaller. In conclusion, the analyzed subjects with Down syndrome had a hypoplastic nose and different upper and lower lips than reference, normal subjects.     

The ��bikini lip reduction��: A detailed approach to hypertrophic lips

Excessively large lips represent an occasional but significant challenge in aesthetic surgery. Previously described techniques focus largely on the simple excision of a strip of tissue to reduce the lips, without specific attention to the resultant lip contour or to the volume relationship between the lips. The present paper describes a new technique for lip reduction, called the ‘bikini lip reduction’. This technique not only reduces the volume of the lips, but also restores an attractive labial contour, as well as an ideal volume relationship between the upper and lower lips. Because it is based on aesthetic analysis, this technique consistently yields both smaller and more aesthetically appealing lips. Simply stated, the bikini lip reduction consists of excision of a ‘bikini top’ (two cups and a middle strap) from the upper lip and a ‘bikini bottom’ (a triangle) from the lower lip. The aesthetic results and the patient satisfaction achieved through the bikini lip reduction technique have been very satisfactory.     

以唇动脉为蒂的唇瓣修复中度和重度唇全层缺损

目的探讨中、重度全层唇缺损的修复方法.方法在缺损一侧或两侧(若缺损较大,一侧唇瓣不够用时)设计以唇动脉为蒂的唇瓣向缺损区推进转移修复全层唇缺损.若缺损较大,单纯用缺损两侧口唇组织仍不足以修复时,可将一侧唇瓣向外侧延伸绕过口角至另一侧上或下唇(根据缺损是在下唇或上唇),形成包括上下唇组织在内的大型唇瓣向缺损区推进修复缺损.若缺损为单纯的红唇缺损,唇瓣切口应沿唇弓设计.结果临床应用于67例,其中上唇38例,下唇29例.缺损最大水平宽度3.5 cm,最小1.6 cm.单纯红唇瓣20例,红白唇瓣47例.单侧唇瓣10例,双侧57例.所有唇瓣均全部存活,伤口Ⅰ期愈合,修复后的口唇丰满,外形满意.结论唇动脉血管恒定,唇瓣血供可靠,本法不仅能用于单纯红唇缺损的修复,还可广泛用于红、白唇同时缺损的修复,因是用同类组织修复,且组织量丰富,故术后能完全恢复口唇所特有的红、白唇结构及功能,是修复中、重度全层唇缺损的理想方法.     

Mucous-flap method for cleft-lip revision using transverse everted full-length lower-lip flap

In patients who had undergone the first surgery for cleft lip and in whom the volume of tissue was smaller for the upper lip than for the lower lip, transfer of tissue from the lower lip using a full-length mucous flap allowed the tissue volume of the upper lip to be increased and external appearance of the lips to be improved. The subjects of this study were 6 patients who underwent this surgery between February and September 2001 and were followed for up to 3 years postoperatively. This surgery can be performed under topical anesthesia, without necessitating restriction on mouth opening and oral ingestion. Furthermore, it allows easy adjustment of the tissue volume in both upper and lower lips. This operative procedure is recommended for cases of cleft lip where surgical treatment has been performed before and the tissue volume is smaller in the upper prolabium than in the vermilion.     

双侧唇红矩形瓣前唇原长双侧唇裂修复术

目的介绍双侧唇红矩形瓣前唇原长双侧唇裂修复术的应用。方法双侧唇裂患者29例,男性20例,女性9例。其中双侧完全裂15例,不完全裂11例,混合裂3例,均采用双侧唇红矩形瓣前唇原长法进行修复。首先采用传统的原长法原则修复唇白。修复唇红时,在两侧唇红设计形成包括黏膜和部分口轮匝肌的矩形瓣,并沿干湿唇交界线水平切开前唇,将两侧矩形瓣向下内旋转至前唇唇红对接缝合。缝合时口轮匝肌肌束的断端尽可能广阔而平整的接合,以恢复正常的环形结构。结果所有患者的创口均Ⅰ期愈合,上唇高度宽度适中,唇珠明显,无口哨畸形。结论该方法修复双侧唇裂,方法简单可靠,去除组织少,术后能获得较好的鼻唇外形,口唇功能较好,值得在临床推广。     

Lip Augmentation with AlloDerm Acellular Allogenic Dermal Graft and Fat Autograft: A Comparison with Autologous Fat Injection Alone

Many surgical options exist for lip augmentation, none of which consistently provide safe, lasting, and predictable volume gains. We describe and evaluate the use of AlloDerm acellular allogenic dermal graft in combination with fat autograft and compare the postoperative results with those of autologous fat injection alone. Analysis of the preoperative and 1- and 3-month postoperative photographs was done using digital imaging software. Outcome measures included vermilion show and horizontal lip projection from the soft tissue pogonion–subnasale plane. A 61% mean increase in vermilion show was observed in lips augmented with AlloDerm/fat injection, in comparison to a mean increase of 13% in lips augmented with fat injection alone. Lip projection demonstrated a mean increase of 1 mm in AlloDerm/fat lips at 3 months. Postoperatively, no evidence of resorption was seen in lips augmented with AlloDerm/fat between the 1- and the 3-month follow-ups, however, a 9% decrease in vermilion show occurred in lips augmented with fat injection over the same period. No complications occurred in either group. We conclude that AlloDerm in conjunction with autologous fat injection constitutes a safe, reliable, and lasting method of lip augmentation providing increased vermilion show compared to that with autologous fat injection alone.     

汉族青年女性口唇形态与面型的相关性研究

目的:测量汉族青年女性唇部软组织正常值,探讨唇部软组织正常值间相关性以及与面型的关系。方法:选择2012~2013级在校女学生(共70名,年龄18~19岁;均为汉族),采用面部软组织直接测量口唇各部高度均值、口列宽度均值、正面三庭均值、面宽均值、形态面高和容貌面高均值、内眦距离均值。结果:面部软组织直接测量获得口唇各部高度均值(唇高:3.45±0.608、上唇高:1.95±0.317、上白唇高:1.29±0.326、上红唇高:0.67±0.201、下唇高:1.55±0.349、下白唇高:0.79±0.336、下红唇高:0.77±0.199、上下红唇高:1.48±0.297)cm、口列宽度均值(4.37±0.341)cm、正面三庭均值(上庭:5.92±0.770、中庭:5.75±0.427、下庭6.07±0.607)cm、面宽均值(14.40±1.174)cm、形态面高(11.85±1.144)cm和容貌面高(18.59±1.234)cm均值、内眦距离均值(3.32±0.339)cm。结论:1建立青年女性口唇形态测量相关指标的正常参考值;2口裂宽与内眦距离(P=0.005)、上唇高(P=0.000)、唇高(P=0.007)有正相关(P0.01),唇形态改变的趋势是越厚越宽,越窄越薄;3上唇高(P=0.043)、下唇高(P=0.004)和唇高(P=0.011)与上庭有正相关;4唇高与唇各部高度(除下红唇高无相关)均呈正相关,且与上唇高和下唇高相关性显著(P=0.000);上唇高与唇各部高度(除下白唇高无相关)均呈正相关,且与上红唇高、上下红唇高、上白唇高及唇高相关性显著(P=0.000),而与下红唇高有相关性(P=0.002),且上红唇高对上唇高影响较上白唇高影响大;下唇高与下白唇高(P=0.000)、唇高(P=0.000)相关性显著,颏唇沟位置对下唇高度影响大;上红唇高与上下红唇高相关性显著(P=0.000);(P0.01);5唇各部高度和宽度与容貌面高、形态面高和面宽无相关性(P0.05)。6以上唇形态正常参考值及相关性对整形外科提供形态学基础。     

改良Black术式修复完全性双侧唇裂畸形

目的 探讨采用改良Black术式修复先天完全性双侧唇裂畸形效果.方法 应用改良的Black术式修复先天完全性双侧唇裂畸形36例,其中前唇组织特别短小者19例,皮肤、唇珠组织不足,均采用裂隙侧唇组织修复.结果 术后随访全部受术者3个月至3年,前唇部唇高正常,两侧唇高对称,唇珠丰满,唇弓静态及动态自然,上唇无明显过长、过紧,唇珠与红唇颜色无差异,切口瘢痕不明显,效果满意.结论 改良术式弥补了Black术式修复双侧完全性唇裂前唇组织特别短小的患者时,出现中央唇高不足、唇珠不够丰满的缺陷,使修复的上唇功能及美容效果更佳,值得临床推广.     

改良Black术式修复完全性双侧唇裂畸形

目的 探讨采用改良Black术式修复先天完全性双侧唇裂畸形效果.方法 应用改良的Black术式修复先天完全性双侧唇裂畸形36例,其中前唇组织特别短小者19例,皮肤、唇珠组织不足,均采用裂隙侧唇组织修复.结果 术后随访全部受术者3个月至3年,前唇部唇高正常,两侧唇高对称,唇珠丰满,唇弓静态及动态自然,上唇无明显过长、过紧,唇珠与红唇颜色无差异,切口瘢痕不明显,效果满意.结论 改良术式弥补了Black术式修复双侧完全性唇裂前唇组织特别短小的患者时,出现中央唇高不足、唇珠不够丰满的缺陷,使修复的上唇功能及美容效果更佳,值得临床推广.     

改良Black术式修复完全性双侧唇裂畸形

目的 探讨采用改良Black术式修复先天完全性双侧唇裂畸形效果.方法 应用改良的Black术式修复先天完全性双侧唇裂畸形36例,其中前唇组织特别短小者19例,皮肤、唇珠组织不足,均采用裂隙侧唇组织修复.结果 术后随访全部受术者3个月至3年,前唇部唇高正常,两侧唇高对称,唇珠丰满,唇弓静态及动态自然,上唇无明显过长、过紧,唇珠与红唇颜色无差异,切口瘢痕不明显,效果满意.结论 改良术式弥补了Black术式修复双侧完全性唇裂前唇组织特别短小的患者时,出现中央唇高不足、唇珠不够丰满的缺陷,使修复的上唇功能及美容效果更佳,值得临床推广.     

特殊大口畸形整复手术方法探讨

目的：探讨修复特殊大口畸形的一种新方法。方法：对于特殊大口畸形，应首先恢复口角位置，然后修整上唇长度、红唇和唇高。测量口角恢复正常位置后至唇珠的长度并且两侧长度基本相等，根据所测量的上唇长度对上唇的畸形部位沿唇线切开分离后形成“z”形的唇红瓣，再进行对偶缝合弥补唇高不足，对口轮匝肌进行修整归位缝合以填补组织缺失，避免唇红凹陷。结果：施行手术9例，特殊大口畸形的口角基本恢复到正常位置，上唇长度和红唇基本对称，唇高适中，大口得到缩小，闭唇时齿不外露，修复后切口无明显瘢痕增生，整形美容效果良好。结论：本术式首先恢复口角正常位置，在口角恢复正常位置后对唇红、唇高等部位进行改形，重点在形态美方面修整，是修复特殊大口唇畸形的较理想方法。     

下唇交叉粘膜瓣修复外伤性上唇唇红缺损

目的：探讨针对外伤性上唇唇红部分缺损畸形的修复方法。方法：应用下唇交叉粘膜瓣，分两次手术修复上唇部分唇红缺损，唇红瓣面积最小为1．8cm×1．0cm，最大为3．0cm×2．0cm。结果：自2002年3月以来，应用下唇交叉粘膜瓣修复外伤性上唇唇红部分缺损患者共10例，粘膜瓣全部成活良好，术后外观满意。结论：应用下唇交叉粘膜瓣修复外伤性上唇唇红部分缺损畸形，具有较强的临床适应证。     

透明质酸在红唇注射填充术中的临床应用

目的 探讨应用透明质酸进行红唇注射填充美容的临床效果.方法 自2010年7月至2013年10月,应用透明质酸对32例求美者进行红唇注射填充美容.注射方法为线性或连续多点注射,注射层次为口轮匝肌浅面,观察临床效果、维持时间及不良反应.结果 本组共32例求美者,注射填充治疗后,美容效果明显;上唇填充量为0.8～1.5ml,平均1.1ml;下唇填充量为0.5～1.2ml,平均0.8ml.维持时间6～8个月.注射后即刻,局部肿胀,未发生血管栓塞、感染、出血、红斑等并发症.结论 利用透明质酸进行红唇注射填充,是一种安全有效的方法,值得推广使用.     

Computer-assisted analysis contour lines of aesthetic unit for the assessment of lip augmentation

Background

Lip augmentation and changing contour lines have become more popular ways of improving the appearance. However, validated measures of lip fullness for quantification of outcomes are needed; ethnic background and personal goals can optimise outcomes while tailoring lip enhancement treatment to each individual’s anatomy. The aim of this study is to analyse the morphological features of the lip in detail and to clarify the objective parameters in related with the subjective ones regarding the lip augmentation and lip reconstruction.

Methods

Standard photographs of the lips of 200 young Anatolian adults were calculated with linear and angular components. The features of the lower third of the face were analysed with the software program. Linear analyses (heights of the upper lip, the upper vermilion, the lower lip height, the lower vermillion and the chin height) and angular analyses (the upper lip, the lower lip, the apex and Cupid’s bow angles) were measured as reference points. The lip shape was classified into five groups: thin, very thin, medium, full and very full.

Results

The lower third of the face was divided into three segments (Sn–Sto, Sm–Me and Sto–Sm), and the largest portion of the lower face was occupied by the chin and the smallest by the lower lip height in both genders. The upper vermilion height was 8.07?±?1.8 mm in males and 7.08?±?1.5 mm in females. The lower vermilion height was 10.1?±?2.4 mm in males and 9.7?±?1.9 mm in females. The upper lip angle was calculated as 30.3?±?9.6° in males and 24.2?±?6.2°mm in females. The lower lip angle was calculated as 38.3?±?9.7° in males and 36.5?±?6.4° in females. Meanwhile, the angular measurements of Cupid’s bow (i.e., the apex and the central angle of Cupid’s bow) were smaller in men than in women. When the lip was analyzed, the medium and full types in upper and lower lips accounted for substantial fractions in men, whereas medium and thin types were predominant also in women.

Conclusions

With the help of certain software, this research has made possible to define the best cosmetical redesign solution of lip construction and augmentation with a natural appearance for the patient.Level of Evidence: Level III, diagnostic study.

     

Augmentation cheiloplasty by using mucomuscular flaps

If one excludes the controversial use of silicone injections and the not fully researched new biomaterials for implant (e.g., Gore-Tex), there are no lip augmentation techniques that give stable and lasting results. Collagen and dermal or fascial grafts are almost always reabsorbed. Local flaps (either W or V/Y) give only a slight outward protrusion of the lips and do not increase volume and therefore have negligible cosmetic impact. In plastic surgery flap rotation is standard practice when the objective is stable tissue reconstruction. We feel that this technique achieves lasting increases in lip volume. Therefore, we propose the rotation of a mucous-muscle flap obtained from the inner cheek wall or from the other lip, the fulcrum of which is the labial commissure. The surgical technique is given in detail here together with the results and complications of 28 cases.Presented at the 12th International ISAPS Congress, Paris, France, September 7, 1993     

红唇瓣推进修复双侧唇裂继发红唇缺损

目的 介绍一种双侧唇裂术后继发红唇缺损的修复方法。方法 于缺损红唇的两侧红白唇交界处或其稍上方按需要向其两侧各设计红唇瓣，缺损范围大都可将一侧红唇瓣设计至口角下唇处，按设计切开解剖游离以唇动脉为蒂的红唇轴型瓣，向缺损区推进修复缺损。结果 临床应用15例。缺损宽度1.0-1.2cm，所有唇瓣全部成活，术后唇外形满意。结论 以唇动脉为蒂的红唇瓣推进修复红唇缺损，方法简便，唇瓣血供可靠，疗效满意，可广泛用于修复各种原因引起的红唇适当大小的部分缺损。     

Secondary unilateral cleft lip repair: combining rotation-advancement principles with a cross-lip muscle-vermilion flap

Any lip without a complete philtral complex looks unnatural. This important anatomical entity can be recovered in many lips primarily closed with straight-line or Mirault-Blair-Brown-McDowell procedure. In these patients, combining a rotation-advancement upper lip revision with tubercle reconstruction using a cross-lip vermilion-orbicularis oris muscle flap results in a rotation-advancement scar ideally located in the skin of the upper lip and no scar in the skin of the lower lip. The tubercle is reconstructed as a unit from lower lip vermilion and muscle. The scar in the lower lip is restricted to the vermillion and therefore becomes extremely subtle and difficult to detect. The many scars resulting from a standard Abbe flap are avoided. Even patients with lip deformities considered too mild for a standard Abbe flap no longer need be denied lip revision when the cupid's bow is deficient.     

Quantitative analysis of lip appearance after V-Y lip augmentation

OBJECTIVE: To quantitatively analyze the changes in the 3-dimensional appearance of the lips after V-Y lip advancement for lip augmentation. DESIGN: A retrospective single-blinded study of patients who had a V-Y lip augmentation from January 1999 to December 2001. Standardized anterior and lateral preoperative and postoperative digital photographs of patients were analyzed using digital imaging software to quantify postoperative changes. RESULTS: There were statistically significant increases in the vertical height of the upper red lip (75%) and in the area of the upper red lip (66%). The upper and lower lip projection increased by approximately 40%. The vertical distance from the apex to the trough of Cupid's bow increased by 56.7%. CONCLUSIONS: The V-Y lip advancement for lip augmentation increases the parameters that characterize the fullness of the upper lip and enhances the vermilion "pout" and projection of the upper and lower lip. It also increases the curvature of Cupid's bow.     

改良Matsuo＇s法矫正口哨唇畸形临床应用

目的：探讨唇裂术后继发口哨唇畸形的治疗方法。方法：在Matsuo＇s法基础上改进缺损二侧唇粘膜瓣转移矫正红唇部的缺损,同时还可以减缓上唇的张力、加深唇龈沟。结果：采用改良的Matsuo＇s法治疗口哨唇75例,组织瓣成活良好,均获得满意的唇部形态。结论：改良的Matsuo＇s法简便易行、术后效果稳定,是Ⅰ度、Ⅱ度口哨唇畸形矫治的良好方法。