一氧化氮合酶对增生性瘢痕影响意义的研究

目的观察一氧化氮合酶（Nitrogen oxide synthetase，NOS）在增生性瘢痕与正常皮肤组织及细胞中的表达特征及其差别．并通过应用NO供体或NOS抑制剂对培养的瘢痕成纤维细胞进行体外药物干扰，探索NO、NOS在增生性瘢痕形成中的作用。方法取临床增生性瘢犍下．术病人的瘢痕组织及周围少许正常皮肤，体外培养获得皮肤和穰痕成纤维细胞．通过免疫细胞化学及RT—PCR方法比较两种组织及细胞中NOS的表达及分布的差异。分别以100～500μM的NO供体硝普钠（Sodium nitroprusside，SNP）、NOS抑制剂N-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯（L—Arginine methyl，L-NAME）作用于瘢痕成纤维细胞，观察细胞增殖的变化；并用免疫细胞化学和RT—PCR方法比较作用前后成纤维细胞中Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原表达的变化。结果免疫组化检测及RT—PCR方法检测显示增生性瘢痕组织及细胞中NOS表达相对于皮肤组织及成纤维细胞中明显减少（p〈0．05）。瘢痕细胞经SNP作用后，细胞增殖显著降低。免疫细胞化学方法和RT-PCR方法检测Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原结果显示，从SNP200μM组开始Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原表达显著降低（p〈0．05）。经L—NAME200μM作用后，Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原表达显著增加（p〈0．05）。结论增生性瘢痕组织及细胞中NOS含量较正常皮肤组织及细胞明显减少，NO供体SNP对体外培养的增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞增殖以及胶原表达起到抑制作用，NOS抑制剂L—NAME对其胶原表达则起到促进作用，结果提示NOS表达降低可能与瘢痕增生密切相关，因此改变NO的产生及NOS的活性可望调控瘢痕成纤维细胞的生物学行为．     

应用基因芯片技术研究成年男性精子的基因表达

目的:初步研究健康成人精子中基因的表达情况。方法:收集成年男性活力正常的精子,提取总RNA,以健康成人淋巴细胞总RNA作对照。两组RNA逆转录为cDNA之后,cDNA经酶切、加接头后进行RD扩增,在扩增同时分别掺入Cy3(精子)和Cy5(淋巴细胞)荧光染料标记,标记样品与自制的精子基因表达谱芯片杂交。结果:检测发现在560个基因片段中,有72个基因表达上调,321个基因表达下调,另外167个基因表达无差异。其中与基因复制、转录、翻译及调控等相关的基因表达基本属于无差异表达类型或低表达类型,而与精子发生相关的基因、精子本身的特异性抗原等基因显著高表达,精子中糖酵解相关基因表达上调,而与氧化磷酸化相关的基因则表达下调。结论:在健康成人精子中有丰富的基因表达,而且基因的表达与精子自身的功能和特点相一致。     

p53基因和C—erbB—2基因在胃癌中的表达

为探讨ｐ５３基因和Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２基因与胃癌组织分型、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、肝转移、腹膜种植及预后关系，应用免疫组化方法检测了胃癌组织中的ｐ５３基因和Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２的表达情况，结果发现ｐ５３阳性染色率为２４／７２（３３．３％），Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２阳性染色率２０／１０６（１８．９％）。ｐ５３阳性染色与胃癌淋巴结转移、胃癌组织分型及Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２基因表达呈高度相关。Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２阳性染色与胃癌腹膜种植、肝转移以及肿瘤组织分型呈正相关。ｐ５３阴性表达５年生存率（４８．９％）显著高于阳性表达（１７．６％）（Ｐ＜０．０５）。Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２阴性表达５年生存率（３８．６％）高于阳性表达（２１．７％），但无统计学差异。单因素和多因素分析显示ｐ５３表达是一个独立的预后因素。单因素分析Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２表达对预后无影响。     

The FTO Obesity Gene. Genotyping and Gene Expression Analysis in Morbidly Obese Patients

BACKGROUND: Obesity has emerged as one of the most serious public health concerns in the twenty-first century. the fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) has been found to contribute to the risk of obesity in humans. Our aims in this study were to investigate the association of rs9939609 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the FTO gene with different obesity-related parameters, to assess the FTO gene expression in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues from morbidly obese and its correlations with other adipocytokine gene expressions. METHODS: The association between the rs9939609 FTO gene variant and obesity related parameters in 75 obese/morbidly obese adult patients and 180 subjects with body mass index (BMI) < 30 kg/m(2) (control group) was examined. Gene expression analyses: subcutaneous adipose tissue samples were obtained from 52 morbidly obese and five subjects with BMI < 30 kg/m(2). Visceral adipose tissue was also obtained from 35 morbidly obese patients. Weight, height, BMI, SBP, DBP, fasting glucose, lipid profile, proinsulin, insulin, leptin, and adiponectin (RIA) of patients were also obtained. Insulin resistance by HOMA(IR). rs9939609 of FTO genotyping using allele discrimination in real-time PCR. Genomic study of RNA extraction of adipose tissue and real-time PCR (RT-PCR) of adipocytokines and a housekeeping gene were quantified using TaqMan probes. Relative quantification was calculated using the DeltaDelta Ct formula. RESULTS: The minor-(A) allele frequency of rs9939609 FTO gene in the whole population was 0.39. A strong association between this A allele and obesity was found, even after age-sex adjustment (p = 0.013). We found higher levels of FTO mRNA in subcutaneous adipose tissue from morbidly obese than in the control group (p = 0.021). FTO gene expression was lower in visceral than in subcutaneous adipose depot. However, this finding did not reach the level of statistical significance. A negative correlation between subcutaneous FTO gene expression and serum triglyceride levels and a positive correlation with leptin, perilipin, and visfatin gene expressions was found. In the visceral adipose tissue, these positive correlations were statistically significant only for perilipin. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show: (1) A strong association between rs9939609 SNP of the FTO gene variant and obesity in Spanish morbidly obese adult patients; (2) positive correlations between FTO mRNA and leptin, perilipin, and visfatin gene expressions in subcutaneous adipose tissue; (3) FTO and perilipin gene expressions were positively correlated in visceral fat depot. Overall these results may suggest a role of FTO in the regulation of lipolysis as well as in total body fat rather in fat distribution patterns.     

附睾特异性基因的表达与调控

哺乳动物的附睾是一条高度卷曲的管道系统,附睾上皮是执行附睾功能的重要组成部分。附睾上皮蛋白质的合成与分泌,为精子提供了一个特殊的、不断改变的管腔液体环境,使其在附睾内运行过程中获得运动能力并最终达到功能成熟。附睾特异性表达的基因具有高度区域化的特征,受雄激素和(或)睾丸因子的调控,在出生后发育中呈现时空特异性的表达模式,这些都提示它们在附睾中发挥着重要而独特的作用。     

Conditional Gene Expression: A New Tool for the Transplantologist

The ability to generate genetically manipulated mice has revolutionized the study of development, cell biology, immunobiology and transplantation. Conventional gene targeting approaches lead to inactivation of the target gene in all tissues. This approach often has unintended consequences, such as embryonic lethality, which preclude studying the originally intended tissue. Newer approaches allowing conditional gene expression in a tissue-specific or temporally controlled fashion have the advantage of normal development with gene deletion only in the desired tissues. While nuances to these techniques continue to be developed, the underlying concepts remain consistent. This minireview focuses on the use of conditional gene targeting in mice using the Cre-loxP system and drug inducible gene expression using the tetracycline system.     

带自身启动子的bgaB基因在枯草芽孢杆菌中的表达

将来源于嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌的启动子连同β-半乳糖苷酶bgaB基因经PCR扩增后,连接在T载体上,再取代枯草杆菌载体pZ01-bgaB的启动子,将其在枯草杆菌宿主WB600中表达.经摇瓶发酵20h,得到乳糖酶活力6.37U/mL,比活力3.814U/mg,SDS-PAGE电泳显示有明显重组蛋白质条带.证明了嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌来源的启动子在枯草杆菌中是完全适用的.     

Obesity-related Differential Gene Expression in the Visceral Adipose Tissue

Background:This study investigates the expression patterns in human adipose tissue, and identifies genes that may be involved in the abnormal energy homeostasis. Methods: Subjects were prospectively recruited from morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery and from non-obese organ donors. Extensive clinical data and visceral fat specimens were obtained from each subject at the time of surgery. A group of 50 obese patients and 9 non-obese controls were selected for further study. Two custom two-color cDNA microarrays were produced with 40,173 human individual cDNA clones. Microarray experiments were performed for each sample, and a selected group of gene expression values were confirmed with real-time RT-PCR. Results: A comparison of gene expression profiles from obese and non-obese patients identified 1,208 genes with statistically significant differential expression between the 2 groups. Most prominent among these genes are multiple glycolysis enzyme encoding genes; others are involved in oxysterol biosynthesis and signaling, or are ATP-binding transporters and solute carriers. Conclusion: Differential gene expression in the adipose tissue of morbidly obese patients includes genes related to lipid and glucose metabolism, membrane transport, and genes promoting the cell cycle. These findings are a first step toward clarifying the molecular pathogenesis of obesity and identifying potential targets for therapeutic intervention.     

Conditional Control of Gene Expression in the Mammary Gland

Identifying gene function during mammary gland development and function remains a technical challenge. For example, if a gene deletion is lethal during early embryogenesis, there is no opportunity to study its effects on the development or function of the gland. Similarly, if a dominant gain of gene function alters early mammary gland development, then its specific role during lactation cannot be assessed. Conditional gene expression systems can be used to circumvent these problems. Gene deletions or dominant gain experiments can be performed in an organ or cell type specific manner at specific timepoints using inducible gene expression systems. This review focuses on tetracycline responsive transactivation and Cre-lox systems. Other tetracycline regulatable (tet system)³ or hormone inducible systems and the Flp recombinase system are discussed as alternative approaches. Each system is described. The advantages and disadvantages of each for studying gene function in the mammary gland are discussed. Finally, the role of mammary gland transplantation in these genetic studies is examined.     

颅缝早闭症相关实验荧光定量PCR内参基因的选择研究

目的探讨用于颅缝早闭症相关实验的荧光定量PCR的最佳内参基因。方法应用与颅骨成骨、颅缝闭合相关的3组实验标本,分别为:Fgfr2cC342Y/+Crouzon综合征小鼠颅缝组织、颅缝早闭患者体外培养颅缝原代细胞和体外培养的小鼠Kusa 4b 10成骨细胞株。以常用的候选管家基因作为研究对象,利用geNorm软件对RT-qPCR结果进行比较分析,以筛选出在不同组织细胞中表达最为稳定的管家基因作为内参。结果Fgfr2cC342Y/+小鼠颅缝组织,Cyc1-Gapdh-Canx为最佳组合;颅缝早闭症患者体外培养颅缝原代细胞,18S rRNA和ATP5B为最佳组合;体外培养的小鼠Kusa 4b10成骨细胞株,18S rRNA和Canx为最佳组合。选择不同内参基因对目的基因RT-qPCR的结果影响显著。结论在设计RT-qPCR实验之前,应针对所选择的标本类型与种类进行管家基因稳定性分析,以增加结果的可信度。