甲状旁腺全切除加前臂自体移植术治疗尿毒症继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的手术护理

目的 探讨甲状旁腺全切除加前臂自体移植术治疗尿毒症继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的围手术期护理和手术配合.方法 对1999年11月～2009年10月30例尿毒症继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进患者实施手术治疗,进行了围手术期护理配合.术前做好心理护理,术中熟悉手术过程,积极配合手术,术后严密监测各项指标,预防出血、感染等并发症的发生.结...     

腔镜下甲状旁腺切除加前臂移植术中护理配合

【】目的：探讨甲状旁腺全切除加前臂自体移植手术的术中配合技巧 方法：回顾15例尿毒症继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进患者腔镜下甲状旁腺全切加前臂移植术手术配合情况。结果：15例手术均顺利完成,未发生由于手术器械故障或配合不良导致手术时间延长或改变术式,无并发症及手术意外的发生。结论：全面的围手术期护理和密切的手术配合可缩短手术时间,增加手术安全性,降低并发症的发生。     

甲状旁腺全切除在慢性肾病合并甲状旁腺亢进症中的应用

目的探讨在慢性肾病合并甲状旁腺亢进症的治疗中采用甲状旁腺全切除术的评价。方法回顾分析8例慢性肾病合并甲状旁腺功能亢进症的患者行甲状旁腺全切除加自体甲状旁腺移植术的临床资料、手术方式及经验。结果 8例患者无围手术期死亡,未发生切口感染、出血、血肿等并发症,术后骨痛、皮肤瘙痒、骨代谢异常减轻或消失,失眠、燥热、肌无力、不安腿症状30d内迅速缓解,术后3个月检测甲状旁腺素(iPTH)明显下降,半年后摄X线片无骨质疏松症。结论甲状旁腺全切除加前臂自体甲状旁腺移植术是治疗继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进安全、可行、疗效满意的手术方式。     

甲状旁腺全切加前臂自体移植术治疗继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的围术期护理

目的 观察甲状旁腺全切除(PTX)加自体前臂移植术治疗尿毒症患者严重继发性甲状旁腺亢进(SHPT)的临床疗效,总结围术期护理体会。方法 予以手术前心理护理、安全告知和术前准备,术中护理,术后病情观察、补钙和透析的护理。结果 患者术后未出现并发症,临床症状明显好转。结论 围术期采取各项积极有效的护理措施,可取得安全、良好的手术效果。     

尿毒症甲状旁腺摘除联合自体移植术的护理体会

目的肾功能衰竭尿毒症甲状旁腺摘除联合自体移植术护理配合及要点探讨。方法回顾分析15例甲状旁腺切除联合自体移植术患者术前访视、术中护理。结果15例患者手术成功,安全送入监护病房,症状减轻。结论对肾功能衰竭尿毒症甲状旁腺切除联合自体移植术实施针对性的术前指导,周密细致的手术配合,是确保手术成功、缩短手术时间、减少术后并发症、提高治愈率、减轻症状的重要保障。      

尿毒症甲状旁腺切除术加前臂自体移植术的护理

总结了10余例尿毒症伴甲状旁腺功能亢进行手术切除甲状旁腺加前臂自体移植术患者术前术后的护理方法。包括术前心理护理及常规准备,术后的一般护理、引流管护理、伤口护理、动静脉瘘管护理、检测钙磷及PTH、维持钙平衡、并发症的观察等。得出结论：配合医疗做好细致而又到位的全方面的护理, 是确保手术成功和患者顺利康复的重要因素。     

甲状旁腺切除加前臂种植术治疗尿毒症继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症的护理

总结了77例甲状旁腺切除加自体前臂移植肾术治疗尿毒症继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症患者手术后的护理体会。护理重点是术前做好全面检查、深静脉置管、预防性用药;术中做好配合;术后严密监测生命体征,密切观察血清血清甲状旁腺激素和血清离子钙的水平,根据监测水平补充钙剂,预防低钙血症、窒息、静脉炎等并发症的发生,同时做好心理护理,做好健康指导和随访。认为对行甲状旁腺切除加前臂种植术治疗尿毒症继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症的患者给予周密、细致的围手术期护理,有利于预防并发症、促进患者早日恢复。     

甲状旁腺全切除加前臂移植术治疗继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进患者的护理观察

目的观察甲状旁腺全切除加自体前臂移植术对尿毒症并发继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进患者生活质量的影响。方法选择2014年4月~2015年10月血液透析治疗难治性继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进患者12例,观察患者手术前后甲状旁腺激素、血钙、磷及相关临床症状的变化。结果 12例患者血钙、血磷水平均较术前显著下降,术后骨痛及瘙痒症状明显缓解,血压、生活质量及全身营养、贫血状况明显好转(P0.01)。结论甲状旁腺全切除加自体前臂移植术治疗尿毒症并发的继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进患者术后,患者生化指标甲状旁腺激素、血钙、血磷下降,骨痛、瘙痒等症状改善,生活质量明显提高。     

甲状旁腺切除术治疗尿毒症继发甲状旁腺功能亢进患者的围手术期护理

目的 分析58例尿毒症继发甲状旁腺功能亢进患者的围手术期护理体会,总结并提出护理措施。 方法 术前对患者进行心理护理及疾病宣教,术后做好低血钙症护理、透析护理及骨痛的护理等。结果 本组58例患者术后血钙及PTH均下降,骨痛症状均缓解。随访1年,3例患者因PTH升高再次行前臂移植甲状旁腺切除术,余患者症状均得到改善。结论 有重点的围手术期护理可以为手术顺利创造条件,保证手术效果、提高患者生活质量。     

终末期肾病透析患者甲状旁腺全切除加前臂移植81例术后危重期的护理

总结81例终末期肾病透析继发甲状旁腺功能亢患者进行甲状旁腺全切除加前臂移植术后危重期的护理。护理上注重对循环系统的严密监护,尽早拔除气管插管提高患者的舒适度,加强手术部位和移植侧前臂的观察,监测钙离子浓度,做好疼痛的护理,及时排解患者孤独情绪和注意隐私保护,促进患者甲状旁腺功能的恢复,使患者平稳度过术后危重期。81例患者未出现严重并发症,均按时转回专科进行后续治疗。     

Intraoperative blood sampling for parathyroid hormone measurement during total parathyroidectomy and autotransplantation in patients with renal hyperparathyroidism

Normalisation of intact parathyroid hormone serum level confirms sufficient resection of parathyroid tissue after total parathyroidectomy in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. The short half-life of the intact parathyroid hormone is such that complete resection may even be confirmed by intraoperative monitoring of the hormone, and operative exploration thus reduced. We tested intact parathyroid hormone serum levels in 9 patients during total parathyroidectomy, preoperatively, after the removal of each gland, after autotransplantation and 1 month postoperatively. The serum levels of the intact parathyroid hormone were significantly reduced after removal of each gland. The total percentage decrement after parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation was 77%. However intact parathyroid hormone levels had normalised in all patients one month after the operation. The absence of perioperative normalisation of intact parathyroid hormone serum levels in our patients cannot be defined as a predictor of incomplete resection in total parathyroidectomy. The definition of an intraoperative cut-off-level concerning the decrement of intact parathyroid hormone levels remains to be proven in further studies.     

SPECT-CT 99mTc-MIBI显像在纵隔内异位甲状旁腺诊治中的应用价值

目的 探讨SPECT-CT99mTc-MIBI双时相显像对继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症患者,纵隔内异位甲状旁腺的精确定位诊断价值。方法 98例继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症的患者进行99mTc-MIBI双时相平面和断层显像,所有患者均进行同机诊断CT成像。对纵隔内异常放射性浓聚灶融合图像分析、定位。结果 发现纵隔内异位甲状旁腺6例(6/98,6.1%)。其中4例甲状旁腺切除术后患者:3例仅见纵隔甲状旁腺显影,另1例患者的有2处甲状旁腺,分别定位于甲状腺左叶和纵隔内;2例药物治疗患者中有1例仅见纵隔甲状旁腺显影,另1例患者也为2处甲状旁腺,分别定位于甲状腺右叶后方和纵隔内。结论 99mTc-MIBISPECT-CT显像真正做到了解剖图像和功能图像的融合,是最有效的探测异位甲状旁腺的方法,可帮助外科医生缩小探查范围,缩短手术时间,更容易找到异位甲状旁腺。     

62例次继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症行甲状旁腺切除术的临床分析

目的 回顾总结难治性尿毒症继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症(secondary hyperparathyroidism,SHPT)患者行甲状旁腺切除术(parathyroidectomy,PTX)的临床特点和疗效。方法 2008年9月至2011年7月的60名血液透析患者,平均年龄48.1±9.2岁;平均透析龄102.1±31.0月,共行PTX62例次。对比分析患者手术前后症状、全段甲状旁腺激素(intact parathyroid hormone,iPTH)、钙磷等变化,总结手术并发症、病理结果、SHPT复发及预后等临床特点。结果 62例次手术,甲状旁腺全切加前臂自体移植术(total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation,tPTX+AT)34例(占54.8%),甲状旁腺全切术(不移植)(total parathyroidectomy without autotransplantation,tPTX)共28例(占45.2%)。合并骨骼改变或异位钙化者达51例(82.3%)。术后绝大部分患者的骨痛及瘙痒症状在数天内缓解,2位患者出现一过性声音嘶哑(3.2%),无吞咽困难、呛咳、窒息等。术后低钙血症发生率较高,1周内需要静脉、口服或高钙透析补钙达60例(96.8%)。术后6个月需要静脉补钙者38例(61.2%),术后12月仍需要少量静脉补钙者12例(19.4%)。所有患者甲状旁腺病理上均有结节增生(100%),有的伴钙化、出血、囊变;合并甲状旁腺腺瘤3例(4.8%);合并弥漫性增生仅2例(3.2%)。术前iPTH为1716±874.1ng/ml,磷2.0±0.3mmol/L,钙2.5±0.2mmol/L,术后iPTH(P<0.05)、血清磷(P<0.05)、血清钙(P<0.05)水平均较术前显著降低,且iPTH、磷较长时间维持正常。术后随访13.7±9.8月,2例为甲状旁腺残留再次行手术;SHPT复发6例,均为全切加前臂自体移植术组,其中2例证实为移植物复发,行移植物切除术后恢复正常;其余经活性维生素D控制正常。3例血管钙化严重者死于术后8周至9月。结论 PTX是治疗难治性尿毒症SHPT的一种安全、有效的手段。长期和不同术式的疗效待进一步观察。     

维持性血液透析的CKD合并SHPT患者甲状旁腺次全切除术后骨密度变化

目的 评估合并继发甲状旁腺功能亢进（SHPT）的慢性肾脏病（CKD）维持性血液透析患者甲状旁腺次全切除术后骨密度变化。方法 收集CKD血液透析后因合并SHPT接受甲状旁腺次全切除术的33例患者（手术组）和37例单纯药物治疗的同类患者（药物组）的临床资料。所有患者治疗前后均接受胸部CT扫描,以胸骨为测量位置,观察CT测量的骨钙积分变化,比较2组血钙、血磷、甲状旁腺激素以及骨密度等数据,分析手术与否和骨密度变化的关系。结果 手术组治疗前后血钙、血磷、甲状旁腺激素以及骨密度差异有统计学意义（P均< 0.05）,骨密度升高;药物组治疗前后血钙、血磷、甲状旁腺激素以及骨密度差异无统计学意义（P均> 0.05）。控制了年龄因素后,手术与否和骨密度变化存在相关性（P < 0.05）。结论 对血液透析后出现SHPT的CKD患者实施甲状旁腺次全切除术有助于改善其骨密度。     

Transient hyperthyroidism after total parathyroidectomy for tertiary hyperparathyroidism: A report of two cases

Surgical removal of enlarged parathyroid glands is the treatment of choice in most cases of tertiary renal hyperparathyroidism. Complications of this surgical procedure are rare. We report two cases of patients who developed acute hyperthyroidism after total parathyroidectomy with parathyroid autotransplantation for refractory tertiary hyperparathyroidism. The patients had no history or biochemical or radiologic evidence of thyroid disease. They were not taking drugs affecting thyroid function. Thyroid function (thyroid stimulating hormone, free T(3) and free T(4)) was measured preoperatively, immediately after surgery and again three months later. Total parathyroidectomy was successful in both patients. Circulating levels of parathyroid hormone were at the lower limit of normal values. Postoperative thyroid function tests demonstrated acute hyperthyroidism with a rapid increase in free T(3) and T(4) levels above normal and a drop in thyroid stimulating hormone below normal in both patients. The course of hyperthyroidism was short (normalization of fT(3) and fT(4) values within 14-21 days). Neither patient had symptoms of thyrotoxicosis. Transient hyperthyroidism may be an under-recognized complication of total parathyroidectomy for tertiary hyperparathyroidism. These patients should be monitored with thyroid function tests and assessed for clinical signs attributable to thyrotoxicosis.     

Total parathyroidectomy alone or with autograft for renal hyperparathyroidism?

Seventy-six patients underwent parathyroidectomy for renal hyperparathyroidism. There were 10 subtotal parathyroidectomies, 49 total parathyroidectomies with implantation of part of one gland as an autograft, nine total parathyroidectomies with no autograft, and eight patients in whom only three parathyroid glands were found. In 34 dialysis patients who underwent total parathyroidectomy with an autograft there was a high rate of recurrent hyperparathyroidism after 6 years in those remaining on dialysis. Fifty per cent had asymptomatic recurrent hyperparathyroidism and 30 per cent required partial autograft excision for symptomatic hyperparathyroidism. In contrast, recurrent hyperparathyroidism was rare in renal transplant recipients with good renal function. This favourable outcome did not depend upon whether parathyroid surgery was performed before or after transplantation, or on the type of parathyroidectomy. Total parathyroidectomy without an autograft was performed in nine dialysis patients without any short-term adverse effects, and with clinical and pathological improvement in bone disease. In summary, the results of surgery for renal hyperparathyroidism were excellent in patients who received a successful renal transplant. However, there was a high incidence of recurrent hyperparathyroidism in patients who remained on long-term dialysis. Total parathyroidectomy without an autograft may be the treatment of choice in patients unlikely to receive a renal transplant.     

超声引导下经皮无水乙醇注射治疗透析患者继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的护理

目的 探讨超声引导下经皮甲状旁腺腺体内无水乙醇注射(percutsneous ethanol injec-tion therapy,PEIT)治疗透析患者继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的临床效果.方法 对7例继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进透析患者行超声引导下PETT治疗,并进行术前、术中、术后护理及健康教育等全程护理.结果 7例患者PETT治疗均顺利进行,患者无意外事故及并发症发生,患者严重瘙痒和骨痛明显缓解.结论 对继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进透析患者行PETT治疗并辅以有效护理能减少并发症的发生,提高患者生活质量.     

Parathyroidectomy in chronic renal failure: a nine-year follow-up study

Seventy-three patients with chronic renal failure who underwent parathyroidectomy between March 1978 and April 1987 were reviewed. Thirty-four patients had undergone sub-total parathyroidectomy, and 39 patients had undergone total parathyroidectomy with parathyroid autograft into the forearm. Eight patients showed persistent hyperparathyroidism requiring a second surgical procedure. In all other patients there was highly statistical improvement in parathyroid hormone, total calcium, ionized calcium, alkaline phosphatase and a significant reduction in calcium x phosphate product. Histological evidence of osteitis fibrosa was present in 21 of 22 patients before surgery. Postoperatively, four showed complete resolution and improvement. Three patients developed histological evidence of osteomalacia during the study period. Only four of the 39 patients who underwent total parathyroidectomy with autograft had true recurrent hyperparathyroidism and only two of the 34 patients who underwent sub-total parathyroidectomy had recurrent disease, indicating that there is little to choose between the two techniques in the control of secondary hyperparathyroidism and its subsequent recurrence. In one patient with recurrence of hyperparathyroidism from a forearm parathyroid graft the histological picture was different from that of normal hyperplastic parathyroid tissue. Although it is probable that abnormal parathyroid tissue had been implanted there was no evidence of invasive growth into the forearm muscle. The most striking feature of long term follow-up was the difference in calcium x phosphate product in patients in whom vascular calcification increased compared to those patients with no change or regression of calcification. Mean calcium phosphate product in those patients with progressive vascular calcification was 4.93 for small and medium size vessels and 5.38 for large vessels compared to 4.10 for small and medium vessels and 4.09 for large vessels. In the former case the serum phosphate was 2.00 and 2.17 as compared to 1.75 or 1.73, suggesting that the aim in patients with end stage renal failure maintained by dialysis should be to control the serum phosphate concentration to 1.8 mmol or less and the calcium x phosphate product to less than 4.2.     

60例全耳郭再造与听力重建同步手术病人的围术期护理

[目的]总结先天性小耳畸形病人行全耳郭再造与听力重建同步手术的围术期护理。[方法]对60例（68耳）先天性小耳畸形病人行全耳郭再造与听力重建同步手术,同时加强围术期心理护理、负压引流的护理、疼痛护理和压疮的预防等。[结果]60例病人术后出现术区渗血1例,再造耳感染2例,经处理均恢复良好;均未出现面瘫、眩晕、耳鸣等并发症,病人术后听力均有不同程度提高。[结论]加强全耳郭再造与听力重建同步手术病人围术期护理是手术成功的保证。     

喉癌喉功能重建病人的围术期观察与护理

[目的]总结喉癌喉功能重建病人的围术期观察与护理措施。[方法]回顾性分析23例喉癌病人行喉功能重建的临床资料。[结果]本组病人7d～10d后拔除胃管,进流质饮食;颈部切口及气管造口均7d拆线,一期愈合,未发生咽瘘、气管造口感染等并发症;经过2周的规范化训练,术后发音效果I级7例,Ⅱ级9例,Ⅲ级4例,3例全喉切除病人可正确使用电子喉发音。[结论]加强喉癌病人行喉功能重建的围术期护理是手术成功的保证。