阑尾杯状细胞类癌1例及文献复习

杯状细胞类癌是一种很少见的肿瘤，主要发生于阑尾，具有类癌和腺癌分化的组织学特征，较一般类癌恶性度高，阑尾切除不足以达到治疗目的。国内文献偶见报道，我院近年遇见1例，报道如下。     

阑尾杯状细胞类癌1例

患者女性 ,4 1岁。因转移性右下腹痛 12ｈ入院。入院检查血象 :ＷＢＣ 8 1× 10 9/Ｌ ,Ｎ 0 80。在急诊入院后行阑尾切除术。病理检查　眼观 :阑尾长约 6ｃｍ ,直径 1 2ｃｍ ,表面附有脓苔。切面见腔内为脓粪样物 ,壁增厚 ,在距离盲端 1ｃｍ处浆膜面见一淡黄结节 ,大小为 0 4ｃｍ× 0 4ｃｍ× 0 3ｃｍ。镜检 :在急性化脓性炎的背景下见由杯状细胞构成小巢 ,小腺泡或腺管广泛浸润阑尾各层 ;细胞核异型不明显 ,未见核分裂象。其间尚见一种小圆细胞 ,大小形态一致 ,胞核位于中央 ,核略圆形 ,细胞排列呈线样、小梁状浸润于肌层间 ,以实性巢…     

阑尾杯状细胞类癌1例

患者男性,53岁,因右下腹隐痛1个月余入院。术中见阑尾增粗肿胀,灰红色。标本采用4％中性福尔马林固定,石蜡包埋,4μm厚切片,HE染色,光镜观察,并对石蜡切片采用免疫组化EnVision两步法染色,所用抗体均为Dako公司产品。     

阑尾杯状细胞类癌谱系的病理分类和临床生物学行为

典型的阑尾类癌起源于黏膜层上皮下神经内分泌细胞,可分泌胺和肽类激素。然而,阑尾杯状细胞类癌（GCC）具有部分神经内分泌分化和肠型杯状细胞形态的混合性特征,由于其同时具有神经内分泌分化和腺分化的特点,导致其在病理学分类、预后的估计和临床的治疗方面存在困难。作者回顾性研究了63例阑尾GCC,并根据原发性肿瘤的组织学特征将其分为经典杯状细胞类癌（A组）和除外杯状细胞类癌的腺癌,其中除外杯状细胞类癌的腺癌又进一步分为印戒细胞癌型（B组）和低分化腺癌型（C组）。     

阑尾类癌临床分析（附8例报告）

目的：探讨阑尾类癌的临床特点及治疗效果。方法回顾性分析1999年1月~2009年1月收治的8例阑尾类癌患者的临床资料。结果患者术后恢复顺利,均痊愈出院。随访3~10年,均无复发和转移。结论阑尾类癌缺乏特异性的临床表现,术前难以作出明确诊断,手术是主要的治疗手段,手术方式应根据肿瘤大小,部位及浸润深度来决定。本院治疗阑尾类癌的临床效果良好。     

以卵巢肿物为首发表现的阑尾杯状细胞腺癌2例并文献复习

目的 探讨以卵巢肿物为首发表现的阑尾杯状细胞腺癌(goblet cell adenocarcinoma, GCA)的临床病理学特征。方法 回顾性分析2例阑尾GCA及其转移形成的卵巢Krukenberg瘤的临床病理学及免疫表型特征,采用免疫组化法对2例进行检测,并复习相关文献。结果 2例阑尾GCA均以卵巢肿物为首发表现。卵巢肿物术中冷冻病理检查提示为Krukenberg瘤,腹腔探查发现阑尾肿物,术后病理检查诊断为阑尾GCA。免疫表型：肿瘤细胞同时表达腺上皮(CK20、CDX2等)和神经内分泌标记(CD56、Syn、CgA等)。结论 卵巢肿物术中冷冻病理检查考虑为Krukenberg瘤时,需警惕阑尾来源可能。阑尾GCA较少见,镜下表现多样,病理医师应加强对其组织学形态的认识。     

Goblet cell carcinoid of the appendix: a specific type of carcinoma

AIMS: Goblet cell carcinoid is a poorly understood tumour of the appendix. The aim of this study was to determine whether it should be regarded as a separate entity or as a variant of classical carcinoid. METHODS AND RESULTS: The immunohistochemical expression pattern of 21 markers and the mutation status of KRas codon 12 were determined in 16 goblet cell carcinoids and compared with 14 classical carcinoids, 19 colonic adenocarcinomas and 10 appendiceal mucinous cystadeno (carcino)mas. The results were subjected to a stepwise linear discriminant analysis. Goblet cell carcinoids were significantly different from the control groups. The most important markers for discriminating between the groups were CEA (classical carcinoid versus all others), KRas mutation (present in all mucinous cystadeno (carcino)mas), beta-catenin (goblet cell carcinoid versus left sided colonic adenocarcinoma) and chromogranin (goblet cell carcinoid versus right sided colonic adenocarcinoma). Expression of Math1 and HD5 was similar in goblet cell carcinoid and colonic adenocarcinoma but absent in classical carcinoid. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that goblet cell carcinoids should be regarded as a separate entity. The formerly used term 'crypt cell carcinoma' may be more appropriate because it reflects the more aggressive clinical behaviour of these tumours as well as their greater similarity to adenocarcinomas rather than to carcinoids.     

阑尾管状类癌2例报道及文献复习

目的 探讨阑尾管状类癌的临床病理特点及免疫表型.方法 对2例阑尾管状类癌进行组织学观察及免疫组化分析,并复习文献.结果 2例阑尾管状类癌均为女性,分别为16岁和23岁,临床表现均为右下腹痛,术前均诊断为急性阑尾炎,肿瘤均位于阑尾尖部,直径分别为2 mm和3 mm,组织学上肿瘤细胞异型性小,排列成不连续的管状和短索状结构.免疫表型:CD56、NSE及CgA均呈局灶性阳性,Syn及CK20均为阴性,1例CK7为局灶性阳性,CEA均为弥漫性阳性.随访均为无瘤生存.结论 阑尾管状类癌极为罕见,体积很小,上皮及神经内分泌免疫标记均有表达,局部切除即可治愈,须与转移性腺癌鉴别诊断.     

Goblet cell carcinoid of the appendix: Investigation of the expression of beta-catenin and E-cadherin

Goblet cell carcinoids are rare neoplasms that predominantly occur in the appendix. In this report we present a case of goblet cell carcinoid of the appendix. A 58-year-old male patient complaining of pain in the right lower quadrant was diagnosed with acute appendicitis and underwent an appendectomy. Histological examination of the resected appendix revealed goblet cell carcinoid. Infiltration of tumor cells beyond the appendix was observed and the surgically resected margin was positive for tumor cells. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was diffusely detected by immunohistochemistry, and cytokeratin 20, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), chromogranin A and serotonin were focally observed in the tumor cells. The expression of beta-catenin and E-cadherin was investigated to compare with that of typical rectal carcinoids (n = 3) and colon adenocarcinomas (n = 3). In normal colonic and rectal mucosae, beta-catenin and E-cadherin stained positive on the plasma membrane. In the case reported here, beta-catenin showed a preserved expression on the plasma membrane of goblet cell carcinoid; a pattern similar to typical carcinoids rather than to adenocarcinomas. However, E-cadherin demonstrated a reduced expression on the plasma membrane of the tumor cells. This staining pattern was identical to those both of carcinoids and of adenocarcinomas. These findings suggest the possibility that, in some cases, the adherens junctions of goblet cell carcinoids are similar to those of typical carcinoids rather than to those of adenocarcinomas.     

Goblet cell carcinoid of the vermiform appendix with ovarian metastasis mimicking mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

We describe a case of goblet cell carcinoid of the vermiform appendix, which metastasized to the bilateral ovaries, uterus, vagina and peritoneum three years and four months after appendectomy. The appendiceal tumor showed transmural infiltration of carcinoembryonic antigen-positive goblet cell-type tumor cells, intermingled with a small number of argyrophilic cells immunoreactive for serotonin and chromogranin A. The presence of neurosecretory-type granules was confirmed ultrastructurally in some mucin-negative tumor cells. The pattern of proliferation was typical of carcinoid tumor originating from the lower-most part of the mucosa, and showed lymphatic permeation. The metastatic lesions in the pelvic organs showed either diffuse infiltration of goblet cell-type tumor cells or mucinous cystadenocarcinoma-like features, the latter being evident in the right ovary. No neuroendocrine component was identified in the metastatic deposits. The kinship of appendiceal goblet cell carcinoid to adenocarcinoma is discussed.     

Goblet cell carcinoid tumor of the appendix. Report of five cases and review of the literature.

Five cases of goblet cell carcinoid tumor of the appendix showed characteristic histologic features that justified classification of these lesions as mucinous variants of carcinoid tumor. The tumor has low-grade malignancy, and metastases are uncommon. Resemblance to mucinous adenocarcinoma of the appendix is striking, and the features that help to differentiate the two lesions are delineated.     

Clear cell carcinoid of the appendix: Report of two cases with literature review

The clear cell/lipid‐rich change has been described in neuroendocine tumors in several organs, but rarely observed in the appendix. In this study, we describe the morphologic, immunohistochemical features of incidentally discovered appendiceal carcinoids entirely represented by clear cells in a 22‐year‐old man and a 52‐year‐old woman. Ultrastructual examination demonstrated abundant lipid droplets and dense core granules. The mechanism leading to lipid accumulation in the cytoplasm has not been discovered, but degenerative processes following recurrent inflammatory change might be considered. This uncommon variant of appendiceal classic carcinoid tumors may bear a superficial resemblance to goblet carcinoid and/or appendiceal metastases from clear cell carcinoma. Awareness of clear cell carcinoid of the appendix will prevent incorrect diagnosis and unnecessary aggressive management.     

Goblet cell tumors of the appendix: A review

Goblet cell tumors are rare tumors of the appendix that exhibit both neuroendocrine and mucinous differentiation. This dual differentiation has led to a controversy regarding the proper classification of these neoplasms as to whether they should be considered neuroendocrine tumors or adenocarcinomas. Multiple grading systems have been proposed that were able to segregate these tumors into prognostically significant groups. Many of these grading systems rely on identifying and/or quantifying the carcinomatous growth pattern. Goblet cell tumors show patchy and focal expression of neuroendocrine markers and are characterized by a mutational profile that is different from both appendiceal adenocarcinomas and neuroendocrine tumors. They exhibit a more aggressive behavior than neuroendocrine tumors, and as such, many authors recommend that they be approached and treated as adenocarcinomas.