髌腱末端病运动员膝关节屈伸峰力矩和表面肌电图的特征(英文)

背景:髌腱末端病是腱止点部位的微细损伤,股四头肌群中的股内侧肌与股外侧肌之间的力量平衡发生变化,可直接导致髌骨产生异常运动从而对腱止点部位产生影响。目的:分析髌腱末端病发生机制和髌腱末端病对膝关节及其周围肌肉活动产生的影响。方法:选择10名患有髌骨肌腱病的男运动员及10名运动项目、身高和年龄匹配的正常男运动员,采用瑞士CON-TREX等速肌力测试与训练系统,分别进行膝关节力量和表面肌电图的测试,比较与分析膝关节屈肌力矩、伸肌力矩和股四头肌表面肌电图的变化。结果与结论:发现在等长运动时,末端病组的伸肌伸肌峰力矩明显小于对照组、峰值转矩比比值明显大于对照组;在等速运动时,末端病组的伸肌伸肌峰力矩明显小于对照组,并随着运动角速度增加而变化显著,而峰值转矩比比值均不同程高于对照组;末端病组的股内侧肌/股外侧肌的整合肌电图比值在等长运动和等速运动时,均明显低于对照组。提示髌腱末端病运动员膝关节屈肌与伸肌的力量差距较为突出,存在股内侧肌活动低下和股内侧肌与股外侧肌之间不平衡的现象。     

髌腱末端病运动员膝关节等速向心和离心运动时股四头肌表面肌电的变化

背景:髌腱末端病是腱止点部位的微细损伤,股四头肌群中的股内侧肌与股外侧肌之间的力量平衡发生变化,可直接导致髌骨产生异常运动从而对腱止点部位产生影响.目的:比较与分析髌腱末端病运动员膝关节力学特征和股四头肌表面肌电图的变化规律,为髌腱末端病的预防与治疗提供参考依据.设计、时间及地点:病例一对照观察,于2009-06/07在苏州大学体育学院运动机能评定实验室完成.对象:选择忠有髌腱末端病的男性运动员10人为髌腱末端病组,年龄(21.44±1.51)岁.配对选择10名无膝关节伤病的运动员作为正常对照组,年龄(21.37±1.36)岁.方法:对两组受试者分别进行膝关节力量和表面肌电测试,比较与分析膝关节屈肌力矩、伸肌力矩和股四头肌表面肌电的变化.主要观察指标:①等速运动时两组对象屈伸肌力矩的比较.②两组对象股四头肌表面肌电积分值的比较.③两组对象股内侧肉和股外侧肌表面肌电积分值比率的比较.结果:向心运动和离心运动时,末端病组屈伸肌峰力矩比值显著高于对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),股内侧肌表面肌电积分值显著低于对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),两组股外侧肌和股直肌表面肌电积分值差异均无显著性意义.向心运动和离心运动时,末端病组股内侧肌,股外侧肌比值均明显低于对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论:髌腱末端病运动员膝关节屈肌与伸肌的力量差距较为突出,存在股内侧肌活动低下和股内侧肌与股外侧肌之间不平衡的现象.     

髌腱末端病运动员膝关节动作反应的变化特征

目的:通过对股四头肌收缩过程中的电机械应答现象分析,探讨髌腱末端病运动员膝关节动作反应特征。方法:选择单侧膝关节患有髌腱末端病(PT)的男性运动员11例,分别在屈膝30°、60°和90°条件下,进行膝关节最大伸膝力量(MVC)、动作反应时(TRT)和股四头肌sEMG的测试,比较PT侧和对侧膝关节的TRT和股四头肌的反应前时(PMT)、电机械延迟(EMD)以及sEMG积分值的变化。结果:屈膝30°、60°和90°时,PT侧膝关节TRT均较对侧延长(P<0.05),PT侧膝关节在屈膝30°时的股内侧肌PMT和屈膝90°时的股外侧肌PMT,与对侧比较均延长(P<0.05);PT侧膝关节股内侧肌、股外侧肌和股直肌的EMD与对侧比较均延长,且以股内侧肌EMD变化最为显著。结论:髌腱末端病股四头肌存在肌电激发和收缩时间延迟现象,股四头肌收缩非同步化增加是引起膝关节动作反应迟缓和力量下降的主要因素。     

膝骨关节炎患者与正常人股内侧肌、股直肌和股外侧肌收缩特征的对照研究

目的 应用表面肌电图和等速肌力评测方法比较膝骨关节炎患者与正常人股内侧肌、股直肌、股外侧肌肌肉收缩特征,包括收缩速度、收缩力量和抗疲劳性.方法 34例膝骨关节炎患者参与观察组;34名健康人参与对照组.两组的年龄、身高、体重、性别、左右侧、Q角相匹配.所有受试者均在膝关节屈曲10°、60°、100°等长伸膝和等速60°/s、180°/s伸膝运动测试模式下,进行股内侧肌、股直肌和股外侧肌的表面肌电图和股四头肌肌力的评测.采用独立样本 t检验对两组评定指标包括募集速率、平均振幅、峰力矩/体重比、疲劳指数分别进行对比分析.结果 ①观察组股内侧肌在膝屈60°等长伸膝测试和等速60°/s、180°/s伸膝测试中募集速率较对照组减小;股直肌在膝屈60°等长伸膝测试和等速60°/s伸膝测试中募集速率较对照组减小;股外侧肌在等长膝屈10°和100°伸膝测试和等速60°/s伸膝测试中募集速率较对照组减小( P＜0.05).②观察组股内侧肌、股直肌在等速60°/s、180°/s伸膝测试中平均振幅较对照组增大;观察组股直肌、股外侧肌在等长膝屈10°伸膝测试中平均振幅较对照组增大( P＜0.05).③观察组股内侧肌、股直肌和股外侧肌在膝屈10°、60°、100°等长伸膝和等速60°/s、180°/s伸膝运动测试模式中峰力矩/体重比均小于对照组( P＜0.05).④观察组在等速180°/s伸膝测试中股四头肌耐疲劳能力较对照组增强( P＜0.05).结论 膝骨关节炎患者患侧股内侧肌、股直肌和股外侧肌的收缩速度减慢、收缩力量减小、抗疲劳性增加.     

膝骨关节炎患者股内侧肌、股直肌和股外侧肌间的协调性

目的应用表面肌电图和等速肌力测定方法比较膝骨关节炎患者与正常人股内侧肌、股直肌和股外侧肌间的协调性改变。方法34例膝骨关节炎患者和34名膝关节健康者在膝关节屈曲10°、60°、100°等长伸膝和等速60°/s、180°/s伸膝运动测试模式下,进行股内侧肌(VM)、股直肌(RF)和股外侧肌(VL)的表面肌电图和股四头肌肌力的评测,包括肌肉激活启动顺序和VM/VL神经肌电比值。结果与正常人对比,膝骨关节炎患者在等速180°/s伸膝运动时VM相对于VL启动延迟（P＜0.05）;在膝屈10°等长伸膝运动时,VM/VL神经肌电比值降低（P＜0.05）。结论膝骨关节炎患者患侧股四头肌的协调性减退。     

骨与关节损伤的诊治 第6讲 髌骨骨折

１外科解剖 髌骨是人体内最大的籽骨,位于股四头肌腱内,常在２～３岁时出现骨化中心,亦可推迟至６岁左右。髌骨外形呈三角形,下端为顶点;上极宽厚,有股四头肌腱附丽,髌内、外侧缘分别接纳来自股内侧肌和股外侧肌的纤维;下极是髌腱起点。髌骨后方３／４有关节软骨覆盖,主要分为内侧和外侧关节面,与股骨远端滑车相关节。 髌骨的血运由伸膝装置之外的疏松结缔组织内的骨外血管网所提供。有几支血管参与组成了这个血管网,包括：膝上正中血管,内外侧的膝上、下血管,以及胫骨返血管下支等。进入髌骨内的血供主要由进入髌骨体前方中部…     

影响髌骨运动学的因素

23例髌股关节疼痛(PFP)妇女和12例非PFP妇女抗阻伸膝过程中通过运动性核磁共振(KMRI)获得的运动学指标:髌骨内、外侧位移和倾斜度,分别和股外侧肌(VL):股内斜肌(VMO)、股外侧肌(VL):股内直肌(VML)肌电图比率、髁间沟深度(沟角)进行比较,结果显示在妇女中股内侧肌运动单位活动增加似与髌骨运动学异常有关,但并不是髌骨运动学异常的必然原因。在膝关节伸展末期(屈膝0-30°),骨结构是髌骨运动学的一个重要决定因素。     

运动疗法对膝关节骨关节炎患者肌发电量的影响

目的：研究肌发电量在膝关节骨关节炎患者股四头肌肌力训练中的变化情况及股四头肌的详细变化情况。方法：采用股四头肌的等长收缩运动训练方法和其他疗法进行比较,用肌电图进行股直肌、股内侧肌、股外侧肌的肌发电量测定,同时用“膝关节功能评定表”进行功能的辅助评定。结果：两种方法治疗后,股直肌、股内侧肌的肌发电量都有显著的变化,尤其以股内侧肌的变化极显著,股外侧的肌发电量无显著变化。两种方法中肌力训练较其他治疗方法在提高肌发电量方面更为有效。结论：股内侧肌在膝关节肌力锻炼中的变化最大,说明股内侧肌比股直肌和股外侧肌在稳定膝关节方面更重要。股外侧肌在训练中的变化最小,在维护膝关节的稳定性方面起的作用比股内侧肌和股直肌小;肌力训练比其他方法在增加肌发电量方面更有效,更能提高膝关节的稳定性。     

半腱肌重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位

目的探讨关节镜辅助下外侧髌骨支持带松解和半腱肌游离移植重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位的疗效。方法本组21例病人（25个膝关节）,男4例,女17例,其中4例女性为双膝,所有病人均有外伤病史,髌骨反复脱位至少2次以上,5例病人合并有膝关节游离体。膝关节X线片及MR I示髌骨内侧关节面有相应的骨损伤,行外侧支持带松解后采用自体半腱肌重建内侧髌股韧带。结果所有病人术后均获得1.5~3.5年随访,平均2.1年,全部病例术后髌骨脱位未见复发,无脱位恐惧感。关节活动恢复正常。采用Lysholm临床评分系统对膝关节功能进行评估,术后平均评分91分。结论关节镜辅助下半腱肌重建内侧髌股韧带,是治疗髌骨复发性脱位的一种理想的手术方法。     

髌股关节炎患者膝周肌群表面肌电信号特征研究

目的:观察髌股关节炎患者膝周肌群肌肉功能和协调活动差异,及其与膝关节疼痛的关系.方法:选择20例髌股关节炎患者,记录屈膝90°最大等长收缩(MVIC)、下蹲和站起时,双侧股外侧肌、股内侧肌、股二头肌和半腱肌的表面肌电图.计算均方根值(RMS)和协同收缩率(CCR),并观察CCR与疼痛的关系.将单膝患病患者健侧及双膝患病...     

女子曲棍球运动员膝关节屈伸肌群等速测试与分析

背景：等速测试系统已广泛应用来评价不同项目运动员关节肌群的力量特征。目的：测试广东省女子曲棍球运动员的膝关节进行等速向心,观察曲棍球项目运动员膝关节屈伸肌群的等速向心测试力量特征。方法：运用CON-TREX等速测试系统对广东省14名现役女子曲棍球运动员的膝关节进行等速向心测试。检测指标为相对峰力矩、关节肌群屈伸肌峰力矩比值、平均功率、总功和疲劳指数。结果与结论：在60（°/s）慢速测试时,女子曲棍球队员的两侧膝关节肌群相对峰力矩值表现为伸肌大于屈肌（P〈0.01）;左膝关节屈伸肌峰力矩比值在3种不同测试速度下的范围为66%~77%,右膝关节屈伸肌峰力矩比值为82%~88%;左膝关节伸肌平均功率值均大于屈肌（P〈0.01）;左右膝关节伸肌的总功值均大于屈肌（P〈0.01）;膝关节屈伸肌疲劳指数范围在0.24~0.48之间。膝关节伸肌的最大力量大于屈肌,屈伸肌峰力矩比值在240（°/s）快速测试时略微偏低,而右膝关节屈伸肌峰力矩比值在慢速测试时偏高,说明女子曲棍球队员左膝关节屈肌快速力量偏低,右膝关节伸肌最大力量比较低,伸肌的快速力量大于屈肌,伸肌的工作能力强于屈肌,屈伸肌的力量耐力水平比较低。     

Assessment of skeletal muscle fatigue in men with coronary artery disease using surface electromyography during isometric contraction of quadriceps muscles

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether using surface electromyography to assess skeletal muscle fatigue during an isometric exercise has the potential to be clinically useful in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). DESIGN: Double sample comparative study. SETTING: Cardiac rehabilitation service in France. PARTICIPANTS: Sixteen men with documented CAD and 9 age-matched healthy men. INTERVENTIONS: Assessment of quadriceps skeletal muscle fatigue on an isokinetic apparatus with surface electromyography measurements and a symptom-limited exercise test in a laboratory. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The maximal voluntary isometric force (MVIF) of the quadriceps was quantified as a measure of muscle strength and isometric endurance was defined as the time required to sustain a contraction at 50% of MVIF until exhaustion. Surface electromyography signals were recorded from the vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, and vastus medialis during isometric endurance. The root mean square (RMS) and the median frequency (MF) were directly calculated on a computer and then normalized (as a percentage of the initial value). RESULTS: Muscle strength did not differ significantly between the patients with CAD and the healthy subjects (229+/-21N/m vs 228+/-52N/m), but isometric endurance was reduced (64+/-17s vs 90+/-7s, P <.01). The RMS values showed a significantly higher increase in the healthy subjects versus the patients with CAD for the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis ( P <.001). The MF values were significantly lower for the vastus lateralis, rectus femoris ( P <.01), and vastus medialis ( P <.05) in patients with CAD compared with the healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Skeletal muscle fatigue occurs sooner in men with CAD relative to matched healthy men, despite similar muscle strength. This finding may be the result of an abnormality of skeletal muscle function and may play an important role in measuring functional capacity. In addition, it may be a useful tool to assess the efficacy of cardiac rehabilitation interventions.     

The role of muscle strength & activation patterns in patellofemoral pain

BackgroundTo investigate the extent to which quadriceps muscle activation and strength are responsible for patellofemoral pain.MethodsA pain on–off switch system synchronized with a force transducer and surface electromyography was utilized on 32 volunteer patellofemoral pain patients during maximal isometric and squat exercises.FindingsThere were 26 patients out of the 32 tested who complained of pain during the squat or isometric test, of these 20 subjects presented a significant advantage for the vastus lateralis compared to the vastus medialis obliquis activation and 12 patients had decreased quadriceps strength of the symptomatic compared to the non symptomatic leg. All patients who demonstrated weak vastus medialis obliquis activation during the isometric exercise possessed the same symptoms during the squat. On the other hand, 9 patients who showed diminished vastus medialis obliquis activation during the squat displayed equal activation between the vastus medialis obliquis and the vastus lateralis during the isometric task. With regard to the timing for the onset of muscle activation, there were only 4 patients who had a difference (P = 0.03) between the symptomatic (0.042 s) and non-symptomatic legs (0.011 s).InterpretationCauses for patellofemoral pain vary and are not necessarily a result of quadriceps strength deficit or vastus medialis obliquis activation weakness. Patellofemoral pain patients who possess lower vastus medialis obliquis activation compared to the vastus lateralis do not necessarily have quadriceps weakness while patients presenting with quadriceps strength deficits do not always have an imbalance between vastus medialis obliquis and vastus lateralis activation.     

Differences of quadriceps activity during inline lunge by using FMS assessment

[Purpose] This study assessed the exercise capacity of healthy adults while performing the inline lunge exercise by using Functional Movement Screen (FMS). Compared the difference in muscle activity of the quadriceps according to the exercise capacity. [Participants and Methods] Thirty two healthy participants (12 males, 20 females) participated in this study. The surface electromyography (sEMG) was used to measure the electrical activities for the vastus medialis (VM), rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL) of quadriceps. [Results] Both groups had significant difference when sitting up and getting up during the inline lunge. In scores 3 group, vastus medialis showed higher muscle activity than vastus lateralis. On contrary, in scores 2 group, vastus lateralis had higher muscle activity than vastus medialis. [Conclusion] Therefore, this study suggests that inline lunge can help to strengthen the quadriceps effectively by showing the difference of quadriceps activity according to exercise capacity.Key words: Inline lunge, Muscle activity, Functional movement screen     

Differences in onset timing between the vastus medialis and lateralis during concentric knee contraction in individuals with genu varum or valgum

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in onset timing between the vastus medialis and lateralis among the different knee alignments, as well as the best isokinetic angular velocity for an isokinetic concentric contraction. [Subjects] Fifty-two adults (20 with genu varum, 12 genu valgum, and 20 controls) were enrolled in this study. Subjects with > 4 cm between the medial epicondyles of the knee were placed in the genu varum group, whereas subjects with > 4 cm between the medial malleolus of the ankle were placed in the genu valgum group. [Methods] Surface electromyography was used to measure the onset times of the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis during concentric contractions at 30, 60, and 90°/sec. [Results] The vastus lateralis showed more delayed firing than the vastus medialis in the genu varum group, whereas vastus medialis firing was delayed more than that of the vastus lateralis in the genu valgum group. No differences in onset timing were observed between the vastus medialis and lateralis according the different angular velocities during concentric contractions in all three groups. [Conclusion] Genu varum and valgum affect quadriceps firing. Therefore, selective rehabilitation training of the quadriceps femoris should be considered to prevent pain or knee malalignment deformities.Key words: Quadriceps muscle, Genu varum, Genu valgum     

Patellar taping does not affect the onset of activities of vastus medialis obliquus and vastus lateralis before and after muscle fatigue

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the immediate effect of patellar taping with a standard force on the onset of vastus medialis obliquus and vastus lateralis activities before and after muscle fatigue in able-bodied subjects. DESIGN: This study tested 29 mature able-bodied subjects. The surface electromyographic onset time of their vastus medialis obliquus and vastus lateralis was measured after a posteroanterior perturbation at the knee in a single-legged standing position. The measurements were taken under three conditions in random order of true patellar taping, sham patellar taping, and no patellar taping. Afterward, subjects performed a knee-extension exercise until their quadriceps fatigued, and the above tests were repeated to test the effect of fatigue on the outcome. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference with patellar taping on the electromyographic onset time of the vastus medialis obliquus and vastus lateralis compared with the placebo-taping and no-taping conditions (P = 0.455). There was no statistically significant difference in onset of vastus medialis obliquus and vastus lateralis muscles before and after muscle fatigue (P = 0.304). CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that patellar taping does not enhance the temporal activation of vastus medialis obliquus in both fatigue and nonfatigue conditions on able-bodied subjects.     

膝骨关节炎患者股四头肌功能水平及髋关节步态运动学特征分析

目的:观察中老年膝骨关节炎(KOA)患者股四头肌功能水平及步行过程中髋关节的运动学特征。方法:选取18例KOA患者为KOA组,8例无KOA者为对照组,2组的年龄、身高、体重和身体质量指数(BMI值)相匹配。2组受试者均进行等速肌力测试、无线表面肌电测试及步态测试,测试及比较2组股四头肌峰力矩(PT值)、股内侧肌(VM)、股外侧肌(VL)和股直肌(RF)的积分肌电值(iEMG)、均方根值(RMS)、平均功率频率(MPF)及峰值髋内收、外展角度等和步行中髋关节的运动学特征,将股四头肌肌力与髋关节运动学特征进行相关性分析。结果:KOA组股四头肌等长和等速运动时PT值较对照组显著下降(P<0.01),VL在60°/s等速收缩时表面肌电信号RMS值显著高于对照组(P<0.05),RF在180°/s等速收缩时表面肌电信号RMS值显著高于对照组(P<0.01),步行时峰值髋关节内收及外展角度显著低于对照组(P<0.05),股四头肌肌力与髋关节运动学特征无相关。结论:KOA组较对照组股四头肌肌力显著降低,活动时神经支配效率显著下降,且步行过程中峰值髋内收、外展角度显著减少,股四...     

A Study on the Differences of Quadriceps Femoris Activities by Knee Alignment during Isometric Contraction

[Purpose] This study attempted to identify how genu varum or valgum affects the electromyographic activities of the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and rectus femoris during knee isometric contraction. [Subjects] Fifty-two healthy young adults were enrolled in this study. They were enrolled and classified into three groups by knee alignment conditions: the genu varum, genu valgum, and control groups. [Methods] The electromyographic activity ratio of the vastus medialis to the vastus lateralis and rectus femoris were calculated using the percentage of maximum voluntary contraction. The participants contracted their quadriceps during isometric contraction at 30 and 60° of knee flexion. [Results] The genu varum group had more activity in the vastus medialis than in the vastus lateralis and rectus femoris, whereas the genu valgum group had more activity in the vastus lateralis and rectus femoris than in the vastus medialis. There was a significant difference in the muscle activity ratio between the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis by angle of knee flexion degree only in the genu valgum. There were no significant differences in any of the three groups in terms of the muscle activity ratio of the vastus medialis to the rectus femoris by angle of knee flexion. [Conclusion] The quadriceps femoris was used for different strategies according to knee alignment during isometric contraction at 30 and 60°. This study suggests that rehabilitation training programs used to strengthen the quadriceps should consider the knee alignment conditions of the target subjects.Key words: Electromyography, Quadriceps muscle, Isometric contraction