Langendoff灌流兔左心房肌细胞分离模型的建立及电生理特性分析

目的:建立离体兔左心房肌细胞的急性分离模型并分析其电生理特性。方法:健康成年家兔10只,通过Langendoff灌流系统,经冠状动脉灌流、酶解消化法分离兔左心房肌细胞,应用膜片钳全细胞模式记录细胞膜动作电位(AP)、内向L型钙通道电流(ICaL)和快钠通道电流(INa),分析APD90和APD50时程大小及随频率的适应性变化;分析ICaL和INa的电流密度-电压(I-V)曲线特征。结果:收获的单个左心房肌细胞形态良好,成功记录到典型的AP、ICaL和INa。AP静息电位为(-62.8±2.4)mV。随着刺激频率增加,APD90和APD50均相应缩短,与基础刺激频率1Hz比较,在4Hz和5Hz时明显缩短(P0.05)。ICaL电流密度(pA/pF)为-4.79±1.28。INa电流密度(pA/pF)为-118.41±16.67。ICaL在-40mV去极化电压下开始激活,在+10mV处电流达最大峰值,反转电位在+40～+50mV范围。INa激活电位在-60mV处,-40mV处电流达最大峰值,反转电位在+20～+30mV范围。结论:此模型分离的左心房肌细胞具有正常的电生理活性和特征,可用于研究房颤的电重构及离子通道重构现象。     

The Modeling of Isolating Rabbit Left Atrial Myocytes and Analysis of Electrophysiological Characteristics

目的:建立离体免左心房肌细胞的急性分离模型并分析其电生理特性.方法:健康成年家兔10只,通过Langendoff灌流系统,经冠状动脉灌流、酶解消化法分离兔左心房肌细胞,应用膜片钳全细胞模式记录细胞膜动作电位(AP)、内向L型钙通道电流(ICaL)和快钠通道电流(INa),分析APD90和APD50时程大小及随频率的适应性变化;分析ICaL和INa的电流密度-电压(I-V)曲线特征.结果:收获的单个左心房肌细胞形态良好,成功记录到典型的AP、ICaL和INa.AP静息电位为(-62.8±2.4)mV.随着刺激频率增加,APD90和APD50均相应缩短,与基础刺激频率1 Hz比较,在4 Hz和5Hz时明显缩短(P＜0.05).ICaL电流密度(pA/pF)为-4.79±1.28.INa电流密度(pA/pF)为-118.41±16.67.ICaL在-40 mV去极化电压下开始激活,在+10 mV处电流达最大峰值,反转电位在+40～+50 mV范围.INa激活电位在-60 mV处,-40 mV处电流达最大峰值,反转电位在+20～+30 mV范围.结论:此模型分离的左心房肌细胞具有正常的电生理活性和特征,可用于研究房颤的电重构及离子通道重构现象.     

3,5,4＇-三甲基白藜芦醇对豚鼠心室肌细胞钠电流和钾电流的影响

目的研究3,5,4＇-三甲基白藜芦醇（trans-resveratrol derivative3,5,4＇-trimethoxystilbene,TMS）对豚鼠心室肌细胞钠电流（INa）和钾电流（IK1）的直接作用,探讨其心肌保护作用。方法用全细胞膜片钳技术记录TMS对单个心室肌细胞INa和IK1的作用。结果TMS（10μmol·L^-1）可快速抑制豚鼠心室肌细胞INa,用药后3min左右即开始起效,10min时抑制率为（36.8±5.6）%（P〈0.005）,洗脱后可完全恢复;1,3μmol·L^-1TMS未影响INa大小。TMS不改变INa的最大激活电压,也不影响IK1的大小。10μmol·L-1使半数最大失活电压（V1/2）由（-87.0±3.3）mV变化到（-96.7±3.5）mV（P〈0.001）,使失活曲线斜率（S）由（4.9±0.3）mV变化到（5.4±0.3）mV（P〈0.01）;使半数最大激活电压（V1/2）（-38.9±1.4）mV变化到（-47.3±1.3）mV（P〈0.001）,未改变激活S。结论TMS可直接作用于豚鼠心室肌细胞,快速抑制INa,且此作用快速、可逆。     

舒必利致心律失常的电生理研究

目的：观察不同浓度舒必利对缺血兔心浦肯野纤维动作电位的影响及舒必利对豚鼠心室肌细胞钠通道电流的作用。方法：采用标准微电极技术,观察不同浓度（1～100μmol／L）舒必利对模拟缺血液灌流的离体兔心浦肯野纤维动作电位0期去极化幅值（APA）、最大除极速率（Vmax）、有效不应期（ERP）及90％动作电位时程（APD50）的影响。应用酶解法分离豚鼠单个心室肌细胞,应用全细胞膜片钳技术记录舒必利对钠通道电流（INa）的影响。结果：不同浓度的舒必利对缺血兔浦肯野纤维动作电位的APA和APD90无明显影响,对Vmax有降低趋势。舒必利（3～300μmol／L）浓度依赖性地抑制INa（IC50=10．79μmol／L,测试电压-35mv）。10μmol／L舒必利降低了INa的最大电导gmax,使半激活、失活电压负值分别减小了1．91mV（P〈0．01）和5．22mV（P〈0．01）;恢复时间常数增加,但最大激活电流可以基本恢复至给药前。结论：舒必利可轻度逆转缺血液灌流造成的心浦肯野纤维动作电位缩短,并浓度依赖性地抑制钠电流,舒必利作用于钠通道的失活态。     

“非抗菌药物剂量和频次智能化监控系统”的研发

目的研究3,5,4'-三甲基白藜芦醇(trans-resveratrol derivative3,5,4'-trimethoxystilbene,TMS)对豚鼠心室肌细胞钠电流(INa)和钾电流(IK1)的直接作用,探讨其心肌保护作用。方法用全细胞膜片钳技术记录TMS对单个心室肌细胞INa和IK1的作用。结果TMS(10μmol·L-1)可快速抑制豚鼠心室肌细胞INa,用药后3min左右即开始起效,10min时抑制率为(36.8±5.6)%(P<0.005),洗脱后可完全恢复;1,3μmol·L-1TMS未影响INa大小。TMS不改变INa的最大激活电压,也不影响IK1的大小。10μmol·L-1使半数最大失活电压(V1/2)由(-87.0±3.3)mV变化到(-96.7±3.5)mV(P<0.001),使失活曲线斜率(S)由(4.9±0.3)mV变化到(5.4±0.3)mV(P<0.01);使半数最大激活电压(V1/2)(-38.9±1.4)mV变化到(-47.3±1.3)mV(P<0.001),未改变激活S。结论TMS可直接作用于豚鼠心室肌细胞,快速抑制INa,且此作用快速、可逆。     

甘草次酸对大鼠心室肌细胞L型钙离子电流的影响

目的观察甘草次酸（glycyrrhetic acid ，Gta）对大鼠单一心室肌细胞L型钙离子电流（ICa L）的影响。方法以Langendoff匀速灌流体外大鼠心脏，Ⅰ型胶原酶酶解分离单一大鼠心室肌细胞， 将心室肌细胞悬液放入容积为0.2～0.3 mL的浴槽内，间隔相同时间分别向浴槽内加入0.1，1.0，10.0 μmol·L^-1 Gta，应用全细胞膜片钳技术记录不同浓度Gta对单一大鼠心室肌细胞ICa-L的影响；保持电位为－30 mV、指令电位为－40～＋60 mV、步阶脉冲为10 mV、时程为300 ms、刺激频率为0.5 Hz的条件下，引出钙离子电流，取指令电位与相对应的钙离子通道电流作用结果制作不同浓度Gta下L型钙离子通道的电流-电压(I-V)关系曲线。结果Gta浓度分别为0.1，1.0， 10.0 μmo1·L^-1 时可剂量依赖性地降低ICa-L，分别使ICa-L从加入Gta前的（2.30±0.29） nA降至(1.96±0.34) ，(1.37±0.24) ，（0.66±0.20） nA（与加入Gta前比较，均P＜0.01）；Gta 0.1，1.0， 10.0 μmo1·L^-1 也可抑制L型钙离子I-V曲线，使I V曲线上移，但峰值电流不变。结论Gta通过阻滞L型钙通道抑制L型钙离子内流，这种机制可能与Gta抗心律失常作用有关。     

花生四烯酸对兔心室肌细胞电压门控钠通道的影响

目的研究花生四烯酸(AA)对兔心室肌细胞电压门控钠通道(VGSC)的影响。方法酶解法分离兔心室肌细胞,采用标准全细胞膜片钳技术记录电压门控钠通道电流(INa)。结果AA可浓度依赖性抑制INa,使INa的I-U曲线上移,但其激活电位、电位峰值和反转电位保持不变;AA使INa稳态失活曲线左移,恢复曲线右移;但对INa的抑制作用不具有明显的频率依赖性。结论AA对INa具有浓度依赖性抑制作用,主要是通过抑制失活和失活后恢复过程而发挥作用。因此AA对INa的抑制作用可能是AA抗心律失常,保护心肌的作用机制之一。     

牛磺酸镁配合物对豚鼠心室肌细胞钠离子和钙离子通道的影响

目的研究牛磺酸镁配合物(TMC)对正常豚鼠心室肌细胞钠电流(INa)和L-钙电流(ICa,L)的影响,旨在探讨其抗心律失常作用的可能机制。方法酶解法分离豚鼠单个心室肌细胞,全细胞膜片钳技术记录单个心室肌细胞的INa和ICa,L。结果TMC50μmol·L-1不影响INa,而100～200μmol·L-1浓度依赖性地抑制INa;TMC50～200μmol·L-1浓度依赖性地增加ICa,L,使ICa,L的稳态失活曲线右移,对ICa,L的稳态激活曲线无影响。结论TMC对心室肌细胞INa的阻滞可能是其抗心律失常作用的机制之一;对ICa,L的促进可能有利于其发挥正性肌力作用。     

KB-R7943对豚鼠心室肌细胞Na~ -Ca~(2 )交换电流的作用

目的　观察KB R7943对豚鼠心室肌细胞Na Ca2 交换电流 (INa Ca)的内向电流成分和外向电流成分的影响。方法　采用缺血再灌时胞内Na 超载的细胞模型 ,在同时记录内向、外向电流的双向离子条件下 ,用膜片钳全细胞技术 ,记录INa Ca的电流 电压关系曲线。结果　 10 -6和 10 -5mol·L-1KB R7943 ,在 5 0mV时 ,对INa Ca的抑制率分别是 2 9 4%和 6 1 7% ;在 - 80mV时抑制率分别是 2 2 1%和 5 6 9%。结论　KB R7943对豚鼠心室肌细胞INa Ca有抑制作用 ,但对外向成分和内向成分的抑制不具选择性。     

胍丁胺对大鼠心室肌细胞L—钙通道电流的影响

目的:观察胍丁胺(Agm)对大鼠心室肌细胞L-型钙通道电流(I_(Ca-L))的影响.方法:以酶解法制备单个心室肌细胞.应用全细胞膜片箝技术记录大鼠单个心室肌细胞钙通道电流.结果:(1)Agm(0.5,1,2mmol/L)可浓度依赖性地降低电压依赖性激活I_(Ca-L)(pA)峰值,其值从1451±236 (对照组)到937±105(n=8,P<0.05),585±74(n=8,P<0.01),和301±156(n=8,P<0.01).(2)Agm 1 mmol/L使用依赖性地阻滞I_(Ca-L)·1 Hz时抑制率为53％±12％(P<0.05),3Hz时为69％±11％(P<0.01).(3)Agm使I-V曲线上移,但对I_(Ca-L)的电压依赖特征、最大激活电压以及I_(Ca-L)稳态激活无明显影响.在Agm 1 mmol/L作用下,半数激活电压(V_(0.5)和斜率参数(k)与对照组相比均无显著性差异.V_(0.5)分别为(-20.2±2.5)mV和(-20.5±2.7)mV,k分别为(3.2±0.4)mV和(3.0±0.5)mV.(4)Agm 1 mmol/L可明显使钙电流稳态失活曲线左移,加速钙通道电压依赖性稳态失活.V_(0.5)分别为(-32±6)mV和(-40±5)mV,k分别为(7.6±O.9)mV和(12.5±1.1)mV(P<0.05).(5)Agm 1mmol/L还使I_(Ca)从失活状态下恢复明显减慢.结论:Agm抑制I_(Ca-L),并主要作用于L-型钙通道的失活状态,表现为钙通道失活加速和从失活状态下恢复减慢.     

4-氨基吡啶对豚鼠心室肌钙和钠电流的影响

目的研究4-氨基吡啶(4-AP)对心肌细胞L型钙通道和钠通道的影响。方法用全细胞膜片钳技术考察4-AP对豚鼠心室肌细胞L型钙电流和钠电流的作用。结果4-AP0.1,0.5,1.0mmol·L^-1浓度依赖性地抑制L型钙电流(I_Ca,L)和钠电流(I_Na),抑制率分别为(11.6±1.7)%,(37.5±8.3)%和(54.5±6.9)%以及(22.1±14.3)%,(39.4±8.8)%和(62.3±6.8)%。0.5mmol·L^-14-AP使I_Ca,L和I_NaI-V曲线均上移。结论4-AP可浓度依赖性地阻滞豚鼠心室肌细胞L型钙通道和钠通道。     

Effect of resveratrol on L-type calcium current in rat ventricular myocytes

AIM: To study the effect of resveratrol on L-type calcium current (I(Ca-L)) in isolated rat ventricular myocytes and the mechanisms underlying these effects. METHODS: I(Ca-L) was examined in isolated single rat ventricular myocytes by using the whole cell patch-clamp recording technique. RESULTS: Resveratrol (10-40 micromol/L) reduced the peak amplitude of I(Ca-L) and shifted the current-voltage (I-V) curve upwards in a concentration-dependent manner. Resveratrol (10, 20, 40 micromol/L) decreased the peak amplitude of I(Ca-L) from -14.2+/-1.5 pA/pF to -10.5+/-1.5 pA/pF (P<0.05), -7.5+/-2.4 pA/pF (P<0.01), and -5.2+/-1.2 pA/pF (P<0.01), respectively. Resveratrol (40 micromol/L) shifted the steady-state activation curve of I(Ca-L) to the right and changed the half-activation potential (V0.5) from -19.4+/-0.4 mV to -15.4+/-1.9 mV (P<0.05). Resveratrol at a concentration of 40 micromol/L did not affect the steady-state inactivation curve of I(Ca-L), but did markedly shift the time-dependent recovery curve of I(Ca-L) to the right, and slow down the recovery of I(Ca-L) from inactivation. Sodium orthovanadate (Na(3)VO(4); 1 mmol/L), a potent inhibitor of tyrosine phosphatase, significantly inhibited the effects of resveratrol (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Resveratrol inhibited I(Ca-L) mainly by inhibiting the activation of L-type calcium channels and slowing down the recovery of L-type calcium channels from inactivation. This inhibitory effect of resveratrol was mediated by the inhibition of protein tyrosine kinase in rat ventricular myocytes.     

外源性磷酸肌酸对缺血豚鼠心室肌细胞钠通道的影响Δ

目的：观察不同浓度外源性磷酸肌酸（exogenous phosphocreatine, PCr）对豚鼠缺血心室肌细胞钠通道（INa）电流的影响,探讨其预防缺血性心律失常的电生理学机制。方法：心室肌细胞经酶解从豚鼠左心室获得,膜片钳全细胞模式记录INa电流,通过灌注模拟缺血液并充以95%N2 5%CO2的混合气体建立缺血模型,将PCr加入模拟缺血液中分别配成5, 10, 20,30 mmol/L浓度。将细胞分成6组,分别予模拟缺血液,含有5, 10, 20,30mmol/L浓度PCr的模拟缺血液,台氏液灌流,后者充以95%O2 5%CO2的混合气体。10min后记录各组的峰电流及电流密度。结果：与台氏液组相比,单纯模拟缺血液组INa峰电流密度降低80.1？2.5%（p〈0.05）,含有5, 10, 20, 30mmol/L浓度PCr的模拟缺血液组INa峰电流密度分别降低56.2？4.6%（p〈0.05）;30.3？5.3%（p〈0.05）;39.0？5.5%（p〈0.05）;42.6？4.8%（p〈0.05）。10与5, 20, 30mmol/L之间具有统计学差异（p〈0.05）。结论： PCr能增加缺血时受抑制的INa峰电流及电流密度,这可能是其预防缺血性心律失常的电生理学机制。PCr在低浓度 （0~10mmol/L）对INa峰电流及电流密度的影响呈现明显的量效关系。     

葛根素抑制大鼠心室肌细胞的钠电流

AIM: To study the effect of puerarin (Pue) on Na+ channel in rat ventricular myocytes. METHODS: Whole-cell patch-clamp technique was applied on isolated cardiomyocytes from rats. RESULTS: Pue inhibited cardiac INa in a positive rate-dependent and dose-dependent manner, with an IC(50) of 349 micromol/L. The kinetics of blockage of cardiac sodium channel by Pue resembled the ClassIa/Ic of antiarrhythmic agents. Pue 300 micromol/L did not alter the shape of the I-V curve of INa, but markedly shifted the steady-state inactivation curve of INa towards more negative potential by 15.9 mV, and postponed the recovery of INa inactivation state from (21.9+/-1.6) ms to (54.4+/-3.4) ms (P<0.01). It demonstrated that the steady state of inactivation was affected by Pue significantly. CONCLUSION: Pue protected ventricular myocytes against cardiac damage and arrhythmias by inhibiting recovery from inactivation of cardiac Na+ channels.     

5—羟色胺增强去甲肾上腺素诱导的肥厚心肌L—型钙电流

目的:研究5-羟色胺(5-HT)对去甲肾上腺素(NE)诱导的大鼠肥厚心肌L-型钙电流(I_(Ca))的影响.方法:大鼠腹腔注射NE建立心肌肥厚模型;酶解分离单个心室肌细胞;全细胞膜片箝记录I_(Ca).结果:(1)腹腔注射NE第15天,大鼠左心室与体重比增加31.8％(2)肥厚心肌细胞I_(Ca)与正常心肌细胞相比,明显增加0mV时分别为4.5pA/pF±0.5pA/pF和3.5pA/pF±0.3pA/pF(P<0.01).(3)5-HT可显著增加肥厚和正常心肌细胞I_(Ca),并使最大激活电流从0mV降低至-10mV;此外,5-HT增加I_(Ca)作用在肥厚心肌细胞更为显著.(4)稳态激活和失活实验发现,5-HT对稳态激活曲线无显著影响,而影响稳态失活曲线,使半失活电压从-39.5mV±1.8mV升高至-27.8mV±1.7mV(P<0.05),而不改变钙通道电压依赖性(斜率因子k无显著变化).结论:5-HT通过改变L-型钙通道稳态失活特征而显著增加I_(Ca),此作用在肥厚心肌细胞更显著,提示在肥厚心肌5-HT更易于诱导心律失常发生.     

Ionic mechanisms responsible for the antiarrhythmic action of dehydroevodiamine in guinea-pig isolated cardiomyocytes.

1. Dehydroevodiamine alkaloid (DeHE), an active ingredient of a Chinese herbal medicine Wu-Chu-Yu (Evodiae frutus), has been shown to decrease aterial blood pressure in experimental animals and prolong action potential duration in cardiac cells. The aim of the present study was to explore the ionic basis of its possible antiarrhythmic effects. 2. Guinea-pig atrial and ventricular myocytes were isolated enzymatically and the ionic currents were recorded under whole-cell patch-clamp with single suction pipettes. 3. DeHE at a concentration of 0.1 microM inhibited reversibly the time-dependent outward K current (delayed rectifier, Ik) and the Na-dependent inward current (INa). 4. In low-K (1 mM) and high-Ca (9 mM) solution, DeHE also depressed the delayed afterdepolarizations (DAD) and the transient inward current (Iti) induced by 2 microM strophanthidin. On the other hand, DeHE occasionally induced early afterdepolarizations and slow response action potentials at a depolarized level. 5. At higher concentrations (1 microM and above), the L-type Ca current (ICa,L) was moderately inhibited. 6. The present findings indicate that DeHE may depress triggered arrhythmias in Ca-overloaded guinea-pig cardiac myocytes through its inhibitory actions on INa, Iti and, to a smaller extent, ICa. DeHE may also exert class III antiarrhythmic effect through a reduction of outward K currents (Ik) across the sarcolemma.     

Attenuated inhibition of L-type calcium currents by troglitazone in fructose-fed rat cardiac ventricular myocytes

We recently reported that troglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing agent, inhibited l-type Ca current (ICa,L) more effectively in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic ventricular myocytes than in age-matched control myocytes. However, whether this agent would effectively inhibit ICa,L in an animal model of hyperinsulinemia is unknown. Using whole-cell voltage-clamp techniques, ICa,L was measured in ventricular myocytes isolated from 12 to 16 weeks on fructose-enriched feeding and age-matched control rats. Under control conditions, fructose-fed myocytes did not differ from control myocytes in membrane capacitance, current density, or voltage-dependent properties of ICa,L. Troglitazone inhibited ICa,L in both control and fructose-fed myocytes in a concentration-dependent manner. However, this inhibition was less in fructose-fed than in control myocytes; the half-maximum inhibitory concentrations of troglitazone measured at a holding potential of -50 mV were 16.9 and 9.8 micromol/L, respectively. Contrary to the STZ-induced diabetic rat, the suppressive effect of troglitazone on cardiac ventricular ICa,L was attenuated in fructose-fed rats. Persistent elevation of plasma insulin concentration may play a role in these processes.     

DDPH inhibited L-type calcium current and sodium current in single ventricular myocyte of guinea pig.

AIM: To investigate the effects of 1-(2, 6-dimethylphenoxy)-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl-ethylamino)propane hydrochloride (DDPH) on L-type calcium current (ICa) and sodium current (INa), and to compare its inhibitory potency with verapamil and mexiletine. METHODS: Whole-cell patch clamp technique was used to record ICa and INa in a single ventricular myocytes of guinea pig. RESULTS: (1) DDPH (3 - 300 micromol . L-1) decreased ICa at 0 mV in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 28.5 micromol . L-1 (95 % confidence limits: 14.3 - 42.7 micromol . L-1, n = 8 cells from 8 guinea pigs). Verapamil (0.3 - 30 micromol . L-1) reduced ICa with an IC50 value of 1.8 micromol . L-1 (95 % confidence limits: 1.3 - 2.3 micromol . L-1, n = 6 cells from 6 guinea pigs). Mexiletine 100 micromol . L-1 did not affect ICa (n = 5 cells from 5 guinea pigs, P > 0.05). The degree of use-dependent blocking effect of DDPH 30 micromol/L on ICa was 58 % +/- 13 % (n = 5 cells from 5 guinea pigs, P < 0.01) at 1 Hz and 76 % +/- 11 % (n = 5 cells from 5 guinea pigs, P < 0.01) at 3 Hz. (2) DDPH (20 - 320 micromol . L-1) could also block INa in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 89.0 micromol . L-1 (95 % confidence limits: 68.7 - 109.3 micromol . L-1, n = 9 cells from 9 guinea pigs). The IC50 value of mexiletine was 32.2 micromol . L-1 (95 % confidence limits: 11.7 - 52.7 micromol . L-1, n = 5 cells from 5 guinea pigs). Verapamil at the concentration of 10 micromol . L-1 did not affect INa (n = 5 cells from 5 guinea pigs, P > 0.05). The blocking effect of DDPH 80 micromol/L on INa was non use-dependent. CONCLUSION: DPH exhibited inhibitory effects on both ICa and INa, but its inhibitory effect on ICa was weaker than verapamil, and on INa was weaker than mexiletine.     

海葵毒素anthopleurin—Q对豚鼠心室肌细胞钠电流的作用

目的:研究从海葵(Anthopleura xanthogrammica)提取的毒素anthopleurin-Q(AP-Q)对豚鼠心室肌钠电流(I_(Na))的作用。方法:用酶消化法分离豚鼠单个心室肌细胞,用全细胞膜片箝技术记录心室肌细胞钠电流。结果:AP-Q 3-30nmol/L浓度依赖性地增大I_(Na),EC_(50)、为104nmol/L(95％可信范围:78-130nmol/L)。AP-Q 300nmol/L使I-V曲线左移,使半数激活电压从(-36.3±2.3)mV变为(-43±23)mV(n=6,P<0.01),半数失活电压从(-75±6)mV变为(-59±5)mV(n=6,P<0.01)。AP-Q 300nmol/L使I_(Na)半数恢复时间从(114±36)ms缩短为(17±2)ms(n=6,P<0.01),并明显减慢I_(Na)的快速失活时间常数(τ_f)。结论:AP-Q对I_(Na)有促进作用并减慢其失活过程。