带血管蒂跗骨瓣移位术修复踝及足部骨病损

目的 为治疗踝及足部骨质病损提供系列手术方式。方法 在解剖学研究基础上，设计了带血管蒂的骰骨瓣、内侧楔骨瓣、舟骨瓣和跟骨前外侧骨瓣移位术，以修复踝及足骨质病损。临床应用55例。结果 术后经l—10年随访48例，平均为4年6个月，疗效满意。结论 上述4种跗骨瓣均具有血管蒂位置表浅、解剖容易和手术安全可靠等优点。     

以内踝前血管为蒂的第一楔骨瓣转位术

以内踝前血管为蒂的第１楔骨瓣移位术，为修复距骨骨折、距骨体坏死和踝、足部关节植骨融合提供一种新的供骨区，已成功应用于临床。本骨瓣具有血管位置恒定，易于解剖，手术操作简便等优点。     

跗外侧血管蒂骰骨瓣移位术的临床应用

目的 为寻求和解决踝足部骨缺损,骨不连,距骨骨折脱位和距骨体缺血性坏死等疑难病例的有效疗法,方法 通过３０侧下肢标本解剖观测了供应骰骨背侧血管的来源,走行,分支和吻合。设计以跗外侧血管为蒂的骰骨瓣移位植骨术治疗有关疾患共２９例,结果 临床实践证实疗效满意,有７例经１～８年随访,其中优良率达９６％,结论 带跗外侧血管骰骨瓣具有解剖位置表浅,手术操作简便,效果可靠等优点,为修复踝骨部病组损提供一定好供     

以跗外侧血管为蒂的骰骨瓣转位术

以跗外侧血管为蒂的骰骨瓣具有血管位置恒定、表浅,易于解剖的特点。本骨瓣主要用于踝关节,距下关节融合和距骨颈骨折开放复位需植骨者,也适于其它邻近骨与关节病损部植骨。     

踝足部组织缺损的显微外科修复

目的研究踝足部组织缺损显微外科修复的效果。方法回顾性分析应用带血管蒂(肌)皮瓣、骨瓣等组织瓣移植修复踝足部组织缺损的临床资料。结果本组共78例,其中吻合血管(肌)皮瓣移植术21例,带血管蒂(肌)皮瓣移位术53例,吻合血管骨瓣移植术4例。组织瓣全部成活,随访3月～1年,骨愈合时间8～10周,踝足部大部分恢复保护性感觉,行走正常。结论踝足部组织缺损应用带血管蒂(肌)皮瓣、骨瓣移植、移位术修复效果好。     

以内踝前血管为蒂的舟骨瓣移位术

目的：为治疗距骨颈骨折或合并距骨体脱位提供一种新的术式。方法：在３０侧经动脉灌注红色乳胶的成人下肢标本上，对足舟骨背侧的血供来源、分布及舟骨形态进行观测，设计了以内踝前血管为蒂的舟骨瓣移位术。结果：经采用该骨瓣移位植骨修复距骨计５例（６侧），其中获２年以上随访者２例，效果满意。结论：以内踝前血管为蒂的足舟骨瓣具有位置表浅、解剖容易和手术安全、可靠等优点，适用于治疗距骨骨折、脱位和距骨体缺血性坏死等疾病。     

外伤性距骨体缺血性坏死的显微外科修复

距骨位于跗骨顶端,具有多向关节又是诸跗骨中唯一与胫骨相联接的枢纽,一旦发生病损将严重影响踝足部功能。距骨体缺血性坏死是距骨严重创伤的常见并发症。距骨颈是距骨中最脆弱和最易受     

带肌肉的远端蒂腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣的临床应用

目的探讨带肌肉的远端蒂腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣修复特殊病例的踝足部软组织缺损。方法2004年2月以来应用带肌肉的远端蒂腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣修复踝足部软组织缺损7例,其中胫骨下段软组织缺损伴慢性骨髓炎1例,足后跟软组织缺损伴死腔3例,足底软组织缺损伴跟骨表层骨质缺失(长度为5~8mm)3例,皮瓣切取的面积为16cm×12cm~10cm×7cm,切取的腓肠肌厚度为1~4cm,肌瓣的面积比相应的皮瓣面积小。结果术中观察15~20min,切取肌皮瓣的肌肉面活跃渗血,血液循环良好,皮瓣均成活,所有病例均经2~6个月以上随访,骨髓炎治愈,肌皮瓣外形满意,大部分恢复感觉,行走负重良好。结论带肌肉的远端蒂腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣可以成活,该手术操作简便,系特殊病例的踝足部软组织缺损需行肌皮瓣修复的良好供区。     

肩胛上血管冈下支为蒂的肩胛冈骨瓣移植术

根据对肩胛上血管冈下支的解剖学观察，设计以该支血管为蒂的肩胛冈骨瓣移植术，为修复四肢长管骨缺损提供一种新的手术，经临床应用３例，疗效满意。该骨瓣具有血管位置恒定、易于解剖、手术操作简便和组织损伤少等优点。     

带血管蒂舟骨瓣移位术的应用解剖

目的:为治疗距骨骨折提供新术式的解剖学基础.方法:在30侧灌注红色乳胶的成人下肢标本上,对舟骨背侧面形态、血供来源进行观测.结果:舟骨背侧面动脉主要来自内踝前动脉、跗内侧动脉以及足底内侧动脉浅支,分别发3～5支、1～3支和1～2支外径在0.2～1.0mm之间的骨膜支,形成骨膜动脉网.结论:以内踝前血管为蒂,可切取舟骨背侧2.0cm×1.0cm×0.5cm大小的骨瓣,用于距骨颈骨折修复.术式经临床应用证实,手术简便,效果可靠.     

带蒂骨瓣移位术治疗距骨缺血性坏死

为探讨治疗距骨缺血性坏死的有效方法，采用带蒂骨瓣移位术治疗距骨缺血性坏死２４例，９例采用内踝前动脉蒂第１楔骨瓣，４例采用跗内侧动脉蒂第１楔骨瓣，１１例采用跗外侧动脉蒂骰骨瓣。术后随访３年～５年６个月，优１６例，良４例，差４例，有效率为８３．３％。认为，带蒂骨瓣移位术是治疗距骨缺血性坏死的有效方法     

带跗内侧动脉的足背动脉岛状皮瓣的应用

目的 足踝部组织缺损的修复。方法 用带跗内动脉的足背动脉岛状皮瓣修复足踝部组织缺损。结果 本组５例中，４例术后皮瓣全部成活，１例成活１／２，再行游离皮片移植后愈合，平均随访２１月，无疤痕溃破及疼痛。结论该皮瓣转移范围及切取范围均较大，皮瓣坚韧致密，取瓣区隐匿且不影响负重及行走，用于足踝部缺损修复效果较好。     

Volume of tarsal bones in congenital clubfoot

To elucidate the growth of the tarsal bones in congenital clubfoot, relative to the growth of these bones in the unaffected feet and compared to growth in the feet of normal volunteers, we used a computed tomography (CT) scanner to measure the volume of all tarsal bones. The subjects of the study were 10 adults (7 men and 3 women) with unilateral congenital clubfoot (average age 20 years and 1 month). As controls, we examined 11 healthy volunteers. We calculated the ratio of the volume of each tarsal bone to the total bone volume and the ratio of the volume of each tarsal bone in clubfoot to the corresponding bone in the unaffected foot. The volume ratio of each tarsal bone was compared between clubfeet and unaffected feet because the differences of each tarsal bone ratio between the normal foot group and unaffected foot group were not significant. In the clubfeet (n=10), the talus and the medial cuneiform bones were smaller than those in the unaffected feet (n=10) but the cuboid bone was larger. The growth of the navicular did not differ from as that in unaffected feet. Our results suggested hypoplasia on the medial side of the foot in adult patients with congenital clubfoot. The 3 patients who had undergone medial release showed particularly marked hypoplasia of the medial side. In congenital clubfoot cases with severe deformities who had undergone wide soft-tissue release operations, there were clear growth suppressions in the talus and the medial cuneiform. We could not determine whether the cause of the growth suppression was the hypoplastic nature of tarsal bones themselves or the surgical obstacles to tarsal bone growth.     

跗外侧动脉岛状皮瓣修复足部软组织缺损

目的介绍跗外侧动脉岛状皮瓣修复足部软组织缺损的方法。方法根据跗外侧动脉的解剖设计包含足外侧皮神经分支的岛状皮瓣,覆盖前足及踝部软组织缺损。结果皮瓣及植皮全部成活,术后随访10月～4年,患足外形及功能满意。结论跗外侧动脉岛状皮瓣为修复足部软组织缺损提供了一种方法。     

The relationship between the deep fibular nerve and the dorsalis pedis artery and its surgical importance

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the relationship between the deep fibular nerve and the dorsalis pedis artery to provide useful anatomical knowledge for safe surgical approaches in plastic surgery. The dissection of 30 cadaver lower limbs was undertaken to describe the relationship of the deep fibular nerve to the dorsalis pedis artery in the anterior tarsal tunnel and on the dorsum of the foot. The anterior tarsal tunnel is a flattened space between the inferior extensor retinaculum and the fascia overlying the talus and navicular. The deep fibular nerve and its branches pass longitudinally through this fibro-osseous tunnel, deep to the tendons of the extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus. Four distinct relationships of the deep fibular nerve to the dorsalis pedis artery were determined. The dorsalis pedis neurovascular island flap contains both the dorsalis pedis artery and the deep fibular nerve. Because the design of a neurovascular free flap requires detailed knowledge of the nerve and vascular supply, the data presented here are intended to help surgeons during surgical approaches to the foot and ankle.     

Tarsal Coalitions: Radiographic,CT, and MR Imaging Findings

Background

Tarsal coalitions affect up to 13% of the population and can be a cause of chronic ankle and hindfoot pain. They can be subdivided as osseous, cartilaginous, or fibrous types, each with unique radiographic, CT, and MR imaging findings. In particular, MR imaging offers the unique ability to determine the exact type of tarsal coalition that is present as well as whether any associated soft tissue abnormalities are present.

Questions/Purposes

The purposes of this paper were to (1) review the anatomy of the hindfoot; (2) review the radiographic, CT, and MR imaging findings of tarsal coalitions; and (3) review the imaging appearance of the specific types of tarsal coalitions.

Methods

Online searches were performed using Google Scholar with the search criteria of “tarsal coalition,” “hindfoot anatomy,” and “subtalar coalition,” and limiting the searches to papers published in the last 10 years in major radiology journals.

Results

The anatomy of the hindfoot is complex but essential to understand. There are various radiographic, CT, and MR imaging findings that can be consistently noted in cases of tarsal coalition. The specific types of tarsal coalition demonstrate characteristic imaging findings.

Conclusions

Knowledge of the normal anatomy of the foot, in particular the hindfoot, combined with the knowledge of the imaging characteristics of different histologic subtypes of coalitions (osseous, cartilaginous, and fibrous) is essential for interpreting radiographic, CT, and MR images of the ankle and foot.     

Revascularization of a partially necrotic talus with a vascularized bone graft from the iliac crest

Summary A 16-year-old patient had a compound dislocation of the right talus. Following primary treatment, which included a subtaler screw arthrodesis, the talus developed clinical, radiological, and isotope scan signs of necrosis [3]. In spite of a walking caliper to prevent weight bearing on the ankle, the talar articular cartilage of the ankle joint also showed signs of degeneration. The talus was revascularized with a vascularized corticocancellous iliac crest bone graft. Six months postoperatively, there were clinical, radiological, and bone scan signs of significant revascularization. The patient is free of pain and able to walk with full weight bearing on the foot.