Morphofunctional transformations in the thymus and lymph nodes after irradiation with a helium-neon laser

Morphological transformations occurring in the thymus and lymph nodes are studied in Wistar rats after irradiation of the thymus projection area and transcutaneous irradiation of peripheral blood with a low-energy helium-neon laser during a 7-day period. Irradiation of the thymus projection area stimulates lymphopoiesis in T-dependent zones of lymph nodes, while irradiation of peripheral blood increases lymph flow through lymph node parenchyma and activates B-dependent zones. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 123, No. 5, pp. 588–590, May, 1997     

Development of endocrine and lymphocytopoietic functions of the thymus in human embryogenesis

The endocrine function of the thymus develops earlier than lymphocytopoietic. Thymalin is produced by epithelial cells in the thymus primordium. It is released into the blood and regulates differentiation of T lymphocytes in the liver, the initial hemopoietic organ. The hormonal and lymphopoietic functions of human thymus are united on weeks 7.5–8 of embryonic life. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 10, pp. 453–456, October, 2000     

Morphological analysis of the thymus of albino rats with tumors for experimental chemotherapy alone and in combination with activator influences of an alternating magnetic field

A study of the histological structure and cell composition of the thymus in rats with ascitic ovarian tumors for chemotherapy alone and in combination with an alternating magnetic field, which induces an antistressor adaptive response in the organism, showed that an alternative magnetic field potentiates the antitumor effect of thioTEPA and protects the thymus from toxic damage caused by high doses of chemotherapy. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 11, pp. 535–539, November, 1994 Presented by N. V. Vasil'ev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of embryo irradiation on development of the thymus and formation of the T-lymphocyte population

Irradiation of pregnant mice causes destruction of the embryonal thymus and delays its colonization with lymphocytes, T-helper maturation, and elimination of T-lymphocyte precursors. After birth splenic colonization with lymphocytes, particularly with T helpers and T suppressors, is decresed. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 4, pp. 416–421, April, 1994     

A low-molecular-weight homogeneous fraction of the thymus stimulating immunogenesis

The effect of a purified acetic acid extract of thymus (thymarin) and of three of its fractions obtained by ion-exchange chromatography, and consisting of individual substances of polypeptide nature, on the immune response was studied in mice immunized with sheep's erythrocytes. Thymarin and one of its fractions with a molecular weight of about 5000 were shown to have a marked stimulating action on the thymus-dependent immune response (the formation of cells producing IgM and IgG antibodies and the circulating antibody level).Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. I. Ioffe.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 7, pp. 56–58, July, 1977.     

Submicroscopic changes in the thyroid gland in burns

The submicroscopic changes in the thyrocytes and perifollicular blood capillaries were studied on the 1st, 2nd, 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th days after experimental burns on sexually mature male guinea pigs. During the period of burn shock the picture in the thyroid gland was dominated by macrofollicles formed by thickened thyrocytes. The lumen of the capillaries was dilated and the ultrastructure of their wall disturbed. On the 7th–14th day an increase in the height of the cells, with hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the intracellular organelles, were observed. Together with hyperplastic changes in the thyrocytes and endothelial cells, destruction of the membranous components of the cells increased; in the later stages of burns (21st and 28th days) this led to the development of severe necrobiotic lesions of the cells and to a sharp disturbance of vaso-parenchymatous relationships in the gland.Department of Histology and Embryology, Ternopol' Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. V. Smolyannikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 86, No. 11, pp. 598–601, November 1978.     

Cytological profile of the thymus of mice with increased resistance to P3-X63-Ag8.653-MOPC plasmocytoma after stress

Pronounced stimulation of antigen-independent differentiation of T lymphocytes is found. Physical loads and immobilization stress are shown to considerably augment both the immigration of T lymphocyte precursors to the thymus and the emigration of differentiated lymphocytes, as well as to affect the rate of cell differentiation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 5, pp. 454–456, May, 1994 Presented by N. K. Permyakov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Role of thyroid hormones in stress-induced synthesis of heat-shock proteins in the myocardium

Thyroxine in near-physiological doses increased the content of heat-shock proteins in the myocardium and stimulated their accumulation during immobilization stress. Blockade of thyroid functions with methimazole decreased the content of heat-shock proteins in rat myocardium during stres and heat shock and prevented their accumulation during adaptation to short-term immobilizations. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 12, pp. 617–619, December, 2000     

Effect of He−Ne laser radiation on the amount of ATF in HeLa cells

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 115, N ^o 6, pp. 617–618, June, 1993     

Morphofunctional characteristics of rat ovarian capillaries during irradiation with low-intensity laser

Continous irradiation with He-Ne laser light changes the structure of ovarian capillary bed in rats. These changes depend on the duration of exposure and class of follicles. Three stages in capillary response have been distinguished: 0.5-5 min (rapid increase in alkaline phosphatase activity in the capillary wall and increase in the specific compactness and diameter of capillaries); 5–30 min (relative stabilization of metric values); after 30 min (stable decrease in the activity of the enzyme and specific compactness of capillaries and increase in their diameter). Perifollicular capillary plexuses of 67–80-μm follicles show the highest sensitivity to laser light. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126, No. 7, pp. 110–112, July, 1998     

Dynamics of reparative and adaptive processes in the myocardium after irradiation with high-intensity laser

Reparative and adaptive processes in the myocardium after irradiation with a high-intensity Nd:YAG laser are accompanied by an increase in the number of blood vessels in the damage-adjacent and remote areas. The results obtained indicate that laser revascularization of the myocardium can be employed in the treatment of some forms of ischemic heart disease. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 124, No. 10, pp. 469–472, October, 1997     

Effect of interferon on the structural organization of rat thymus

Changes in the thymus of male Wistar rats were studied under a light microscope at various times after intranasal administration of α-interferon. The relative mass of the organ, the cortex volume, the total number of cells, the number of small and medium lymphocytes, and the number of mitoses decrease 14 days after interferon administration. At the same time, the number of macrophages, neutrophils, mature plasmacytes, eosinophils, and erythrocytes increases, and mast cells appear. Thus, α-interferon probably suppresses the formation of T cells, facilitates allergization of the organism, and increases the permeability of the vascular endothelium. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 12, pp. 609–612, December, 1994     

Effect of dimethylsulfate on the structure and cytoarchitectonics of rat thymus

Changes of structure and cell ratios of different functional zones in the thymus under conditions of long-term dimethylsulfate administration at 0.1 and 2.0 mg/m³ on the organism are studied morphometrically on histological preparations from Wistar rats. Cyclic reactions of the thymus to the toxic substance are found to be due to compensatory processes. It is shown that the nature of the reaction does not depend on the concentration of toxic substance but that the extent of changes is a function of the dimethylsulfate concentration. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 1, pp. 96–100, January, 1995     

Changes in platelet aggregability after blood irradiation by helium-neon laser and red light emitting diodes

We analyzed changes in platelet aggregability induced by therapeutic irradiation of the blood with red light from a helium-neon laser and light-emitting diodes. Blood irradiation by helium-neon laser or red light-emitting diodes is alternative procedure for the inhibition of platelet functions, particularly in the case of individual intolerance to certain drugs. Translated from Byulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126, N 12, pp. 645–648, December, 1998     

Morphological and histochemical changes in the thyroid gland after a single exposure to 2,4-DA herbicide

Pathomorphological and quantitative histochemical studies revealed injury and changes in the membrane transport and synthetic processes in the thyroid gland of rats after acute exposure to herbicide 2,4-DA (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid amine salt). Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 124, No. 12, pp. 676–677, December, 1997     

State of the hematopoietic system in rats subjected to emotional stress after low-dose chronic irradiation

Examination of processes occurring in the hematopoietic system of rats subjected to emotional stress shortly after 30-day exposure to low-dose γ-radiation revealed the inhibitory influence of radiation exposure on the development of adaptive reactions by this system in the stressed animals. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 4, pp. 349—353, April, 1995     

Proliferation and cytotoxicity of thymus lymphocytes in vitro

The proliferative and cytolytic activity of lymphocytes from the spleen and intact thymus was compared after alloimmunization. The number of living cells and of DNA-synthesizing cells in a monoculture of thymocytes was 90–97% less, and in a mixed culture of thymus cells about 80% less that the corresponding number of spleen cells. The index of stimulation of immune thymocytes was several times greater than that of immune spleen cells. The peak of cytotoxicity was observed on the fourth to fifth day of stimulation, when the cytolytic activity of the immune thymocytes was close to the activity of immune spleen cells. The low DNA synthesis and the considerable cytotoxic activity of the immune thymocytes mean that stimulation of thymus cells in vitro can be used to obtain a cell population with a high content of cytolytic T lymphocytes.Laboratory of Systemic Blood Diseases, Oncologic Scientific Center, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR O. V. Baroyan.) Translated from Byulleten Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 9, pp. 330–333, September, 1977.     

Comparative indirect immunofluorescence study of myoid cells of the embryonic and adult human thymus

It was shown by the indirect immunofluorescence method that the lower content of muscle antigens in the myoid cells of the embryonic than in the adult human thymus is due to the higher secretory activity of these cells in the early stages of embryogenesis. Because of the increased secretory activity of the myoid cells the internal medium of the embryonic thymus contains more common antigens with muscle tissue than the adult human thymus. The fact that the functional activity of the myoid cells correlates during individual development with the rate of formation of lymphoid tissue confirms the view that heteroorganic antigens provide the lymphocytes of the thymus with information of the structure of autoantigens necessary for the formation of natural immunologic tolerance to them.Laboratory of Streptococcal Infections, N. F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR O. V. Baroyan.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 86, No. 11, pp. 616–620, November, 1978.