肩胛骨骨折合并锁骨骨折治疗方法探讨

目的探讨肩胛骨骨折合并锁骨骨折的治疗方法. 方法 23例肩胛骨骨折合并锁骨骨折的患者,13例行保守治疗,2个月后进行肩关节功能锻炼;10例行锁骨骨折、肩胛骨骨折切开复位重建钢板内固定,术后4周进行肩关节功能锻炼. 结果 23例患者骨折全部愈合.18例获随访,其中手术治疗8例,保守治疗10例,随访时间8～16个月,平均12个月.手术患者7例肩关节功能恢复优良,1例可;保守治疗患者6例肩关节功能恢复优良,3例可,1例差. 结论肩胛骨骨折合并锁骨骨折切开复位内固定,恢复了肩关节的动力平衡及稳定性,可早期进行功能锻炼,是一种较好的治疗方法.     

MSCT、MRI联合运用在复发性肩关节前脱位Bankart病损中的应用价值

目的:探讨MSCT、MRI联合运用在复发性肩关节前脱位Bankart病损中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析经临床、影像证实的复发性肩关节前脱位Bankart病损10例患者的MSCT、MRI表现,主要观察肩关节盂唇前方的CT、MRI改变。结果:10例中,CT发现肩关节盂前下份撕脱性骨折4例,MRI发现肩关节前下盂唇撕脱性骨折1例;MRI发现肩关节盂唇损伤10例,CT不能显示;CT发现合并Hill-Sachs损伤6例,MRI发现Hill-Sachs损伤8例;CT未能发现肱骨头骨挫伤3例;MRI发现肩袖损伤6例,Slap损伤1例。结论:MSCT、MRI能够相互补充,清晰显示Bankart病损及其他合并病变,为临床诊断及治疗提供更加充分的资料。     

直接数字X线摄影对肩峰下撞击综合征的诊断价值

目的探讨肩关节正位、轴位、肩峰出口位直接数字X线摄影(DR)在肩峰下撞击综合征诊断中的意义。方法选取以肩部疼痛及活动受限为主诉的患者20例进行分析,其中男性13例,女性7例,右肩15例,左肩5例,分别摄取肩关节正位、轴位、肩峰出口位DR片,20例患者均行患肩关节磁共振成像(MRI)检查。结果 DR检查9例阳性患者,磁共振成像(MRI)检查均可见肩袖表面毛糙、部分或全层撕裂,而DR检查阴性患者仅1例可见肩袖损伤。结论肩关节正位、轴位、肩峰出口位DR对诊断肩峰下撞击综合征具有病因学意义。     

Irreducible anterior dislocation of the shoulder due to soft tissue interposition of subscapularis tendon

The shoulder joint is the most unstable joint in the body and is easily dislocated. Anterior shoulder dislocation is the commonest and can be associated with glenoid and humeral fractures. Anterior shoulder dislocations are not infrequently associated with cuff tendon tears; however, anterior shoulder dislocation is easily reducible. Irreducible anterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint is uncommon, and this could be due to bony as well as soft tissue causes. Persistent anterior dislocation due to torn subscapularis interposition in the glenohumeral joint is very rare, and only a few operative cases have been reported in the literature. We present MR features of one such case and a literature review.     

Shoulder distension arthrography in adhesive capsulitis

Capsular retraction of the shoulder often occurs as a solitary pathological process; half of the cases are of primitive nature. In the past 10 years or more, distension of the shoulder joint has proven to be an efficient percutaneous treatment, and various techniques have been proposed. We report on our technique, which was performed on a series of 200 patients, and on the results observed in 27 patients with a precise evaluation of progressive changes in movements of the joint.     

Subacromial bony erosion: a rare presentation of pigmented villonodular synovitis of the shoulder

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) rarely affects the shoulder. We describe two cases of PVNS arising from the shoulder joint, which caused rotator cuff tears and sub-acromial bony erosion, and which were treated arthroscopically. Sub-acromial erosion is frequently associated with various glenohumeral joint disorders, but it has not been reported in association with PVNS. We believe PVNS should also be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients who present with sub-acromial erosion.     

超声引导液压松解盂肱关节囊联合康复训练治疗冻结肩的临床效果

目的评价可视化超声引导下液压松解盂肱关节囊治疗冻结肩的有效性及安全性。资料与方法纳入55例冻结肩患者,其中Ⅰ期患者17例,Ⅱ期23例,Ⅲ期15例,在可视超声实时引导下,穿刺针经肩关节后斜上方路径液压松解盂肱关节囊,松解治疗后联合同步肩关节康复训练。初次治疗及末次治疗后4周应用肩关节功能评分(Constant-Murley)评定其治疗效果的有效性及安全性。结果55例冻结肩患者Constant-Murley评分均有效,其中评分为优37例,良18例。37例评优的冻结肩患者中,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期分别为15例(88.2%)、13例(56.5%)、9例(60.0%)。18例评良的冻结肩患者中,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期分别为2例(11.7%)、10例(43.4%)、6例(40.0%)。各期冻结肩患者治疗前后Constant-Murley评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中Ⅰ期冻结肩患者疗效显著,治疗后1周疼痛及关节活动度基本缓解,4周内症状基本消失。所有患者均在超声引导下一次性穿刺成功,治疗过程中所有患者均能耐受,未发生明显不适及并发症。结论超声引导下液压松解盂肱关节囊治疗冻结肩安全、有效,本穿刺路径治疗联合系统的肩关节康复训练有效提高冻结肩的治疗效果。     

肩锁关节损伤影像研究

目的 探讨正常肩锁关节和肩锁关节脱位的影像表现. 方法 选取正常肩关节CR片68例、正常胸部正位CR片400例,测量肩锁关节间距距离和肩锁关节下皮质线关系.正常肩关节MRI 30例,临床证实肩锁关节脱位24例,肩撞击综合征7例,观察X线、MRI表现.结果 正常人肩锁关节间距为(3.36±0.44) mm;肩锁下皮质为一连续弧线.肩锁关节脱位24例中,按Rockwood分类,Ⅰ级7例,Ⅱ级5例,Ⅲ级12例;Ⅱ、Ⅲ级者肩锁关节间距增宽＞4.3 mm;Ⅲ级者肩锁关节下皮质弧线不连续.MRI发现Ⅱ级者关节软骨盘碎裂,关节囊和肩锁韧带撕裂,Ⅲ级者合并喙锁韧带撕裂.结论肩锁关节间距和下皮质弧线对诊断肩锁关节脱位分级有重要作用,MRI是确诊的有效方法.     

改良外展支架治疗肩部骨折的效果分析

 目的 评价肩关节改良外展支架治疗肩部骨折的临床疗效. 方法将108例肩部骨折患者随机分为普通外展支架固定组和改良外展支架固定组,每组各54例,观察两种外展支架治疗肩部骨折的效果,主要包括疼痛缓解和肩关节功能活动度等方面的比较,在治疗8、12周后随访结果. 结果治疗8、12周后,在缓解骨折后疼痛和改善肩关节功能活动度等方面,改良外展支架组优于普通外展支架组.结论 肩关节改良外展支架治疗肩部骨折疗效显著,在缓解疼痛和改善肩关节功能活动的效果上明显优于普通外展支架,具有很好的临床使用价值.     

Pigmented villonodular synovitis of the shoulder: review and case report

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) as reviewed in detail elsewhere most frequently involves the knee and finger synovial structures; shoulder involvement is rare: A search through the English literature yielded 18 publications describing 25 cases of PVNS affecting the shoulder joint. Analyzing these reports we found the clinical and radiological findings generally to be nonspecific, often mimicking a malignancy, as in the case presented here of a 16-year-old boy with painful swelling in the area of the left proximal humerus. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a suspected malignant soft tissue mass involving the shoulder capsule and measuring 7.5 × 6 × 4 cm. Preoperatively the patient could recall no trauma; however, postoperatively he did report a distorsion trauma of the affected shoulder following a bicycle accident. Intraoperatively, two tumors were found infiltrating the axillary vessels and nerve and tendon structures originating in the capsule of the shoulder joint. Rapid sections of the tissue revealed no signs of malignancy; further pathohistological examination revealed localized PVNS. Preoperatively, the shoulder joint was not suspected as the primary site of origin of the tumor because the patient had no complaints or functional deficits of the shoulder. The clinical presentation of such a PVNS lesion over the proximal humerus is unusual and to date has only twice been described in the literature. Received: 18 February 1998 Accepted: 10 July 1998     

喙突下撞击综合征的MSCT测量与分析

目的：应用MSCT对喙突下撞击综合征（CIS）患者第二肩关节骨性结构进行研究,测量喙突下间隙骨性距离及喙突外倾角大小,并与健康人进行对比。方法：使用GE Ligtspeed 16层螺旋CT对18例CIS患者患肩及22例健康人双肩关节进行扫描,分别在薄层横断位图像及后处理VR、MPR图像上观察撞击征患者第二肩关节骨性结构;并测量病例组及对照组喙突前外侧点到肱骨头之间的最短距离（简称C-H）及喙突外倾角大小。结果：①病例组C-H均值及标准差为（5.89±1.86）mm,正常组左、右肩C-H值分别为（8.67±3.22）mm、（8.38±2.54）mm;正常组中左、右肩C-H值差异不大,P〉0.05,而病例组与正常组左、右肩C-H值均有显著性差异（P〈0.001）;②对照组外倾角均值及标准差为28.8°±4.33°,病例组为32.2°±5.18°,两组无统计学意义（P（0.05）,但病例组中有5例外倾角明显大于对照组上限值（38°）,介于41°~54°之间;③18例CIS患者中,5例有喙突或肱骨小结节骨赘形成;5例喙突外倾角增大解剖变异;2例为肩部陈旧性骨折;7例肩关节无骨质结构异常改变。结论：CIS患者喙突下间隙较正常人狭窄,当C-H≤5.5 mm时应考虑有撞击综合征存在。骨赘形成及喙突变异（外倾增大）为CIS产生的重要原因。MSCT是诊断CIS的重要方法。     

人工肱骨头置换治疗老年肱骨近端复杂性骨折的疗效观察

目的:回顾性分析人工肱骨头置换治疗老年肱骨近端复杂性骨折患者肩关节功能情况.方法:对我院1999 - 12～2004 - 12收治的9例肱骨近端复杂性骨折的老年患者采用肱骨头置换治疗,术后经过7～9年的长期随访,定期评价肩关节功能.结果:本组9例经过半年的恢复和训练,所有患者能够满足基本的生活需要,肩关节功能在术后18月达到70％以上的优良率,但存在上举困难的现象.结论:人工肱骨头置换术是治疗肱骨近端骨折较有效的办法,能获得较满意的关节活动度,并发症发生率低.     

滑膜骨软骨瘤病的X线诊断(附84例分析)

目的:探讨滑膜骨软骨瘤病的X线诊断特点,提高对本病的诊断水平。方法:对经病理及临床综合确诊的84例滑膜骨软骨瘤病的X线表现进行回顾性分析。结果:本组84例中,踝关节3例,膝关节47例,髋关节11例,肘关节9例,肩关节14例,关节内均表现为多个圆形或卵圆形密度增高的钙化或骨化结节影,大小不一、数目不等。结论:滑膜骨软骨瘤病的X线表现具有一定特征性,结合临床具有较高诊断价值。     

X线诊断肌营养不良导致骨关节改变的价值(附3例报告)

目的　探讨X线诊断在肌营养不良进而导致肩胛骨等骨关节发生异常变化时的临床应用价值。方法　采用X线照片 ,观察骨关节各部分的位置、大小、结构。分析 3例由于肌营养不良造成骨的发育不良、畸形及关节脱位的X线表现。结果　①由进行性的肌肉萎缩引发肩胛骨旋转移位 ;②肩胛骨短小 ;③肩锁关节及肩关节脱位 ;④肩关节弯曲畸形。结论　利用X线对肌肉萎缩伴随骨关节有明显功能障碍患者进行诊断 ,可探明肌营养不良直接导致骨关节改变 ,并发现此类病的损害程度     

Konservative Therapie und Rehabilitation von Schulterbeschwerden

The shoulder joint has an important influence on arm- and hand function. Therefore, activities of daily living, working and leisure time can be negatively influenced by diseases of the shoulder joint. Problems of the shoulder joint can be induced by muscular dysbalance and poor body posture. There is a strong relationship between shoulder function and body posture. Conservative treatment and rehabilitation of the shoulder joint aims at improving the local dysfunction of the shoulder joint as well as at improving function and social participation. Antiinflammatory and pain medication, exercise, occupational, electro-, ultrasound and shock wave therapy, massage, thermotherapy and pulsed electromagnetic fields are used as conservative treatments. Exercise therapy aims at improving muscular performance, joint mobility and body posture. Occupational therapy aims at improving functional movements for daily living and work. Electrotherapy is primarily used to relieve pain. Shock wave and ultrasound therapy proved to be an effective treatment for patients with calcific tendinitis. The subacromial impingement syndrome can be effectively treated by conservative therapy.     

Arthroscopic acromioclavicular resection

Injury to the acromioclavicular joint is common and represents the source of many shoulder-related symptoms.Frequently, nonoperative treatment regimens such as physical therapy, oral antiinflamatory medication, and corticosteroid injections resolve symptoms. However, certain patients with cases refractory to conservative therapy require an operative intervention. The traditional open resection of the distal clavicle, as described independently by Mumford and Gurd has been a reproducible and reliable surgical method of treatment in patients with posttraumatic, degenerative disease of the acromioclavicluar joint associated with osteoarthritis, distal clavicle osteolisis, fractures and separations, and shoulder impingement syndrome. Advances in arthroscopic shoulder surgery and subacromial decompression have made debridement of the acromioclavicular joint and resection of the distal clavicle a viable alternative to the open approach, avoiding complication such as AC joint instability and residual postoperative shoulder weakness, and with distinct advantages like 1) evaluation of glenohumeral joint, 2) evaluation and treatment of coexistent impingement and rotator cuff pathology, 3) generally, performed on an outpatient basis, which decreases hospital cost and increases patient convenience.     

螺旋CT横断扫描及重建对肩关节创伤的临床应用研究

目的:探讨螺旋CT横断扫描及重建技术(SSD、MPR)在肩关节创伤中的临床应用价值及技术特点。方法:回顾性分析我院收治经X线、CT、SSD和MPR证实的肩关节外伤57例及正常对照组40例。SSD和MPR以横断面螺旋CT扫描图像为基础,层厚3-5mm,螺距1-1.5,重建间距1-2mm。结果:SSD、MPR图像质量与扫描参数的选择及重建间距密切相关,SSD及MPR图像均能更好地显示骨折,并可立体地显示骨折线的长短、形态、走向,碎骨片的形态、大小、空间位置以及骨折的移位和关节对位情况。结论:螺旋CT扫描及重建技术对肩关节的骨折、脱位或半脱位可提供有价值的空间关系信息,利于临床医师选择治疗方案和制订手术计划。     

Rapid destructive arthritis of the shoulder

 Rapid destructive arthritis of the shoulder, although uncommon, has received much attention in the recent medical literature. It has been described by several authors under varied names: hemorrhagic shoulder of the elderly, Milwaukee shoulder syndrome, rapid destructive arthritis of the shoulder, apatite-associated destructive arthritis and idiopathic destructive arthritis of the shoulder. This particular form of arthritis affects mainly elderly patients, predominantly women, with limited pain, rotator cuff tear, joint instability, voluminous mildly inflammatory, blood-stained effusion, basic calcium phosphate crystals, and marked joint and bone destruction.     

CT arthrography of capsular structures of the shoulder

The capsular mechanism of the shoulder joint consists of the joint capsule, which is strengthened by the glenohumeral ligaments and the rotator cuff, the glenoid labrum, and a variable number of synovial recesses. Although the fibrous capsule is a lax structure, the normal function of the capsular mechanism makes it an effective barrier against anterior dislocation, particularly in external rotation. There has been a tendency in the past to overestimate the role of the glenoid labrum in stability of the shoulder joint. In patients with instability, the significance of the capsular attachment or its anomalous insertions to the glenoid has not been adequately recognized. Labral tears may develop as secondary lesions due to repeated dislocations and subluxations rather than representing the primary lesion responsible for instability. Operative visualization of capsular defects or detachments is often difficult. Prior knowledge of these lesions can effectively help the choice of an appropriate surgical procedure and reduce operating time. The results of computed tomographic (CT) arthrography of the shoulder joint in 45 patients are reported and the normal and pathologic variations of the joint capsule and particularly the capsular insertions are described. Configuration of the joint recesses and the glenoid labrum are also evaluated. These CT findings were correlated and verified by surgery or arthroscopy in 26 cases.     

LCP、锁钉及多针固定中老年肱骨外科颈骨折的对比研究

目的探讨锁定加压钢板(LCP)、带锁髓内钉和多枚克氏针应用在中老年肱骨外科颈复杂性骨折治疗中的临床疗效。方法对本院2002年10月—2007年3月手术治疗并获得1年随访的肱骨外科颈骨折58例,年龄39～65岁,NeerⅡ型骨折33例,Ⅲ～Ⅳ型骨折25例,按手术方式不同分为:LCP组36例,带锁髓内钉治疗组(A组)11例,多枚克氏针治疗组(B组)11例,各组均采用手法复位。术后就术中出血量、切口总长度、伤口延迟愈合率、8周骨折愈合率、术后肩关节外展活动度方面,将LCP组分别与A组、B组进行统计学分析,肩关节功能按Constant-Murley绝对值标准评分。结果LCP组和A组比较切口总长度、伤口延迟愈合率、8周骨折愈合率无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组术中出血量、肩关节最大外展度数有统计学意义(P<0.05)。LCP组和B组比较术中出血量、伤口延迟愈合率无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组切口总长度、8周骨折愈合率、肩关节最大外展度数有统计学意义(P<0.05)。肩关节功能Constant-Murley绝对值评分结果:治疗Ⅱ型骨折LCP组优良率90.9%,Ⅲ～Ⅳ型骨折LCP组优良率85.7%。A组优良率45.5%,B组优良率36.4%。结论治疗中老年肱骨外科颈复杂性骨折首选应用锁定加压钢板技术固定,其临床疗效优于带锁髓内钉和多枚克氏针固定技术。