城市贫困人群生命质量疾病生命质量谱法评价

目的 以疾病生命质量谱为参照体系评价城市贫困人群的生命质量状态.方法 检索采用健康自评量表 (SF-36)研究疾病人群生命质量的文献,建立疾病生命质量谱,调查城市贫困人群生命质量,将城市贫困人群的生命质量值在疾病生命质量谱中进行定位及评价.结果 低收入非低保组定位于3级谱段,低收入低保组定位于1级谱段.其中低保组中的新贫困组定位于2级谱段,传统贫困组定位于1级谱段.城市贫困人群的生命质量相当于患有中、重度疾病人群的生命质量.结论 城市贫困人群的生命质量评分能够纳入疾病生命质量谱,表明受经济窘迫导致的生命质量下降程度与患病人群受疾病影响导致的生命质量下降水平已经相当.疾病生命质量谱可以作为城市贫困人群生命质量评价的参考体系.     

城市贫困人群生命质量及其主要影响因素

目的 研究城市贫困人群生命质量及其主要影响因素。方法 用SF-36量表对沈阳市237名贫困人群和261名对照人群的生命质量进行评价。经t检验、Logistic回归分析得出主要影响因素。结果 贫困人群与对照人群的生命质量有显著性差异。年龄、性别、医疗花费、债务、救济渠道、患病对贫困人群的生理健康影响明显；而医疗花费、教育花费、债务、救济渠道则是影响贫困人群心理健康的主要因素。除生理职能(RP)维度以外，其它维度的量化值均随困难年数增加而减少。结论 被调查贫困人群的生命质量低于对照人群，尤以35～50岁年龄段的贫困人群更为明显。贫困人群的生命质量受年龄、性别、医疗花费、债务、救济渠道、患病、教育花费等因素影响。     

城市贫困人群生命质量影响因素结构方程模型

生命质量(quality of life,QOL)资料具有多时点、多终点、多变量、变量不可直接观测等特点,传统线性分析方法往往孤立的关注变量与观察指标之间的关系,而忽略其他潜变量的存在和影响,忽略了测量误差的存在,对生命质量影响因素的总体把握受到限制^〔1-2〕。     

城市贫困人群生命质量和健康观的典则相关分析

本文采用SF-36生命质量量表及健康观量表对沈阳市贫困人群的生命质量和健康观进行调查，为健康教育机构工作重点的确立提供基础数据，为扶贫工作提供新的视角。     

糖尿病高危人群生命质量的综合评价

目的综合评价糖尿病（DM）高危人群生命质量的改变，为DM的监测与综合防治提供参考。方法利用配对研究方法，以DM高危人群100人与健康对照者100人为对象，根据生物检测指标与SF-36量表相结合来综合评价DM高危人群的生命质量。结果DM高危人群体重指数（BMI）、血压（Bp）、空腹血糖（FBG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）等生物检测指标及SF-36量表评分与健康对照组的差别均具有高度统计学意义（P〈0．01），SF-36量表评分与生物检测指标间具有相关关系（P〈0．01）。结论采用生物检测指标与SF-36量表相结合的综合评价方法，能较客观地反映DM高危人群生命质量的改变。     

城市贫困人群医疗救助利用评价指标体系构建

中国政府于2005年正式启动城市贫困人群医疗救助制度,该制度主要作用于改善贫困人口的健康和生活状况⁽¹⁾。目前对城市贫困医疗救助利用进行综合评价尚缺少量化的指标及其体系。为了进一步提高城市贫困人群医疗救助水平,实现贫困人群医疗救助的可持续发展目标,需要及时地进行综合评价分析,故迫切需要建立一套适合现阶段城市贫困人群医疗救助利用的评价指标体系,为医疗救助效果评价分析提供科学化、规范化的依据。     

SF-36健康调查量表应用于城市贫困人群的信度和效度

"生命质量"是70年代国外医学界引入的概念[1],自引入以来,产生了许多生命质量测评量表,其中SF-36健康调查量表(the SF-36 Health Survey)已成为全球应用最广的生命质量测评工具,被普遍作为生命质量测量量表使用.本文采用SF-36健康调查量表对沈阳市贫困人群的生命质量进行调查,分析其信度和效度,为SF-36健康调查量表在贫困人群的应用提供了资料.     

运用健康寿命评价人群的生命质量

运用健康寿命评价人群的生命质量上海市嘉定区卫生防疫站（２０１８００）戴依群徐继英本文试用１９７５～１９９５年上海市嘉定区急性传染病发病率资料计算健康寿命，分析并预测急性传染病对本区人群生命质量的影响，为今后的卫生防病工作提供科学依据。资料与方法人口资...     

贫困、疾病及精准健康扶贫政策:基于贫困居民生命质量评价

目的:将生命质量评价引入精准健康识别与干预政策中,通过比较不同类别贫困居民生命质量特征,揭示扶贫对象各维度现状,为完善精准健康扶贫政策提供参考。方法:评价工具采用WHOQOL-BREF量表,通过入户调查方式收集数据,采用t检验分析与中国常模数据进行比较。结果:贫困居民其人群分布表现为男性(71.7%)多于女性,年龄普遍偏大(平均55岁)。贫困居民与中国常模比较,健康组和疾病组的生命质量评价评分均显著低于中国常模的对照组,说明贫困对于居民生命质量评价的负面影响十分显著。不论处于何种收入水平,健康贫困居民总体评价均高于患病贫困居民。对于患病贫困居民而言,收入越高、其心理和总体评价越好;反之亦然。结论:健康对于贫困居民总体评价具有显著正影响、而患病对于贫困居民总体评价具有显著负影响。收入提高对于患病贫困居民的心理和总体评价改善有效。     

主成分分析法对医院医疗质量的综合评价

目的对某医院近10年不同性质的医疗质量指标进行综合分析。方法采用主成分分析法进行统计分析。结果1994～2003年医院医疗质量在不断提高,并能从综合得分中看出医疗质量的提高程度,2003年最好,2002年次之。结论主成分分析法对医院各年不同性质的医疗质量的评价结果,可以较准确直观地反映各年医疗质量的相对情况。     

沈阳市新贫困人群生命质量调查

目的评价城市新贫困人群的生命质量,并探讨其主要影响因素.方法用SF-36量表对某社区103名新贫困人口的生命质量进行评价,采用logistic回归分析生命质量的主要影响因素.结果患病、医疗花费、债务、性别、文化程度对新贫困人群的生理健康有影响;债务对心理健康有影响.36～50岁人群中,新贫困人群的生理功能、社会功能、精神健康、活力、总体健康等维度高于贫困组;全部维度均低于非贫困组.结论SF-36量表适用于城市新贫困人群.对于36～50岁组人群,新贫困人群的生命质量接近于贫困人群,但低于非贫困人群.     

Self-perceived quality of life of Chinese elderly people in Hong Kong

Central to the philosophy of occupational therapy is a commitment to the improvement of clients' quality of life (QOL). There has been a growing interest in the QOL of elderly people in Hong Kong. Social and cultural differences may preclude the application of QOL findings for elderly people in Western countries to their Hong Kong counterparts. This study, which is the preliminary phase of a larger study, explored the QOL of Chinese elderly people in Hong Kong from their own perspective. Focus group interviews were conducted with six Chinese community-residing elderly people who identified the following domains and component elements as being important to their QOL: physical and functional well-being (good health, leisure), psychological well-being (life satisfaction, happiness), social well-being (social interaction, social network/support) and economic well-being (money, housing). Further investigation of factors including self-concept, self-pride, personal autonomy, role fulfilment, and coping ability is required to determine if these are QOL elements for this population. Participants' culturally related philosophical beliefs were found to influence their QOL. Copyright © 1998 Whurr Publishers Ltd.     

How well do elderly people complete individualised quality of life measures: An exploratory study

This research note describes and discusses a study which investigated the feasibility of using an individualised approach to measure the quality of life (QoL) of a sample of older people who were in receipt of an early hospital discharge service. Most participants (86%) were able to identify areas of their lives which were important to them, rate their level of functioning on each of these areas and rank their life areas in order of importance. However, 39% were unable to quantify the relative importance of each area of life. Indeed, the majority (57%) of participants who were over 75 years old could not complete this weighting or evaluative stage. The results suggest that the phenomenological approach to measuring QoL may be employed successfully with older people but that the weighting system used by existing individualised QoL measures needs to be refined, especially when assessing people over 75.     

WHOQOL-BREF量表在流动人口生存质量评价中的应用

目的:评价WHOQOL-BREF量表(中文版)在流动人口生存质量测定中的效果.方法:采用分层抽样的方法,测定浙江省1217名流动人口的生存质量.结果:生存质量四个领域的Cronbach's a系数均大于0.7,也大于与其他领域的相关系数,说明量表的内部一致性良好;提取的5个公因子共解释了57.77%的总方差,主要因子与原量表的结构基本一致.结论:中文版WHOQOL-BREF量表有较好的信度和效度,可用于流动人口生存质量的测定.     

Effects of digital engagement on the quality of life of older people

It is often asserted that older people's quality of life (QOL) is improved when they adopt information and communication technology (ICT) such as the Internet, mobile phones and computers. Similar assumptions are made about older people's use of ICT‐based care such as telecare and telehealth. To examine the evidence around these claims, we conducted a scoping review of the academic and grey literature, coving the period between January 2007 and August 2014. A framework analysis approach, based on six domains of QOL derived from the ASCOT and WHOQOL models, was adopted to deductively code and analyse relevant literature. The review revealed mixed results. Older people's use of ICT in both mainstream and care contexts has been shown to have both positive and negative impacts on several aspects of QOL. Studies which have rigorously assessed the impact of older people's use of ICT on their QOL mostly demonstrate little effect. A number of qualitative studies have reported on the positive effects for older people who use ICT such as email or Skype to keep in touch with family and friends. Overall, the review unearthed several inconsistencies around the effects of older people's ICT use on their QOL, suggesting that implicit agreement is needed on the best research methods and instrumentation to adequately describe older people's experiences in today's digital age. Moreover, the available evidence does not consider the large number of older people who do not use ICT and how non‐use affects QOL.     

中国与日本老年人体力活动、生活质量及影响因素

目的了解中国和日本老年人的体力活动和生活质量及其影响因素。方法采用整群抽样的方法抽取中国沈阳市和日本东广岛市60~85岁老年人共658人进行健康、体力活动和生活质量问卷调查。结果中国男性老年人体力活动量(MET·min/week)(M=2 856,P25=1 848,P75=4 305)低于日本男性老年人(M=3 294,P25=1 596,P75=8 359);中国女性老年人体力活动量(M=3 189,P25=2 052,P75=4 424)高于日本女性老年人(M=2 448,P25=986,P75=4 651)(均P<0.05)。中国老年人的总生活质量(81.0 3±8.68 vs 71.79±10.82)、生理健康(78.44±12.43 vs 73.57±12.12)和心理健康(83.55±8.04 vs 70.07±11.37)的得分均高于日本老年人(均P<0.001);中国老年人的生理功能、躯体疼痛、总体健康、活力、社会功能、精神健康的得分均高于日本老年人,但生理职能和情感职能的得分低于日本老年人(均P<0.05)。罹患慢性疾病、女性和低水平体力活动量的中国老年人生活质量较低(P<0.001);罹患慢性疾病和低水平体力活动量的日本老年人生活质量较低(P<0.001)。结论中国老年人的体力活动量男性低于日本,而女性高于日本;中国老年人的生活质量高于日本,罹患慢性疾病和缺乏体力活动降低中国和日本老年人的生活质量。